摘要:
A reference current generating circuit with high current mirror accuracy is provided by low power supply voltage operation. The reference current generating circuit includes a cascode current mirror circuit 1 outputting mirror currents I1 and I2, and a reference current Iref, a current-voltage converter circuit 2 converting the mirror current I1 into a voltage V1, a current-voltage converter circuit 3 converting the mirror current I2 into a voltage V2, a differential amplifier 4 in which the voltage V1 is input to a first input terminal and the voltage V2 is input to a second input terminal, a voltage-current converter circuit 5 converting a voltage V3 output from the differential amplifier 4 into currents I3 and I4, and a current-voltage converter circuit 6 converting the current I3 into a voltage V4 which is output to a gate of a transistor in the cascode current mirror circuit.
摘要:
When a vehicle passes through an intersection that is stored in a collection target intersection database and for which direction-specific probe information is collected, a CPU of a navigation device generates a plurality of direction-specific probe information (entry link, exit link, section travel time, and the like) from a plurality of unit distance section information that is collected within a direction-specific traffic information acquisition section until the vehicle passes through the intersection, an entry link traveled before entering the intersection; and an exit link traveled after passing through the intersection, and transmits these to an information distribution center.
摘要:
When an update instruction to update “A” navigation map information and “B” navigation map information is inputted, a CPU initializes the storage area having stored therein no map information currently in use out of the two storage areas. The CPU then reads, from a CD-ROM, the latest version of the “A” navigation map information or the “B” navigation map information that corresponds to the map information currently in use, and stores it in the initialized storage area. The CPU then updates management information, starts use of the newly stored map information, initializes the storage area having stored therein the map information whose use is stopped out of the two storage areas, reads, from the CD-ROM, the latest version of the “A” navigation map information or the “B” navigation map information not currently in use, and stores it in the initialized storage area.
摘要:
An apparatus is provided for detecting a malfunction occurring in an electromagnetic brake of a robot. In the apparatus, the main relay and the sub-relay are controlled to open the main contact and the sub-contact when the robot is activated. Detecting is then made whether or not the main contact is malfunctioning, by monitoring an energized state of the main contact. Activation of the robot is stopped when the main contact is malfunctioning and the main relay is controlled to close the main contact for a given period of time when that the main contact is operating normally. Detecting is further made as to whether or not the sub-contact is malfunctioning, by monitoring an energized state of the sub-contact The activation of the robot is stopped when the sub-contact is malfunctioning and the main relay is controlled to close the main contact when the sub-contact is operating normally.
摘要:
For interactive operation between different enterprises or organizations, it is necessary to provide high-quality map information by not only displaying the results of retrieval from the map information servers of those organizations in a superimposed manner but also performing distributed retrieval on the basis of a relationship matched in sense between the servers. Thus, an interface is provided in which the optimum relationships between objects provided from the map servers distributed on the Internet environment and objects defined by a desired application are generated and a work of confirmation and modification by a user can easily be done. Thereby, a cost required for a complicated relating procedure indispensable to an interactive operating system is reduced.
摘要:
An LED indication lamp has desired luminous intensity distribution characteristics without need for any light-emitting diode of a special shape. The LED indication lamp comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes and having specified luminous intensity distribution characteristics is further provided with a condenser lens. The light-emitting diodes are arranged in a pattern corresponding to a luminous intensity distribution pattern determined according to the luminous intensity distribution characteristics. The light-emitting diodes thus arranged and the condenser lens are arranged so that light emitted from the light-emitting diodes in the luminous intensity distribution pattern through the condenser lens satisfies the luminous intensity distribution characteristics.
摘要:
To provide a transmission apparatus and a communication system that transmit a plurality of transmission signals riding on different interfering transmission beams, separate and receive the transmission signal at the receiving side, and estimate the original transmission signal by maximum likelihood estimation based on the correlation among the received signals. A transmission apparatus which encodes the transmission signal by an encoding means to generate at least two transmission signals S1 and S2, modulates the signals to the carrier frequencies, weights them and supplies them to the antenna elements, and controls the weights to transmit the modulated output signals by beams partially overlapping each other in space. A reception apparatus which separates and receives the transmission signals by a channel adaptive antenna to receive at least two received signals RS1 and RS2 and estimates the original transmission signal using maximum likelihood estimation, for example, a Viterbi decoding algorithm, based on the correlation between the received signals so as to reduce the error rate of the received signal and realize an improvement of the quality of communication.
摘要:
To provide a lighting apparatus that includes a simple and small moving mechanism capable of changing the light emanation direction and that has superior heat dissipation properties, the lighting apparatus includes a light-emitting unit, and a heat dissipation unit for dissipating heat generated by the light-emitting unit during light emission, wherein a heat transfer unit is connected between the light-emitting unit and the heat dissipation unit, and the light-emitting unit is in surface contact with the heat transfer unit and is connected with the heat transfer unit to be rotatable with one point or one line in the center.
摘要:
In applying an intermediate coating layer of thermoplastic resin onto the periphery of a central tensile member and applying a main coating of polyethylene resin, having continuous spiral grooves that are for accommodating optical fibers and are inverted periodically in direction along the length direction, onto the outer periphery of the abovementioned intermediate coating layer, a cooling medium is blown or made to flow with priority onto the grooves after melt discharge to form a spacer with which even though the minimum rib thickness of the ribs that define the abovementioned spiral grooves is 1.0 mm or less, the groove inclination angle α of the spacer cross section at the inversion parts is 18° or less.
摘要:
A method of producing polyvinyl alcohol polymer, with which a high-strength polyvinyl alcohol polymer with a high degree of saponification can be obtained, the polyvinyl ester saponification process can be linked directly with the spinning process, in which the polyvinyl alcohol polymer is made into fiber, the mole ratio of alcohol with respect to the polyvinyl alcohol can be freely selected, and the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol obtained by the saponification reaction is high. The polyvinyl alcohol polymer that is obtained by this method exhibits a high block character value and is excellent in randomness is provided, wherein a polyvinyl ester is subject to a saponification reaction in an alcohol-containing organic solvent under the presence of a saponification catalyst and the saponification is carried out while distilling off the carboxylic acid ester that is produced by the saponification reaction.