公开(公告)号：US07411505B2

公开(公告)日：2008-08-12

申请号：US11351192

申请日：2006-02-08

申请人： Joshua R. Smith ,  Anthony Lamarca ,  Matthai Philipose

发明人： Joshua R. Smith ,  Anthony Lamarca ,  Matthai Philipose

IPC分类号： G08B13/14

CPC分类号： G06K19/06 ,  G06K19/0723 ,  G06K19/07345

摘要： One or more switches may be coupled to a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, so that the response of the RFID tag indicates the state of the switch(es). The RFID tag and the switch(es) may be coupled together in various ways so that the state of the switches affects the response of the RFID tag to an RFID reader.

摘要翻译： 一个或多个开关可以耦合到射频识别（RFID）标签，使得RFID标签的响应指示开关的状态。 RFID标签和开关可以以各种方式耦合在一起，使得开关的状态影响RFID标签对RFID读取器的响应。

公开(公告)号：US20080133187A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-05

申请号：US11858549

申请日：2007-09-20

申请人： Joshua R. Smith

发明人： Joshua R. Smith

IPC分类号： G06F17/10 ,  G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/50

摘要： Generating a graph invariant may be accomplished by initializing each card of an initial message deck to an identity matrix, propagating messages to form a first iteration message deck using a message propagation rule, generating a first iteration codebook using the first iteration message deck, recoding the first iteration message deck using the first iteration codebook, repeating the propagating, generating, and recoding steps for at least a second iteration, concatenating the message decks elementwise to form a final message deck, row sorting the final message deck to form a row sorted message deck, sorting rows of the row sorted message deck to form a table sorted message deck, and sorting cards of the table sorted message deck to form the invariant.

摘要翻译： 可以通过将初始消息卡片的每个卡初始化为单位矩阵来实现生成图不变量，使用消息传播规则传播消息以形成第一迭代消息卡片，使用第一迭代消息卡片产生第一迭代码本，重新编码 第一迭代消息卡片，使用第一迭代码本，重复传播，生成和重新编码步骤至少第二次迭代，将消息甲板连续化以形成最终消息卡片，行排列最终消息卡片以形成行排序消息 排列行排序消息甲板的行，以形成表排序的消息甲板，以及排序表排序的消息甲板的卡以形成不变量。

公开(公告)号：US06584214B1

公开(公告)日：2003-06-24

申请号：US09419756

申请日：1999-10-19

申请人： Ravikanth Pappu ,  Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

发明人： Ravikanth Pappu ,  Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

IPC分类号： G06K900

CPC分类号： G07D7/04 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/00577 ,  G06K19/086 ,  G06Q20/347 ,  G07B17/00508 ,  G07B17/00733 ,  G07B2017/0058 ,  G07B2017/00709 ,  G07B2017/0083 ,  G07D7/06 ,  G07D7/2041 ,  G07F7/08 ,  G07F7/125

摘要： Three-dimensional characteristics of a complex physical structure are used to generate a unique identifier. In effect, the characteristics reperesent the basis of a “physical one-way hash function” that faciliates ready derivation of an identifier based on the physical structure, the structure itself being very difficult to reproduce given only the identifier. The characteristics may be read using a non-contact probe and without the need for precise registration.

摘要翻译： 使用复杂物理结构的三维特征来生成唯一的标识符。 实际上，该特征重现了基于物理结构使得准确地导出标识符的“物理单向散列函数”的基础，结构本身仅仅给出标识符非常难以再现。 可以使用非接触式探针读取特性，而无需精确配准。

公开(公告)号：USD450759S1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-20

申请号：US29111375

申请日：1999-09-24

申请人： Will Crosby ,  Michael J. Murphy ,  Joshua R. Smith ,  Andrew Sutherland

设计人： Will Crosby ,  Michael J. Murphy ,  Joshua R. Smith ,  Andrew Sutherland

公开(公告)号：US6051981A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-18

申请号：US201336

申请日：1998-11-30

申请人： Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

发明人： Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

IPC分类号： B60N2/00 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60R21/01 ,  B60R21/015 ,  G01B7/00 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01V3/08 ,  G06F3/00 ,  G06F3/01 ,  H03K17/955 ,  G01R27/26

CPC分类号： B60R21/01532 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/286 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60R21/01556 ,  G01B7/003 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01V3/088 ,  G06F3/011 ,  G06F3/017 ,  H03K17/955 ,  H03K2217/94052 ,  H03K2217/960775

摘要： Apparatus and methods for resolving movement of a mass within a defined space utilizes at least one electrode proximate to the space to be observed. An AC signal is applied to the electrode, and the current measured from that electrode and also to any other electrodes included in the system and which are effectively connected to the ground return of the AC-coupled electrode. A person (or object) to be sensed intercepts a part of the electric field extending beween the AC-coupled "sending" electrode and the other "receiving" electrodes, the amount of the field intercepted depending on the size and orientation of the sensed person, whether or not the person provides a grounding path, and the geometry of the distributed electrodes. Given the nonlinear spatial dependence of the field, multiple electrodes can reliably distinguish among a set of expected cases. The invention detects motion by taking sequential measurements at different times and utilizing the time variation in signal magnitudes as well as the absolute magnitudes themselves.

摘要翻译： 用于分辨质量在限定空间内的移动的装置和方法利用至少一个靠近待观察空间的电极。 AC电极被施加到电极上，并且从该电极测量的电流以及与系统中包括的任何其它电极并且有效地连接到AC耦合电极的接地回路的电流。 要被感测的人（或物体）截取在AC耦合的“发送”电极和另一“接收”电极之间延伸的电场的一部分，根据所感测的人的大小和方向截取的场的量 无论人是否提供接地路径，以及分布电极的几何形状。 给定场的非线性空间依赖性，多个电极可以可靠地区分一组预期情况。 本发明通过在不同时间进行连续测量并利用信号幅度的时间变化以及绝对值本身来检测运动。

公开(公告)号：US6025726A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-15

申请号：US200609

申请日：1998-11-30

申请人： Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

发明人： Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

IPC分类号： G06F3/033 ,  B60N2/00 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60R21/01 ,  B60R21/015 ,  G01B7/00 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01D21/00 ,  G01V3/08 ,  G06F3/00 ,  G06F3/01 ,  G06F3/038 ,  G06F3/044 ,  H03K17/955 ,  G01R27/26

CPC分类号： H03K17/955 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/286 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60R21/01532 ,  B60R21/01556 ,  G01B7/003 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01D5/2405 ,  G01V3/088 ,  G06F3/044 ,  H03K2217/960775

摘要： A quasi-electrostatic sensing system surrounds an electrically conductive mass with an electric field, the magnitude of which is sensed at one or more locations to resolve a property of interest concerning the mass. The object intercepts a part of the electric field extending beween the AC-coupled "sending" electrode and the other "receiving" electrodes, the amount of the field intercepted depending on the size and orientation of the sensed mass, whether or not the mass provides a grounding path, and the geometry of the distributed electrodes. Because the response of the field to an object is a complex nonlinear function, adding electrodes can always distinguish among more cases. In other words, each electrode represents an independent weighting of the mass within the field; adding an electrode provides information regarding that mass that is not redundant to the information provided by the other electrodes. A "forward model" that relates the behavior of the system to variations in the property to be measured is established, and "inversion" of this model facilitates recovery of the property based on system behavior. The invention is amenable to a wide variety of usages including the detection of user positions and gestures as a means of conveying two- and/or three-dimensional information to, for example, computers, appliances, televisions, furniture, etc.; provision of data input or instructional commands to a device; or sensing of proximity to a reference object for security purposes, to warn of danger, or to conserve energy by withholding power until a potential user approaches the object.

摘要翻译： 准静电感测系统围绕具有电场的导电块，其大小在一个或多个位置处被感测以解决关于质量的感兴趣的属性。 物体截取在AC耦合的“发送”电极和另一个“接收”电极之间延伸的电场的一部分，取决于感测质量的尺寸和取向截取的磁场的量，质量是否提供 接地路径和分布电极的几何形状。 因为场对物体的响应是一个复杂的非线性函数，所以添加电极总是可以区分更多的情况。 换句话说，每个电极代表场内质量的独立权重; 添加电极提供关于该质量的信息，该信息对于由其它电极提供的信息不是冗余的。 建立了将系统的行为与要测量的属性变化相关联的“前向模型”，该模型的“反转”有助于基于系统行为的属性恢复。 本发明适用于各种用途，包括检测用户位置和手势，作为将二维和/或三维信息传送到例如计算机，电器，电视机，家具等的手段; 向设备提供数据输入或指令命令; 或为了安全目的感测靠近参考物体，警告危险，或者通过扣留电力来节省能量，直到潜在用户接近物体为止。

公开(公告)号：US5914610A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-22

申请号：US831196

申请日：1997-04-02

申请人： Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

发明人： Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

IPC分类号： B60N2/00 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60R21/01 ,  B60R21/015 ,  G01B7/00 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01V3/08 ,  G06F3/00 ,  G06F3/01 ,  H03K17/955 ,  G01R27/26

CPC分类号： B60R21/01532 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/286 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60R21/01556 ,  G01B7/003 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01V3/088 ,  G06F3/011 ,  G06F3/017 ,  H03K17/955 ,  H03K2217/94052 ,  H03K2217/960775

摘要： Apparatus and methods for resolving presence, orientation and activity of a person within a defined space utilizes at least one electrode proximate to the space to be observed. An AC signal is applied to the electrode, and the current measured from that electrode and also to any other electrodes included in the system, and which are effectively connected to the ground return of the AC-coupled electrode. A person (or object) to be sensed intercepts a part of the electric field extending beween the AC-coupled "sending" electrode and the other "receiving" electrodes, the amount of the field intercepted depending on the size and orientation of the sensed person, whether or not the person provides a grounding path, and the geometry of the distributed electrodes. Given the nonlinear spatial dependence of the field, multiple electrodes can reliably distinguish among a set of expected cases. The invention can be configured to detect not only static positions and orientations, but also motion through a defined space. This is accomplished by taking sequential measurements at different times and utilizing the time variation in signal magnitudes as well as the absolute magnitudes themselves.

摘要翻译： 用于解决在限定空间内的人的存在，取向和活动的装置和方法利用靠近待观察空间的至少一个电极。 对电极施加AC信号，从该电极测量的电流以及系统中包括的任何其它电极，并且有效地连接到AC耦合电极的接地回路。 要被感测的人（或物体）截取在AC耦合的“发送”电极和另一“接收”电极之间延伸的电场的一部分，根据所感测的人的大小和方向截取的场的量 无论人是否提供接地路径，以及分布电极的几何形状。 给定场的非线性空间依赖性，多个电极可以可靠地区分一组预期情况。 本发明可以被配置为不仅检测静态位置和取向，而且检测通过限定空间的运动。 这是通过在不同时间进行连续测量并利用信号幅度的时间变化以及绝对幅度本身来实现的。

公开(公告)号：US5844415A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-01

申请号：US640569

申请日：1996-05-01

申请人： Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

发明人： Neil Gershenfeld ,  Joshua R. Smith

IPC分类号： G06F3/033 ,  B60N2/00 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60R21/01 ,  B60R21/015 ,  G01B7/00 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01D21/00 ,  G01V3/08 ,  G06F3/00 ,  G06F3/01 ,  G06F3/038 ,  G06F3/044 ,  H03K17/955 ,  G01R27/26

CPC分类号： H03K17/955 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/286 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60R21/01532 ,  B60R21/01556 ,  G01B7/003 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01D5/2405 ,  G01V3/088 ,  G06F3/044 ,  H03K2217/960775

摘要： A quasi-electrostatic sensing system surrounds an electrically conductive mass with an electric field, the magnitude of which is sensed at one or more locations to resolve a property of interest concerning the mass. The object intercepts a part of the electric field extending between the AC-coupled "sending" electrode and the other "receiving" electrodes, the amount of the field intercepted depending on the size and orientation of the sensed mass, whether or not the mass provides a grounding path, and the geometry of the distributed electrodes. Because the response of the field to an object is a complex nonlinear function, adding electrodes can always distinguish among more cases. In other words, each electrode represents an independent weighting of the mass within the field; adding an electrode provides information regarding that mass that is not redundant to the information provided by the other electrodes. A "forward model" that relates the behavior of the system to variations in the property to be measured is established, and "inversion" of this model facilitates recovery of the property based on system behavior. The invention is amenable to a wide variety of usages including the detection of user positions and gestures as a means of conveying two- and/or three-dimensional information to, for example, computers, appliances, televisions, furniture, etc.; provision of data input or instructional commands to a device; or sensing of proximity to a reference object for security purposes, to warn of danger, or to conserve energy by withholding power until a potential user approaches the object.

摘要翻译： 准静电感测系统围绕具有电场的导电块，其大小在一个或多个位置处被感测以解决关于质量的感兴趣的属性。 物体截取在AC耦合的“发送”电极和另一个“接收”电极之间延伸的电场的一部分，根据感测质量块的尺寸和方向截取的场的量，质量是否提供 接地路径和分布电极的几何形状。 因为场对物体的响应是一个复杂的非线性函数，所以添加电极总是可以区分更多的情况。 换句话说，每个电极代表场内质量的独立权重; 添加电极提供关于该质量的信息，该信息对于由其它电极提供的信息不是冗余的。 建立了将系统的行为与要测量的属性变化相关联的“前向模型”，该模型的“反转”有助于基于系统行为的属性恢复。 本发明适用于各种用途，包括检测用户位置和手势，作为将二维和/或三维信息传送到例如计算机，电器，电视机，家具等的手段; 向设备提供数据输入或指令命令; 或为了安全目的感测靠近参考物体，警告危险，或者通过扣留电力来节省能量，直到潜在用户接近物体为止。