Abstract:
There is disclosed second-order nonlinear glass material wherein a part having second-order nonlinearity contain Ge, H and OH and second-order nonlinear optical constant d of 1 pm/V or more, and a method for producing second-order nonliner glass material comprising treating a porous class material containing Ge with hydrohen, sintering it and subjecting it to a ultraviolet poling treatment. There can be provided second-order nonlinger glass material having second-order nonlinearity which is a sufficiently high and has a sufficiently long lifetime for a practical purpose, in use of the glass material for optical elements or the like.
Abstract:
A rare earth element-doped multiple-core optical fiber has an outer cladding layer and a plurality of cores each covered with a primary cladding layer. The cores are positioned substantially on a central axis of the outer cladding layer and separated with a predetermined spacing S from each other by the primary cladding layer. The outer cladding layers are made of SiO.sub.2, or SiO.sub.2 added with a dopant like F, Ge, etc. The primary cladding layer is made of SiO.sub.2 doped with Er, or SiO.sub.2 doped with Er and F together and formed to have a predetermined thickness of 1.0 .mu.m.about.1.5 .mu.m to form the predetermined spacing S. The Soot glass rods for cores and primary cladding layers are immersed in an Er-compound solution, then picked up, dried and consolidated to form Er--Al co-doped SiO.sub.2 --GeO.sub.2 transparent glass rods. The glass rods are inserted into a quartz tube and collapsed by heat to fabricate an optical fiber preform rod, then heated to be drawn to provide an Er-doped multiple-core optical fiber.
Abstract:
The invention relates to screening of patients to determine the possible presence of Kawasaki Disease. The screening involves assaying for levels of V.beta.2 or V.beta.8.1 by immunoassay, or for the mRNA expressing either of these V.beta. elements. The polymerase chain reaction is one way the mRNA level can be determined. Once the levels in the patient are determined, they are compared to normal levels. An increase is indicative of possible Kawasaki Disease.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a one-component developing apparatus in which a developing agent scale-off member such as a wire member is provided parallel to the surface of the developing agent carrier so as to be in contact with or in close proximity to a developing agent carrier. A developing agent thin layer formed on the surface of the developing agent carrier which did not contribute to development in a development region comes into contact with the developing agent scale-off member so as to be forcibly scaled off of the developing agent carrier, so that the image history is erased. When the developing agent scale-off member is made to vibrate, or a bias voltage is applied between the developing agent scale-off member and the developing agent carrier, the developing agent may be scaled off more efficiently.