摘要:
An organic electroluminescent apparatus includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a first sealing portion that seals the first and second substrates so as to form a closed space between the first and second substrates, an organic light-emitting element that is disposed on the first substrate in the closed space and includes an organic light-emitting layer mainly composed of an organic light-emitting material, a second sealing portion that is disposed on the organic light-emitting element and seals the organic light-emitting element, and a drying agent film that is formed in a region surrounded by the first and second sealing portions and is mainly composed of a drying agent.
摘要:
The invention provides an organic EL device and a method for driving the organic electroluminescent device, that is adapted to perform satisfactorily multicolor (plural colors) luminescence with a simplified structure, and to provide an illumination device and electronic apparatus including the organic electroluminescent device. The device can include a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode that are formed on a substrate. A first organic luminescence layer can be formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a second organic luminescence layer can be formed between the second electrode and the third electrode. The first electrode and the third electrode are electrically coupled to each other. The second electrode has transparency, and at least one of the first electrode and the third electrode has transparency. There can also be included a power switching unit for enabling switching between forward driving which allows the first electrode and the third electrode to serve as an anode and allows the second electrode to serve as a cathode, and inverse driving which allows the first electrode and the third electrode to serve as a cathode and allows the second electrode to serve as an anode.
摘要:
The invention enhances or optimizes chromaticity of light in a light-emitting device that includes light-emitting layers. A light-emitting device includes light-emitting layers and electrode layers. The light extracted from the light-emitting device includes the light, which is incident from the light-emitting layers to the electrode layers. The film thicknesses of the electrode layers (transparent layers) are set so that the chromaticity of the extracted light approaches a predetermined value.
摘要:
The invention enhances or optimizes chromaticity of light in a light-emitting device that includes light-emitting layers. A light-emitting device includes light-emitting layers and electrode layers. The light extracted from the light-emitting device includes the light, which is incident from the light-emitting layers to the electrode layers. The film thicknesses of the electrode layers (transparent layers) are set so that the chromaticity of the extracted light approaches a predetermined value.
摘要:
To provide an organic EL device which, with simple configuration, exhibits a high brightness, a high light-emitting efficiency and a long life span in organic light-emitting layers for all colors, and has excellent conservation stability to heat. An organic EL device of the present invention has a laminate comprising an anode and a cathode with an organic light-emitting layer interposed therebetween. The organic light-emitting layer is made of a high-molecular-weight light-emitting material. Further, the cathode comprises a first layer made of fluoride or oxide of an alkali metallic material, fluoride or oxide of an alkali earth metallic material, or complex or compound of an organic material, and a second layer made of a magnesium alloy. Here, the first layer and the second layer are sequentially deposited on the organic light-emitting layer.
摘要:
The invention provides an organic electro-luminescence device which can be used as a cover glass of a wristwatch or the like by virtue of its transparency, produces a plurality of colors, illuminates and displays at the same time, and is formed by an easy method. A transparent organic EL device emitting yellow light is formed on a first surface of a substrate by being patterned so as to display characters. A transparent organic EL device emitting blue light is formed on a second surface by being patterned so as to generate light at the overall surface of the substrate.
摘要:
An image formation method which remarkably extends developer life while providing size reduction and high speed coloring. Also, a replenishing toner and a method of producing the same, and a toner cartridge. In the image formation method, conducting image formation by an image formation apparatus having a plurality of xerography units, the developer apparatus of at least one xerography unit has a developer recovering mechanism appropriately replenishing a replenishing toner composed of a toner and a carrier into the developer apparatus and recovering an excess portion of a developer from the equipment. The above-mentioned replenishing toner has a carrier content in the range of 5 to 40% by weight, the above-mentioned carrier is a carrier coated with a resin having a specific composition, and/or the above-mentioned toner is in a specific shape. The replenishing toner may be produced using the above-mentioned recovered developer.
摘要:
An improved arrangement for controlling the valve operation of an internal combustion engine wherein the control valves are mounted within perpendicularly extending bores formed in the cylinder head and camshaft bearing cap with the bores being deep enough so that the valves do not project significantly beyond the cylinder head. In addition, one or more of the connecting passages are formed by grooves in the mating surfaces of the cylinder head and bearing cap to avoid the necessity of drillings and particularly of drilling blind bores.
摘要:
The invention provides a linear organic electroluminescent light source which is high in brightness and capable of realizing white color. A brighter light source can be obtained compared with a light source having only one organic electroluminescent element by forming the organic electroluminescent element to have at least one organic layer, which emits light, on both sides of a transparent substrate, and covering the transparent substrate with a mirror which is high in reflectance except one end face of the transparent substrate. When the same brightness as that of a light source having one element is obtained, the power consumption can be suppressed. The light source can thus emit white light.
摘要:
A one-component developer comprising an external additive, and toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the external additive contains a titanium compound obtained by the reaction of TiO(OH).sub.2 and a silane compound, and an image forming method using the one-component developer are disclosed. The one-component developer and the image forming method provide excellent flow and a narrow charge distribution, can reduce fluctuation of the charge property due to the environmental change, and can thus form a high-quality image without fogging and the damage to a latent image retainer by filming can be prevented.