Abstract:
Optical transmission systems including a plurality of optical amplifiers configured to provide optical amplification of one or more information carrying optical signal wavelengths. At least two of the optical amplifiers are operated to provide net losses or net gains along corresponding spans, while the cumulative gain provided by the plurality of optical amplifiers substantially compensates for the cumulative loss of the spans.
Abstract:
Topical compositions containing histamine antagonists together with pharmaceutically acceptable salts and dermatological acceptable carrier vehicles are applied to the skin of human patients to inhibit sebaceous gland activity associated with acne, seborrheic dermatitis (seborrhea), and cosmetic oily skin conditions.
Abstract:
Optical systems of the present invention includes power sources that provide dedicated and shared power to a plurality of optical amplification sections. In various embodiments, multiple optical pump sources are provided the include a plurality of optical sources, which supply dedicated optical pump power and shared optical pump power to two or more optical amplification sections. In other embodiments, remote dispersion compensation is performed and Raman amplification is provided to overcome at least a portion of the loss.