公开(公告)号：US5315437A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-24

申请号：US884038

申请日：1992-05-21

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Kwong M. Yoo

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Kwong M. Yoo

IPC: A61F9/02 ,  G02B5/28 ,  G02F1/35

CPC classification number: G02B5/285 ,  A61F9/022 ,  G02F1/3511

Abstract: A protective device designed to protect eyes and sensitive photodetectors from high-intensity light over a broad spectral bandwidth while permitting low-intensity and ambient light to be transmitted thereto. In a first embodiment, the device comprises a stack of nonlinear materials having the same linear index of refraction but alternating between a relatively high nonlinear index of refraction and a relatively low nonlinear index of refraction. The respective optical thicknesses of the nonlinear materials are unordered. In a second embodiment, the device comprises a stack of nonlinear materials having the same linear index of refraction and the same optical thickness of a one-half wavelength but unordered nonlinear indices of refraction. In a third embodiment, the device comprises a stack of nonlinear materials having linear indices of refraction alternating between a relatively high linear index of refraction and a relatively low index of refraction and nonlinear indices of refraction which are unordered. The respective optical thicknesses of the nonlinear materials are designed so that the materials are optimally transmissive in the linear domain. In a fourth embodiment, the device comprises a stack of nonlinear materials having the same linear index of refraction but unordered optical thicknesses and nonlinear indices of refraction.

Abstract translation: 一种保护装置，设计用于在宽光谱带宽内保护眼睛和敏感光电探测器免受高强度光线的影响，同时允许将低强度和环境光传输到其上。 在第一实施例中，该装置包括具有相同线性折射率但在相对高的非线性折射率与相对低的非线性折射率之间交替的非线性材料的堆叠。 非线性材料的各自的光学厚度是无序的。 在第二实施例中，该装置包括具有相同线性折射率和相当于半波长但无序非线性折射率的相同光学厚度的非线性材料的堆叠。 在第三实施例中，该装置包括一组非线性材料，其具有在相对高的线性折射率和相对较低的折射率之间交替的线性折射率和无序的非线性折射率。 非线性材料的各自的光学厚度被设计成使得材料在线性域中是最佳透射的。 在第四实施例中，该装置包括具有相同线性折射率但是无序的光学厚度和非线性折射率的非线性材料的堆叠。

公开(公告)号：US4987575A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-22

申请号：US450462

申请日：1989-12-14

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Vladimir Petricevic

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Vladimir Petricevic

IPC: H01S3/16

CPC classification number: H01S3/16 ,  H01S3/1623 ,  H01S3/1655 ,  H01S3/1658

Abstract: A laser-medium in the form of a dielectric crystal or glass doped with tetravalent chromium. The dielectric crystals are of olivine-like structure such as germanates of formula (A) (RE)GeO.sub.4 where (A=Na or Li, RE=Y, Lu or Gd), crystals of willemite structure Zn.sub.2 (Si or Ge)O.sub.4 tetrahedral sites, or any other single-crystal or polycrystalline compound containing the (Si.Ge)O.sub.4 tetrahedra in its crystal lattice, such as Ca.sub.3 La.sub.2 (SiO.sub.4).sub.6 and crystals such as YAG (Y.sub.3 Al.sub.5 O.sub.12).

Abstract translation: 介电晶体形式的激光介质或掺有四价铬的玻璃。 介电晶体为橄榄石状结构，如式（A）（RE）GeO4的锗酸盐，其中（A = Na或Li，RE = Y，Lu或Gd），硅锌矿结构Zn2（Si或Ge） 或其晶格中含有（Si.Ge）O4四面体的任何其它单晶或多晶化合物，如Ca3La2（SiO4）6和晶体如YAG（Y3Al5O12）。

公开(公告)号：US4969156A

公开(公告)日：1990-11-06

申请号：US87777

申请日：1987-08-21

Applicant: Norman H. Schiller ,  Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Norman H. Schiller ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC: H01S3/081 ,  H01S3/086 ,  H01S3/105

CPC classification number: H01S3/081 ,  H01S3/086 ,  H01S3/105

Abstract: A laser is disclosed which includes an optical path length extender for increasing the optical path length of the laser cavity. The path length extender, which is disposed inside the laser cavity itself, includes a set of three curved mirrors each having the same curvature. The three mirrors are spaced and angularly positioned such that light entering the path length extender is reflected back and forth about the three mirrors a defined number of times before exiting the path length extender. By rotating one or two of the mirrors the number of reflections within the set of mirrors can be changed. The laser cavity configuration is particularly useful in a pulse laser for increasing the optical path length of the cavity for the purpose of increasing the pulse to pulse separation of the emitted pulses, when such an increase is desired, but is not limited exclusively to pulse lasers.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种激光器，其包括用于增加激光腔的光程长度的光程长度延长器。 设置在激光腔本身内的路径长度扩展器包括一组三个具有相同曲率的弯曲镜。 三个反射镜间隔开并成角度地定位，使得进入路径长度扩展器的光在离开路径长度扩展器之前在三个反射镜周围反复前后定义。 通过旋转一个或两个反射镜，镜子组内的反射数可以改变。 激光腔配置在用于增加腔的光程长度的脉冲激光器中是特别有用的，以便在需要这种增加时增加脉冲到脉冲的脉冲间隔，但不限于脉冲激光 。

公开(公告)号：US4956548A

公开(公告)日：1990-09-11

申请号：US294182

申请日：1989-01-06

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping P. Ho

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping P. Ho

IPC: G01R13/20 ,  H01J31/50

CPC classification number: H01J31/502 ,  G01R13/20

Abstract: An oscilloscope constructed for use in real time resolving an ultrafast voltage signal includes a streak camera having a transmission line photocarthode, a constant light source for illuminating the photocathode, an input coupled to the transmission line photocathode, an accellerating mesh, a pair of sweep electrodes, electron multiplication means, a phosphor screen and a DC high voltage source. In use, the voltage signal to be examined is applied to the input. When the voltage signal on propagating through the photocathode intersects in time and space on the photocathode with the light from the light source, a number of electrons proportional to the intensity of the voltage signal are emitted from the photocathode. These electrons are then accelerated, deflected by the pair of sweep electrodes, multiplied by the microchannel plate and then impinge upon the phosphor screen, creating an optical image having an intensity proportional to the number of impinging electrons. The image on the phosphor screen is recorded by a video camera, processed by a computer and then displayed on a monitor. In another embodiment, the streak camera includes a second photocathode with input signals being applied to either one or both photocathodes. In other embodiments, a photomultiplier tube having a pair of transmission line photocathodes are described.

Abstract translation: 构造用于实时分辨超快速电压信号的示波器包括具有传输线光电面的条纹相机，用于照射光电阴极的恒定光源，耦合到传输线光电阴极的输入端，加速网格，一对扫描电极 ，电子倍增装置，荧光屏和DC高电压源。 在使用中，要检查的电压信号被施加到输入端。 当通过光电阴极传播的电压信号与来自光源的光在光电阴极上的时间和空间相交时，与光电阴极发射与电压信号的强度成比例的多个电子。 然后，这些电子被一对扫描电极加速偏转，乘以微通道板，然后撞击到荧光屏上，产生具有与入射电子数成比例的强度的光学图像。 荧光屏上的图像由摄像机记录，由计算机处理，然后显示在监视器上。 在另一个实施例中，条纹相机包括第二光电阴极，其输入信号被施加到一个或两个光电阴极。 在其它实施例中，描述了具有一对传输线光电阴极的光电倍增管。

公开(公告)号：US4682020A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-21

申请号：US585214

申请日：1984-03-01

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano

IPC: G04F13/02 ,  H01J31/50

CPC classification number: G04F13/026

Abstract: A light detector which can be gated on and off in picoseconds is disclosed. The light detector includes a photomultiplier tube and a streak camera, the streak camera having a picosecond sweep time and being disposed so as to serve as a gate for the input to the photomultiplier tube. In operation, light received by the streak camera is converted into a streak image which is formed on the phosphor screen of the streak camera tube, the streak image corresponding to the intensity of light received by the streak camera during the time window of the sweep. Relay optics at the output end of the streak camera images the streak image onto the photocathode of the photomultiplier tube. The input end of the streak camera includes a two lens relay lens system. A variable aperture located between the phosphor screen and the output relay optics limits the portion of the streak image that is collected by the output relay optics and actually imaged onto the photomultiplier tube and hence the portion of the time window during which the photomultiplier tube receives light from the streak camera. A varible delay unit coupled to input of the streak camera enables the time window to be selectively shifted.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种可以以皮秒的形式开启和关闭的光检测器。 光检测器包括光电倍增管和条纹相机，条纹相机具有皮秒扫描时间并且被布置成用作输入到光电倍增管的栅极。 在操作中，由条纹照相机接收的光被转换成形成在条纹相机管的荧光屏上的条纹图像，条纹图像对应于在扫描的时间窗口期间由条纹相机接收的光的强度。 条纹摄像机输出端的继电器光学元件将条纹图像成像到光电倍增管的光电阴极上。 条纹相机的输入端包括双透镜中继透镜系统。 位于荧光屏和输出继电器光学器件之间的可变孔径限制了由输出继电器光学器件收集的实际图像的部分，并实际成像到光电倍增管上，因此限制光电倍增管接收光的时间窗口部分 从条纹相机。 耦合到条纹相机的输入的可变延迟单元能够选择性地移动时间窗口。

公开(公告)号：US4630925A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-23

申请号：US437897

申请日：1982-11-01

Applicant: Norman H. Schiller ,  Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Norman H. Schiller ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01J3/30

CPC classification number: G01N21/6408

Abstract: A temporal spectral photometer for use in obtaining spectral and temporal information simultaneously of an ultrafast pulse of luminescent light emitted from a sample upon excitation thereof includes an excitation section and a detection section. The excitation section includes a picosecond laser for exciting the sample to emit luminescent light and imaging optics for imaging the emitted light. The detection section includes a pin hole slit through which light from the imaging optics is admitted, a streak camera tube, an optical system including a grating for forming an image of the pin hole slit on the photocathode of the streak camera tube and at the same time dispersing the light admitted through the pin hole slit into its component wavelengths, a micrometer assembly mechanically coupled to the grating for selectively changing the wavelength region of dispersed light impinging on the photocathode, a video camera, a camera lens system for imaging the output image formed on the phosphor screen of the streak camera tube onto the input end of the video camera, a digital temporal analyzer coupled to the output of the video camera for digitizing and analyzing image information from the video camera and a video monitor coupled to the output of the temporal analyzer for displaying the analyzed data.

Abstract translation: 用于同时获得从样品发射的发光的超快脉冲的光谱和时间信息的时间光谱光度计包括激发部分和检测部分。 激发部分包括用于激发样品发射发光的皮秒激光器和用于成像发射光的成像光学元件。 检测部分包括一个针孔狭缝，来自成像光学元件的光通过该孔孔，条纹相机管，光学系统，包括用于在条形相机管的光电阴极上形成针孔狭缝的图像的光栅 将通过针孔狭缝进入的光的时间分散成其分量波长，将与光栅机械耦合的微米组件选择性地改变照射在光电阴极上的分散光的波长区域，摄像机，用于对输出图像成像的相机透镜系统 形成在条纹相机管的荧光屏上到摄像机的输入端，耦合到摄像机的输出的数字时间分析器，用于数字化和分析来自摄像机的图像信息，以及耦合到视频摄像机的输出的视频监视器 用于显示分析数据的时间分析器。

公开(公告)号：US20240097393A1

公开(公告)日：2024-03-21

申请号：US18389560

申请日：2023-11-14

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Shah Faisal B. Mazhar

IPC: H01S3/00 ,  G03F7/00

CPC classification number: H01S3/0092 ,  G03F7/70025 ,  H01S3/0057 ,  H01S3/0085

Abstract: Coherent EUV and X-rays beams are generated for photolithography to produce nanometer scale resolution chips by the emission from ionization of Tin (Sn), and other materials (Li, Ar, Kr, and Xe) and HHG, and EUV and X-ray microscopes. Zeptosecond pulses use odd harmonics number from intense femtosecond pulses resulting in Ultra-Supercontinuum (USC) and Higher Harmonic Generation (HHG) produced from electronic Kerr effect.

公开(公告)号：US20220120656A1

公开(公告)日：2022-04-21

申请号：US17503086

申请日：2021-10-15

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Lingyan Shi ,  Binlin Wu

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Lingyan Shi ,  Binlin Wu

IPC: G01N15/06 ,  B01L3/00

Abstract: A Compact Optical Virus Detection Analyzer (COVDA) uses light scattering and fluorescence to detect nanometer (nm) and micrometer (um) sized particles, such as biological particles and can be used to detect viruses such as coronavirus including SAR-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19, pollen and bacteria. It can be used for prescreening, rapid detection of suspicious people. COVDA involves experimental and theoretical methods for particle and virus detection using Tryptophan as a key biomarker. Light sources in compact units include lamps such as Xenon (Xe) lamp with narrow band filters, LEDs (such as AlN) or laser diode, Q switched and mode lock Lasers for nanosecond and picosecond pulses (such as Nd Yag/Glass, Ti sapphire with Harmonic generator) in blue from 400 nm to 500 nm to generate second harmonic generation (SHG) in KDP/BBO crystals to produce 200 nm to 250 nm emission, or green laser pointers at about 530 nm to get emitters with harmonic crystals at about 270 nm or LEDS from 230 nm to 300 nm for pumping the samples at 230 nm to 289 nm to pump tryptophan and light scatter of nanometer particles of virus. The ultra high power ns and ps lasers in mJ to J can level can be used to locate Bio virus bacteria clouds in free space to image and destroy and kill virus.

公开(公告)号：US09322769B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-26

申请号：US14309598

申请日：2014-06-19

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Yang Pu ,  Wubao Wang

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Yang Pu ,  Wubao Wang

IPC: G01J3/00 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N33/12 ,  G01N21/64

CPC classification number: G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/6486 ,  G01N33/12

Abstract: A method detects the degree of spoilage of food by exposing a food sample to an excitation wave having a first wavelength of about 340 nm or about 380 nm, wherein the excitation wave has a bandwidth of 40 nm or less. The excitation wave is permitted to interact with the food sample and return emission spectra. A detector detects the emission spectra. A predetermined threshold value is established which defines when a food sample is or is not spoiled. The emission spectra is analyzed at a second wavelength of about 400 nm, about 450 nm or about 530 nm to provide a test or measured value of the emission spectra indicative of the degree of spoilage of the food sample. Whether or not a food sample is spoiled beyond the predetermined threshold is determined by comparing the measured value to the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract translation: 一种方法通过将食物样品暴露于第一波长为约340nm或约380nm的激发波来检测食物的变质程度，其中激发波具有40nm或更小的带宽。 激发波被允许与食物样品相互作用并返回发射光谱。 检测器检测发射光谱。 建立了一个预定的阈值，其定义何时食物样本是否被损坏。 在约400nm，约450nm或约530nm的第二波长处分析发射光谱，以提供指示食物样品的变质程度的发射光谱的测试值或测量值。 通过将测量值与预定阈值进行比较来确定食物样品是否损坏超过预定阈值。

公开(公告)号：US08385375B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-26

申请号：US13026869

申请日：2011-02-14

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Alexei Bykov ,  Mikhail Sharonov

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Alexei Bykov ,  Mikhail Sharonov

IPC: H01S3/30

CPC classification number: C03C4/0071 ,  C03C1/026 ,  C03C3/00 ,  H01S3/06716 ,  H01S3/06741 ,  H01S3/1601 ,  H01S3/17

Abstract: A glass composition for use as a laser medium, a method for producing the glass composition, and a laser apparatus including the glass composition are provided. The glass composition includes a host glass; a 3p component having a concentration of about 5 mole percent to about 10 mole percent; and at least one of a 6p component having a concentration of about 1 mole percent to about 5 mole percent and a 5p component having a concentration of about 1 mole percent to about 5 mole percent.

Abstract translation: 提供了用作激光介质的玻璃组合物，玻璃组合物的制造方法和包括该玻璃组合物的激光设备。 玻璃组合物包括主体玻璃; 具有约5摩尔％至约10摩尔％浓度的3p组分; 以及浓度为约1摩尔％至约5摩尔％的6p成分中的至少一种和浓度为约1摩尔％至约5摩尔％的5p成分。