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公开(公告)号：US5207805A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-04
申请号：US860296
申请日：1992-03-27
申请人： Bodo Kalen , Nicholas L. Giuricich
发明人： Bodo Kalen , Nicholas L. Giuricich
摘要： An improved cyclone separator and method of construction are disclosed. Such cyclone separators are employed for separating particulates from hot gas entering the separator barrel through an axially disposed slot in its periphery. An improvement in efficiency and recovery of very small particulates is achieved by making the slot very narrow so that the particulates enter the barrel very near its inner surface, thus having less distance to travel under centrifugal force in order to reach said inner surface. In accomplishing this objective, however, it has been discovered that, for the particular inlet gas velocity selected, the structure under certain design conditions will act as a cavity resonator with the characteristic frequencies of the cavity matching the frequency of the incoming gas as it rotates in the barrel, thus causing the structure to function as a resonator thereby destroying the efficiency or, in extreme cases, having catastrophic results (in the mathematical sense). The application explains how this hazard can be avoided. The separator unit is provided with a novel converging inlet to enhance separation efficiency, and a method is provided for increasing bypass of particulate past the separator units without adversely affecting the operation thereof.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的旋风分离器和结构方法。 这种旋风分离器用于通过其周边中的轴向设置的槽将从进入分离器筒的热气体中分离出来。 通过使狭槽非常小，使得微粒在其内表面附近非常接近，从而具有较少的距离，以便在离心力下到达所述内表面，实现了非常小的颗粒的效率和回收率的提高。 然而，为了实现这一目的，已经发现，对于所选择的特定入口气体速度，在某些设计条件下的结构将用作空腔谐振器，其中腔的特征频率与入口气体的频率匹配，随着其旋转 因此导致结构作为谐振器起作用，从而破坏效率，或者在极端情况下具有灾难性的结果（在数学意义上）。 该应用程序解释了如何避免这种危害。 分离器单元设置有新的会聚入口以提高分离效率，并且提供了用于增加颗粒越过分离器单元的旁路而不会不利地影响其操作的方法。
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62.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5190650A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-02
申请号：US720056
申请日：1991-06-24
CPC分类号： B04C5/04 , B01J8/0055 , B04C5/28 , C10G11/18
摘要： Accordingly, the present invention, in one embodiment, encompasses an apparatus for the fluidized catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feed comprising: a riser which is generally vertically positioned within a catalyst disengaging zone and which has a plurality of openings around the circumference of the riser at its discharge end. The openings in the riser have a vertical stub portion that extends tangentially outwardly from the riser and communicates with a first end of an upwardly sloping curvilinear tunnel that terminates at a second end. The second end of the tunnel opens into a tangential opening in the primary cyclone. The area of the opening of the first end of the tunnel is larger than the area of the opening of the second end of the tunnel.
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公开(公告)号：US4891129A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-02
申请号：US907338
申请日：1986-09-15
申请人： Peter H. Barnes
发明人： Peter H. Barnes
CPC分类号： C10G11/18 , B01J8/0055 , B04C5/28 , B04C9/00
摘要： An apparatus suitable for solids-fluid (e.g. cracking catalyst/hydrocarbon vapor) separation is disclosed having a plurality of substantially vertical tubular elements disposed within a housing. Inlet means are arranged in the bottom section of the housing and communicate with the space between the tubular elements and the housing. A plurality of tubular fluid outlet means are provided, the lower sections of which are arranged substantially coaxially within the upper sections of said tubular elements and define annular spaces therebetween in which swirl imparting means are arranged. The upper sections of the tubular fluid outlet means cooperate with opening(s) in the upper section of the housing, and the lower sections of the tubular elements communicating with solids outlet means. The invention further relates to a process for separating fluid cracking catalyst particles from gaseous hydrocarbon conversion products and/or flue gases using said apparatus.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种适用于固体 - 流体（例如裂化催化剂/烃蒸气）分离的装置，其具有设置在壳体内的多个基本垂直的管状元件。 入口装置设置在壳体的底部部分中并与管状元件和壳体之间的空间连通。 提供了多个管状流体出口装置，其下部部分基本上同轴地布置在所述管状元件的上部内，并且在其间限定环形空间，其中设置有涡流施加装置。 管状流体出口装置的上部与壳体上部的开口配合，并且管状元件的下部与固体出口装置连通。 本发明还涉及使用所述装置从气态烃转化产物和/或烟道气分离流体裂解催化剂颗粒的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4842145A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-27
申请号：US89262
申请日：1987-08-25
申请人： John D. Boadway
发明人： John D. Boadway
摘要： A special form of fluid cyclone in which the velocity energy in the exit fluid is converted into exit pressure, thus permitting the device to discharge to atmospheric pressure or a higher pressure while a vacuum may exist in the central core of the vortex. A vortex finder defines an uninterrupted annular outlet passage that gradually increases in cross sectional flow area from an axial inlet to a tangential outlet. The length of the axial inlet portion is sufficiently long relative to the radial portion to insure a gradual transition of velocity energy into pressure, thereby avoiding vortex instability in the outlet passage.
摘要翻译： 流体旋流器的特殊形式，其中出口流体中的速度能量转换为出口压力，从而允许装置排出到大气压力或更高的压力，同时在涡流的中心核心中可能存在真空。 涡流发现器定义了一个不间断的环形出口通道，其从轴向入口到切向出口的横截面积面积逐渐增加。 轴向入口部分的长度相对于径向部分足够长，以确保速度能量逐渐过渡到压力，从而避免出口通道中的涡流不稳定性。
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公开(公告)号：US4822551A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US142920
申请日：1988-01-12
IPC分类号： B01D17/038 , B04C5/24 , B04C5/26 , B04C5/28 , B04C5/30
摘要： Provided is a method of making a cyclone having an ejection moulded plastic inner body.
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公开(公告)号：US4687497A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-18
申请号：US912287
申请日：1986-09-29
申请人： Hartley Owen , James H. Haddad
发明人： Hartley Owen , James H. Haddad
CPC分类号： C10G11/182 , B01D45/12 , B01J8/0055 , B04C5/28 , B04C9/00
摘要： A catalyst recovery apparatus is provided for separating finely divided solid particles from a hot gas stream comprising a vertical metal shell having a lower hot gas inlet and an upper clean gas outlet, a plurality of thermally expandable metal cyclone assemblies supported at their top regions by a horizontal plate, each of the cyclone assemblies having a downwardly extending dip-leg which exits into a centrally disposed solids collector, a vertically slidable particle collector outlet conduit which extends from the collector bottom downwardly through the enclosed shell, and a compressible seal means or packing gland arrangement disposed around the collector outlet conduit and comprising an annular packing holding member, a vertically movable packing compression member, and a compressible packing material.
摘要翻译： 提供一种催化剂回收装置，用于从热气流中分离细分散的固体颗粒，该热气流包括垂直金属壳体，该垂直金属壳体具有下部热气体入口和上部清洁气体出口，多个可热膨胀金属旋风组件，其顶部区域由 水平板，每个旋风组件具有向下延伸的倾斜腿，其离开中心设置的固体收集器，垂直可滑动的颗粒收集器出口导管，其从收集器底部向下延伸穿过封闭壳体，以及可压缩密封装置或包装 压盖布置设置在收集器出口导管周围，并且包括环形填料保持构件，可垂直移动的填料压缩构件和可压缩填料。
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公开(公告)号：US4674418A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-23
申请号：US706546
申请日：1985-02-28
申请人： Wolfgang Schafer
发明人： Wolfgang Schafer
CPC分类号： C10J3/20 , B04C11/00 , B04C5/28 , C10J3/06 , C10J3/48 , C10J3/56 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/84 , C10J2300/093
摘要： A cyclone arrangement for cleaning gas from a gas generator for gasifying coal which is exhausted at high pressures. The invention proposes that the cyclone arrangement for the cleaning of crude gas includes at least two cyclones connected in parallel on their input sides, which cyclones can be turned on and off individually. Thereby a dry cleaning of the crude gas can be performed with only a slight temperature loss. The quantity of gas corresponding to the optimum cleaning efficiency can be adjusted to the quantity of gas either discharged from the gas generator or actually required for the pressurization of the steam generator by adjusting the number of cyclones put into operation, without the need for the inclusion of buffer capacities. The gas generator comprises a pressurized fixed bed reactor.
摘要翻译： 用于从气体发生器中清除气体的气旋装置，用于气化在高压下排出的煤。 本发明提出，用于清洁粗气体的旋风装置包括在其输入侧平行连接的至少两个旋风分离器，该旋风分离器可单独打开和关闭。 因此，可以仅用轻微的温度损失来进行粗气体的干洗。 对应于最佳清洁效率的气体量可以调整为从气体发生器排放的气体量，或通过调节投入运行的旋风分离器的数量实际上需要蒸汽发生器所需的气体量，而不需要包含 的缓冲容量。 气体发生器包括加压固定床反应器。
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公开(公告)号：US4670023A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-02
申请号：US706545
申请日：1985-02-28
申请人： Wolfgang Schafer
发明人： Wolfgang Schafer
摘要： A coal gasifier has a fluidized bed reactor. The gasifier has a series of cyclones connected to an outlet of the gasifier to clean the gas generated by the fluidized bed reactor to isolate particulate matter. The cyclones are turned on and off individually to compensate for the variations in the gas output of the fluidized bed reactor.
摘要翻译： 煤气化炉具有流化床反应器。 气化器具有连接到气化器的出口的一系列旋风分离器，以清洁由流化床反应器产生的气体以分离颗粒物质。 单独打开和关闭旋风分离器以补偿流化床反应器的气体输出的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4650584A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-17
申请号：US542678
申请日：1983-10-17
申请人： Jacek J. Macierewicz
发明人： Jacek J. Macierewicz
CPC分类号： F16J15/021 , B04C11/00 , B04C5/28 , Y10S277/918
摘要： A novel seal arrangement is provided for use in processing apparatus of the type including a partition for separating zones of relatively high and low pressures. At least one aperture is provided in such partition, the aperture having a wall. A processing unit (such as a hydrocyclone) has a portion thereof located in such aperture so that an annular region is defined between such unit and the aperture wall. An annular seal of resiliently deformable material is located in this annular region and provides a seal between the above noted zones. This seal is of cup-shaped form and includes an annular outer seal lip which is radially spaced form the processing unit. This seal outer lip is connected to the remainder of the seal via an end wall. The seal outer lip has inner and outer surfaces and a free annular edge remote from the end wall. This inner surface is exposed, in use, to the zone of higher pressure such that the outer surface of the seal lip sealingly engages the wall of the aperture under the influence of the differential pressures acting on it. The seal is located relative to the wall of the aperture and the wall of the aperture is of such dimension that the sealing engagement between the wall and the outer surface of the seal lip occurs in an annular sealing region located generally between and spaced from both the seal end wall and the free annular edge of the seal lip.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种新颖的密封装置，用于包括用于分离相对高低压区域的分隔件的加工装置中。 在这种隔板中设置至少一个孔，孔具有壁。 处理单元（例如水力旋流器）具有位于该孔中的部分，使得在该单元和孔壁之间限定环形区域。 可弹性变形材料的环形密封件位于该环形区域中，并且在上述区域之间提供密封。 该密封件是杯形的并且包括从处理单元径向间隔开的环形外部密封唇缘。 该密封外唇通过端壁连接到密封件的其余部分。 密封外唇具有内表面和外表面以及远离端壁的自由环形边缘。 该内表面在使用中暴露于更高压力的区域，使得密封唇的外表面在作用在其上的压差的影响下密封地接合孔的壁。 密封件相对于孔的壁定位，并且孔的壁具有这样的尺寸，使得密封唇的壁和外表面之间的密封接合发生在环形密封区域中，环形密封区域通常位于两个 密封端壁和密封唇的自由环形边缘。
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公开(公告)号：US4624691A
公开(公告)日：1986-11-25
申请号：US707674
申请日：1985-03-04
申请人： Horst W. Schneider
发明人： Horst W. Schneider
摘要： A cyclone separator and an installation of such a separator in a processing vessel are set forth which conditions the inlet flow to prevent the depositing of particulates at the cyclone inlet. The separator is disposed in a cylindrical enclosure represented by the processing vessel. The enclosure has an inner surface and defines a chamber to receive the gas and entrained particulates. Disposed within the chamber is the smaller diameter cyclone separator having a cylindrical wall. To admit gas, the separator wall has an inlet, one side boundary of which is arranged tangential with the enclosure inner surface, the other side boundary being spaced from the surface to define an axially extending, scroll-shaped envelope between the enclosure inner surface, the cyclone wall and its inlet. A flow conditioning surface is provided between the vessel inner surface and cyclone wall, the flow conditioning surface having a trailing edge at the cyclone inlet and a leading edge to accelerate the gas flow preferably to a velocity or a range of velocities acceptable by the cyclone for efficient separation without the creation of wake turbulents, eddies or the like, which would result in the deposit of particulates at the cyclone separator unit. A flow directing surface may be disposed within the cyclone to turn the gas stream and impart an accelerated downward velocity to the particulates as they flow around the cyclone.
摘要翻译： 阐述了一种旋风分离器和这种分离器在处理容器中的安装，其规定了入口流动以防止在旋风入口处沉积微粒。 分离器设置在由处理容器表示的圆柱形封闭件中。 外壳具有内表面并且限定了容纳气体和夹带的颗粒的室。 设置在室内的是具有圆柱形壁的较小直径的旋风分离器。 为了承认气体，分离器壁具有入口，其一侧边界与外壳内表面相切地设置，另一侧边界与表面间隔开，以在外壳内表面之间限定一个轴向延伸的涡旋形封套， 旋风墙及其入口。 流动调节表面设置在容器内表面和旋风分离器壁之间，流动调节表面在旋风入口处具有后缘，并且前缘用于加速气流，优选地以旋风分离器可接受的速度或一定范围 有效分离而不产生尾流湍流，涡流等，这将导致颗粒沉积在旋风分离器单元上。 流动引导表面可以设置在旋风分离器内以转动气流，并且当它们围绕旋风分离器流动时，赋予颗粒加速的向下速度。
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