摘要:
The invention concerns a method for culturing cells in order to produce substances. According to the invention a cell line producing substances is cultured while feeding a nutrient medium in such a manner that glucose limitation occurs in the culture solution. The degree of glucose limitation DGL=qGlc/qGlcmax (qGlc=observed current specific glucose consumption rate; qGlcmax=maximum known specific glucose consumption rate for these cells). DGL is between the limits 0 and 1, where 0 means complete limitation and 1 means no limitations or complete glucose excess. According to the invention DGL is larger or equal to the DGL which only leads to the maintenance of the cell and ≦0.5.
摘要:
A lamp (10, 10′) which comprises at least one base (11, 11′) for connection to a lamp socket on the lamp and at least one LED element (12). The lamp is provided with a plurality of LED elements (12) that are disposed at a distance to the socket and combined to a constructional unit (13, 13′).
摘要:
The invention relates to a low-pressure discharge lamp, having a tubular discharge vessel made from glass, the free ends of which are closed off in a gas tight manner, two electrode systems (3) each having a filament (7), two supply conductors (5, 6) and a bead (8) of glass, the ends of the supply conductors (5, 6) being fused into the ends of the discharge vessel which have been closed off in a gas tight manner and, in order to be held in a region between the filament (7) and the discharge vessel fused seal (2), into the bead (8), and a device for switching off the lamp at the end of its service life, comprising a paste (9) which contains a metal hydride and is fitted to the bead (8). According to the invention, the bead (8) consists of a glass material which has a resistivity of greater 108 Ωcm at 350° C. Moreover, the paste (9) containing the metal hydride is applied to the bead (8) in the radiation shadow with respect to the thermal radiation which emanates from the filament (7) of the lamp in operation, and is not in electrical contact with the supply conductor wires (5, 6) on the bead (8).
摘要:
A reflector lamp may be made with a reflector and base holding a hermeticy sealed bulb. The bulb encloses a filling and a light source, the light source being a high voltage or medium voltage light source in which an operating voltage of at least 80 volts is present. The reflector consists of a basic body with a reflector contour and a neck part attached to a rear portion of the basic body, and a base which is joined to the neck part and which has at least two metallic contact pins with cylindrical seals on an end farthest from the bulb. A current feeder system makes an electrical lead available for use by the light source. The base is formed completely from the same material as the neck part and as an integral part directly on the neck part of the reflector.