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公开(公告)号：US5032148A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-16
申请号：US432985
申请日：1989-11-07
IPC分类号： B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D53/226
摘要： A fractionation process for treating a gas stream containing organic vapor in a concentration technically or economically difficult to treat by standard waste control methods. Typically this concentration will be about 0.1-10% organic vapor. The process involves running the stream through a membrane system containing one or more membranes selectively permeable to the organic vapor component of the gas stream. The fractionation produces two streams: a product residue stream containing the organic vapor in a concentration less than about 0.5% and a product permeate stream highly enriched in organic vapor content. Both residue and permeate streams are then suitable for treatment by conventional separations or waste control technologies. The low concentration residue stream might be passed to carbon adsorption beds, for example, and the high concentration permeate stream might be subjected to condensation or incineration.
摘要翻译： 用于通过标准废物控制方法在技术上或经济上难以处理的浓度中处理含有机蒸汽的气流的分馏方法。 通常该浓度为约0.1-10％的有机蒸气。 该方法包括使流通过含有选择性渗透气流的有机蒸气成分的一种或多种膜的膜系统运行。 分馏产生两股流：含有浓度小于约0.5％的有机蒸气的产物残留物流和高度富含有机蒸汽含量的产物渗透物流。 残渣和渗透物流都适用于常规分离或废物控制技术的处理。 例如，低浓度残留物流可能被传递到碳吸附床，并且高浓度渗透物流可能被冷凝或焚化。
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公开(公告)号：US06425267B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-30
申请号：US09917478
申请日：2001-07-27
IPC分类号： F25J100
CPC分类号： B01D53/228 , Y10S62/927
摘要： A process for treating natural gas or other methane-rich gas to remove excess nitrogen. The invention relies on membrane separation using methane-selective membranes, but does not require the membranes to be operated at very low temperatures. We have found that, by using a two-step membrane system design, and controlling the operating pressures for the membrane steps within certain ranges, the capital and operating costs of the process can be kept within economically acceptable limits.
摘要翻译： 一种处理天然气或其他富甲烷气体以除去过量氮气的方法。 本发明依赖于使用甲烷选择性膜的膜分离，但不需要膜在非常低的温度下操作。 我们发现，通过使用两步膜系统设计，并将膜步骤的操作压力控制在一定范围内，该过程的资金和运营成本可以保持在经济上可接受的限度内。
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公开(公告)号：US5538640A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-23
申请号：US280006
申请日：1994-07-25
IPC分类号： B01D61/36
CPC分类号： B01D61/362
摘要： A pervaporation apparatus and process adapted to handle a diverse range of feed stream compositions and volumes. The apparatus includes a pervaporation unit and condenser, one or more tanks and a control system to direct liquid flows within the apparatus according to the chosen processing scheme. The apparatus and process can achieve separation performance comparable to a one-stage, two-stage, two-step or more complicated pervaporation system, including those in which two-phase permeates are produced.
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公开(公告)号：US5374300A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-20
申请号：US050968
申请日：1993-04-21
IPC分类号： B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D53/22
摘要： A process for treating a gas stream to remove or recover a condensable component. The process involves a condensation step followed by a membrane concentration step. The process is useful in treating raw gas streams containing low concentrations of the condensable component, in treating small-volume raw gas streams, as an alternative to processes that require multistage membrane separation systems, in treating raw gas streams that have the potential to form explosive mixtures, or in situations where the treated gas stream composition must meet narrow target specifications.
摘要翻译： 一种处理气流以除去或回收可冷凝组分的方法。 该方法包括缩合步骤，然后进行膜浓缩步骤。 该方法可用于处理含有低浓度可冷凝组分的原料气流，处理小体积原料气流，作为需要多级膜分离系统的方法的替代方法，可用于处理具有潜在形成爆炸物的原料气流 混合物或处理气流组合物必须满足窄目标规格的情况。
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公开(公告)号：US5205843A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-27
申请号：US836101
申请日：1992-02-14
IPC分类号： B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D53/22
摘要： A process for treating a gas stream to remove or recover a condensable component. The process involves a condensation step followed by a membrane concentration step. The process is useful in treating raw gas streams containing low concentrations of the condensable component, in treating small-volume raw gas streams, as an alternative to processes that require multistage membrane separation systems, in treating raw gas streams that have the potential to form explosive mixtures, or in situations where the treated gas stream composition must meet narrow target specifications.
摘要翻译： 一种处理气流以除去或回收可冷凝组分的方法。 该方法包括缩合步骤，然后进行膜浓缩步骤。 该方法可用于处理含有低浓度可冷凝组分的原料气流，处理小体积原料气流，作为需要多级膜分离系统的方法的替代方法，可用于处理具有潜在形成爆炸物的原料气流 混合物或处理气流组合物必须满足窄目标规格的情况。
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46.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5147550A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-15
申请号：US803109
申请日：1991-12-05
IPC分类号： B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D53/229 , B01D53/225 , B01D53/226
摘要： A pervaporation process and system for removing a component from a liquid stream. The process includes a pervaporation separation step and a recovery step. An auxiliary membrane module or set of modules is installed across a condenser and/or recovery unit on the downstream side of the main pervaporation unit. This module takes as its feed a stream from the recovery unit and returns a component-enriched stream to the inlet of the condenser or recovery unit. The module can be sized to produce a discharge stream containing the component in about the same concentration as the feed to be treated. This discharge stream can then be mixed with the feed without adverse effect on the efficiency of the system.
摘要翻译： 用于从液体流中除去组分的渗透蒸发过程和系统。 该方法包括渗透蒸发分离步骤和回收步骤。 辅助膜组件或一组模块安装在主渗透蒸发单元下游侧的冷凝器和/或回收单元上。 该模块将来自回收单元的流作为其进料，并将富含组分的流返回到冷凝器或回收单元的入口。 该模块的尺寸可以制成含有与待处理饲料大致相同浓度的组分的排出流。 然后可以将该排出流与进料混合，而不会对系统的效率产生不利影响。
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公开(公告)号：US5069793A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-03
申请号：US582746
申请日：1990-09-12
CPC分类号： B01D61/362 , B01D63/10
摘要： A spiral-wound pervaporation module, designed to achieve optimum permeate flow throughput. The module is of conventional design and construction, in that it incorporates membrane envelopes, within and between which are channels through which the feed and permeate streams flow. The feed and permeate channels are created by spacers on the feed and permeate sides of the membrane layers. The module is unconventional in that the permeate spacer is tailored for optimum permeate flow throughput. The tailoring is based on the discovery that the total permeate flow throughput from a module passes through a maximum as the resistance to vapor transport of the permeate spacer material is progressively decreased. The resistance to vapor transport along the permeate channel is kept below a value at which it has a significant adverse effect on the membrane flux and the membrane separation properties, yet at the same time the total module throughput is within an optimum range.When modules in accordance with the invention are made, the increase in throughput per unit membrane area that is obtained more than compensates for the loss in membrane area brought about as a result of the use of a thicker permeate spacer. The modules are particularly advantageous for containing high-flux, high-separation membranes, and for low-pressure pervaporization processes.
摘要翻译： 螺旋缠绕渗透蒸发模块，旨在实现最佳的渗透流量。 该模块具有常规的设计和构造，因为它包含膜包膜，其内部和之间是进料和渗透物流通过的通道。 进料和渗透通道由隔膜在膜层的进料和渗透侧产生。 该模块是非常规的，因为渗透物间隔物适合于最佳的渗透流量。 定制是基于以下发现：随着渗透物间隔物材料的蒸汽输送的阻力逐渐降低，来自模块的总渗透流量通过最大值。 沿着渗透通道的对蒸汽输送的阻力保持在低于对膜通量和膜分离性能具有显着不利影响的值，同时总模块通量处于最佳范围内。 当制造根据本发明的模块时，获得的每单位膜面积的通过量的增加大于补偿由于使用较厚的渗透物间隔物而导致的膜面积的损失。 这些模块对于含有高通量，高分离膜和用于低压蒸发过程是特别有利的。
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48.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4906256A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-06
申请号：US327860
申请日：1989-03-23
IPC分类号： B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D53/22
摘要： A membrane process for separating fluorinated hydrocarbon vapors is disclosed. The process employs a permselective membrane that is selectively permeable to fluorinated hydrocarbons over oxygen or nitrogen. The process involves contacting the feed side of the membrane with a gas mixture containing the fluorinated hydrocarbon vapor, and withdrawing from the permeate side a vapor enriched in the fluorinated hydrocarbon component. The driving force for membrane permeation is preferably provided by maintaining a partial vacuum on the permeate of the membrane. Eighty to 99% of the fluorinated hydrocarbon contained in the feedstream can be removed by the process. The permeate may be sufficiently enriched in fluorinated hydrocarbon to permit recovery and reuse. Very high membrane selectivities are not required.
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公开(公告)号：US4857080A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-15
申请号：US127946
申请日：1987-12-02
CPC分类号： B01D69/02 , B01D67/0072 , B01D69/12 , B01D71/022 , C01B3/503 , B01D2325/022 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/0465 , C01B2203/0475
摘要： An ultrathin, high-flux composite membrane for use in gas separation. The membrane comprises a metal layer, typically 500.ANG. or less thick on a microporous support. The support may be as asymmetric Loeb-Sourirajan type membrane or a two-layer composite of a microporous substrate with a very thin sealing layer. The support gives mechanical strength to the membrane but does not contribute significantly to the selectivity. Optionally the metal layer may be overcoated with a second polymeric sealing layer to plug any defects and to protect the fragile surface from mechanical damage. The membrane is particularly useful in the purfication of hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 用于气体分离的超薄，高通量复合膜。 该膜包含金属层，在微孔载体上通常为500埃或更小。 载体可以是非对称的Loeb-Sourirajan型膜或具有非常薄的密封层的微孔基材的双层复合物。 该载体对膜产生机械强度，但对选择性没有显着影响。 可选地，金属层可以用第二聚合物密封层覆盖以堵塞任何缺陷并保护易碎表面免受机械损伤。 该膜在氢的净化中特别有用。
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50.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09138678B2
公开(公告)日：2015-09-22
申请号：US13370062
申请日：2012-02-09
申请人： Yu Huang , Richard W. Baker , Benjamin McCool , Rong Dong
发明人： Yu Huang , Richard W. Baker , Benjamin McCool , Rong Dong
CPC分类号： B01D53/228 , B01D3/145 , B01D61/362 , B01D71/32 , B01D71/44 , B01D2311/2669 , C07C29/76 , C07C31/08
摘要： Disclosed herein are processes for removing water from organic solvents, such as ethanol. The processes include distillation in two columns operated at sequentially higher pressure, followed by treatment of the overhead vapor by one or two membrane separation steps.
摘要翻译： 本文公开了从有机溶剂如乙醇中除去水的方法。 这些方法包括在连续较高压力下运行的两个塔中进行蒸馏，然后通过一个或两个膜分离步骤处理塔顶蒸气。
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