摘要:
A process for the preparation of amines of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkylaryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together denote a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.9 alkylene dichain and R.sup.3 or R.sup.5 denotes C.sub.21 -C.sub.200 alkyl, C.sub.21 -C.sub.200 alkenyl or they together form a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylene dichain, by the reaction of olefins of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 have the aforementioned meanings, with ammonia or primary or secondary amines of the general formula III ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the aforementioned meanings, at temperatures ranging from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C. and pressures of from 100 to 300 bar in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the heterogeneous catalysts used are crystalline oxides based on aluminum phosphates and having faujasite structure.
摘要:
A process for preparing amines of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4,R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -alkylaryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -aralkyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are together a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.9 -alkylene dichain, and R.sup.3 or R.sup.5 is C.sub.21 -C.sub.200 -alkyl or C.sub.21 -C.sub.200 -alkenyl or together they are a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkylene dichain, by reacting olefins of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each as defined above, with ammonia or primary or secondary amines of the formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each as defined above, at temperatures from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C. and pressures from 100 to 300 bar in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst using a heterogeneous catalyst comprising hexagonal faujasite.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of aminopropionitriles of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes hydrogen or methyl, wherein ammonia is caused to react with an acrylonitrile of the general formula II ##STR2## In which the substituent has the aforementioned meanings, in a molar ratio of from 1:1 to 500:1 over a heterogenic catalyst at temperatures ranging from 40.degree. to 180.degree. C. and pressures ranging from 10 to 350 bar.
摘要:
A process for the continuous synthesis of dialkyl carbonates of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, by reaction of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanols with carbon monoxide and oxygen at elevated temperature and pressure and in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst dissolved or suspended in the reaction medium, whereina) a gas stream containing carbon monoxide and oxygen is bubbled through the alkanol/catalyst mixture present in the reactor at a rate of from 1 to 100 liters per hours per gram of copper present in the reactor, part of which gas stream reacts with the alkanol to form dialkyl carbonate and water, which components are continuously entrained, together with alkanol, as a gaseous mixture, from the reaction mixture by means of the remaining, unreacted portion of the carbon monoxide/oxygen gas stream, whereuponb) the resulting gaseous mixture is separated, in a separator, into gaseous and liquid phases, the gaseous phase being recycled to the reactor if desired, andc) the liquid phase, which essentially consists of dialkyl carbonate, water and alkanol, is separated into its components, the dialkyl carbonate being isolated and the alkanol, if desired, recycled to the reactor, andd) the liquid in the reactor is replenished by adding fresh or recycled alkanol at the rate at which the alkanol is consumed and discharged.
摘要:
Adipic acid is prepared by a process which comprises the following steps:(a) Hydroformylation of a pentenoic ester by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl or rhodium carbonyl complex with formation of a mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters,(b) isolation of the 5-formylvaleric ester from the resulting mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters, a mixture essentially consisting of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters remaining,(c) dehydrocarbonylation of the mixture consisting essentially of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters in the presence of one or more elements of subgroup 8 of the Periodic Table at from 50.degree. to 400.degree. C. with formation of pentenoic esters, and recycling of the latter to stage (a) for hydroformylation,(d) oxidation of the 5-formylvaleric ester from stage (b) with molecular oxygen or a gas containing molecular oxygen to give a monoester of adipic acid, and(e) hydrolysis of the monoester of adipic acid to give adipic acid.
摘要:
Amines are prepared from an olefin and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine, or a mixture of these, in the presence of a borosilicate or borogermanate zeolite of the pentasil type as a catalyst, by a process in which the amine obtained is isolated from the reaction mixture, and unreacted starting materials are recycled.
摘要:
Amines are prepared from an olefin and ammonia or a primary and/or secondary amine in the presence of a zeolite catalyst of the pentasil type. Iron silicate zeolites of the pentasil type having an SiO.sub.2 /Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio greater than or equal to 10 are preferably used.
摘要翻译:胺在戊烯型沸石催化剂存在下由烯烃和氨或初级和/或仲胺制备。 优选使用SiO 2 / Fe 2 O 3比例大于或等于10的pentasil型铁硅酸盐沸石。
摘要:
Ethylene glycol is prepared from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in homogeneous liquid phase under superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of a rhodium-containing catalyst and in the presence of an organic solvent, the organic solvent used being a C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -n-alkanol and the concentration of this alkanol, based on the total amount of the mixture, constantly being maintained at not less than 50% by weight.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of succinic acid diesters by carbonylation of acrylic acid esters in the presence of alcohols, using a cobalt carbonyl complex as the catalyst and a heterocyclic nitrogen base as the promoter, at 80.degree.-200.degree. C. and under a carbon monoxide pressure of 60-300 bar, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of not less than 20% by weight, based on the amount of all the liquid constituents of the reaction mixture, of an inert liquid and the concentration of the acrylic acid ester is kept, for the predominant part of the reaction time, at below 15% by weight, again based on the amount of all liquid constituents.
摘要:
4-Pentenoates are prepared by isomerization of isomeric pentenoates in the presence of a catalyst, by a process in which isomeric pentenoates are treated at elevated temperatures with an acidic ion exchanger or acidic zeolite which contains a noble metal of group eight of the periodic table, and the 4-pentenoate is distilled off from the reaction mixture.