摘要:
In one aspect, a method for forming CIGSSe-based thin films includes depositing at least two layers of particles on a substrate. At least one layer includes a CIGSSe particle having a chemical composition denoted by Cu(InI-xGax)(S1-ySey)2 where 0≦x ≦1 and 0≦y≦1. The particle layers are annealed individually or in combination to form a CIGSSe thin film having a composition profile along the depth of the film In addition, one or more of the particle layers may be also deposited on a pre-existing absorber and annealed to form a film having a composition profile along the depth of the film After depositing thin film precursor layers containing CIGSSe nanoparticles (and/or any other particles) on a suitable substrate in accordance with a desired concentration profile, a subsequent treatment under an Se and/or S containing atmosphere at elevated temperature may be used to convert the precursor layers into a CIGSSe absorber film In a further aspect, a method for forming multinary metal chalcogenide semiconductor layers directly on a substrate from a solution of precursors, includes depositing a plurality of metal chalcogenide particles onto a substrate to form a precursor film A species containing a metal, chalcogen, or combination thereof is dissolved in a solution containing one or more solvents to form a liquid chalcogen medium. The precursor film is contacted with the liquid chalcogen medium at a temperature of at least 50 C to form a multinary metal chalcogenide thin film
摘要:
A method for synthesizing a chalcogenide nanoparticle is provided. The method comprises reacting a metal component with an elemental chalcogen precursor in the presence of an organic solvent. The chalcogenide nanoparticles include ternary, binary and/or multinary chalcogenide nanoparticles and the metal component comprises metal halides or elemental metal precursors. The alkylamine solvent has a normal boiling temperature of above about 220° C. and an average particle size of from about 5 nm to about 1000 nm.
摘要:
Collecting and distributing information related to recent content publication activity of an instant messaging (IM) user provides other users in a network with timely, relevant information about people known to the user or within the same social network. A user participating in a social network can quickly and efficiently perceive new information related to other users (referred to as co-users) in a social network by reviewing the co-users' recent content publication activity. A user may be made able to do so without requiring the co-user to send a communication directly to the user regarding the new facts or new content, and also without requiring the user to actively browse or request information about the co-user.
摘要:
A method, system, business method, and computer program product for retrieving and organizing networked data, wherein fetch rules and extraction rules enable a user to automatically collect and extract information from a remote network site. The fetch rules reproduce the interaction a client executes if interacting directly with the remote site, so a server cannot be shut out. The extraction rules allow the client, preferably via an applet, to glean relevant information from the acquired pages for presentation in a general interface. As an electronic commerce business method, information about remote site responsiveness, fetch rules, and extraction rules may be shared between server and client for a fee. The server accumulates vendor contacts, stores query rules, and provides common interface rules. The invention can gather statistics on vendor responsiveness and can resell information to vendors or others.
摘要:
Data from a click log may be used to generate training data for a search engine. The pages clicked as well as the pages skipped by a user may be used to assess the relevance of a page to a query. Labels for training data may be generated based on data from the click log. The labels may pertain to the relevance of a page to a query.
摘要:
Apparatus, and an associated method, for adaptively controlling filter characteristics of a filter forming part of a receive station, such as a mobile station operable in a cellular communication system. An adaptive parameter unit is provided with signal representations of signals that are to be applied to the filter element. The adaptive parameter unit, responsive to measurement or other analysis of the signal indicia, selects the filter characteristics to be exhibited by the filter. And, the filter characteristics are caused to be selected responsive thereto. Dynamic selection and reselection of the filter characteristics is effectuated in which the response time of the filter is minimized during good signal conditions and increased, to permit increased filter operations, during weak signal conditions.
摘要:
A privacy-preserving index system addresses the problem of providing a privacy-preserving search over distributed access-controlled content. Indexed documents can be readily reconstructed from inverted indexes used in the search. The privacy-preserving index system builds a centralized privacy-preserving index in conjunction with a distributed access-control enforcing search protocol. The privacy-preserving index utilizes a randomized algorithm for constructing a privacy-preserving index. The privacy-preserving index is strongly resilient to privacy breaches. The privacy-preserving index system allows content providers to maintain complete control in defining access groups and ensuring its compliance, and further allows system implementors to retain tunable knobs to balance privacy and efficiency concerns for their particular domains.
摘要:
Production of synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuel from carbon containing moieties such as biomass, coal, methane, naphtha as a carbon source and hydrogen from a carbon-free energy source is disclosed. The biomass can be fed to a gasifier along with hydrogen, oxygen, steam and recycled carbon dioxide. The synthesis gas from the gasifier exhaust is sent to a liquid hydrocarbon conversion reactor to form liquid hydrocarbon molecules. Unreacted CO & H2 can be recycled to the gasifier along with CO2 from the liquid hydrocarbon conversion reactor system. Hydrogen can be obtained from electrolysis of water, thermo-chemical cycles or directly by using energy from carbon-free energy sources.
摘要翻译:公开了从含碳部分如生物质,煤,甲烷,作为碳源的石脑油和来自无碳能源的氢生产合成液体烃燃料。 生物质可以与氢气,氧气,蒸汽和再循环的二氧化碳一起进料到气化炉。 来自气化器排气的合成气被送入液态烃转化反应器以形成液态烃分子。 未反应的CO和H 2可以与CO 2 H 2从液态烃转化反应器系统再循环到气化器中。 氢可以通过电解水,热化学循环或直接使用无碳能源的能源获得。
摘要:
Collecting and distributing information related to recent content publication activity of an instant messaging (IM) user provides other users in a network with timely, relevant information about people known to the user or within the same social network. A user participating in a social network can quickly and efficiently perceive new information related to other users (referred to as co-users) in a social network by reviewing the co-users' recent content publication activity. A user may be made able to do so without requiring the co-user to send a communication directly to the user regarding the new facts or new content, and also without requiring the user to actively browse or request information about the co-user.
摘要:
A system, method, computer program product, and data management service that allows any comparison operation to be applied on encrypted data, without first decrypting the operands. The encryption scheme of the invention allows equality and range queries as well as the aggregation operations of MAX, MIN, and COUNT. The GROUPBY and ORDERBY operations can also be directly applied. Query results produced using the invention are sound and complete, the invention is robust against cryptanalysis, and its security strictly relies on the choice of a private key. Order-preserving encryption allows standard database indexes to be built over encrypted tables. The invention can easily be integrated with existing systems.