公开(公告)号：US06054628A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-25

申请号：US955076

申请日：1997-10-21

申请人： Manfred Stroezel ,  Udo Rheude ,  Ralf-Thomas Rahn ,  Gerd Kaibel

发明人： Manfred Stroezel ,  Udo Rheude ,  Ralf-Thomas Rahn ,  Gerd Kaibel

IPC分类号： C07B49/00 ,  C07C29/124 ,  C07C29/40 ,  C07C31/00 ,  C07C33/02 ,  C07C35/18

CPC分类号： C07C29/40

摘要： In a process for carrying out an exothermal reaction, selected from the addition reaction of organomagnesium halide compounds to carbonyl compounds and the ensuing hydrolysis of the addition product, a considerable fraction of the heat liberated during the reaction is removed by evaporation of the solvent.

摘要翻译： 在进行放热反应的方法中，选自有机卤化镁化合物与羰基化合物的加成反应以及随后的加成产物的水解，通过蒸发溶剂除去反应期间释放出的相当大部分的热量。

公开(公告)号：US5897748A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-27

申请号：US743077

申请日：1996-11-04

申请人： Gerd Kaibel

发明人： Gerd Kaibel

IPC分类号： B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/20 ,  B01D3/32

CPC分类号： B01D3/141 ,  B01D3/008 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/20 ,  B01D3/32 ,  Y10S261/72

摘要： To compensate the bypassing, at the edges, of the liquid flowing downward in a distillation column, in order to achieve optimum mass transfer with the ascending vapor, a specific nonuniform distribution of the liquid trickling density over the column cross-section is established including the steps of establishing a nonuniform distribution of the liquid trickling density over the column cross-section in the distillation column and adjusting the liquid trickling density in the wall regions, said nonuniform distribution being achieved bya) arranging a number of outlet orifices or the diameter of the outlet orifices of a liquid distributor orb) arranging baffles in the stripping sections at height intervals from 0.1 to 2 m, in the case of dumped packings with baffles which project into the column space from the wall by about from 0.5 to 3 times packing dimensions orc) choosing the thickness and position of an insulating layer of a column jacket in the rectifying sections of a column at operating temperatures above ambient temperature according to a temperature difference between column and environment so that a desired additional area-related liquid flow is achieved in an edge region of the column.

摘要翻译： 为了补偿在蒸馏塔中向下流动的液体旁路旁路，为了实现与上升蒸汽的最佳质量传递，建立了液体滴流密度在柱截面上的特定不均匀分布，包括 在蒸馏塔中的柱截面上建立液体滴流密度的不均匀分布的步骤，并且调节壁区域中的液体滴注密度，所述不均匀分布通过以下步骤实现：a）布置多个出口孔或直径 液体分配器的出口孔，或b）以0.1至2米的高度间隔排列在汽提部分中的挡板，在具有挡板的倾倒式填料的情况下，该挡板从壁向墙壁空间注入约0.5至3倍的填料 尺寸或c）选择塔的整流部分中柱套的绝缘层的厚度和位置 根据柱和环境之间的温度差，操作温度高于环境温度，使得在塔的边缘区域中实现所需的附加区域相关液体流动。

公开(公告)号：US5785819A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-28

申请号：US674973

申请日：1996-07-03

申请人： Gerd Kaibel ,  Manfred Stroezel ,  Joachim Pfeffinger

发明人： Gerd Kaibel ,  Manfred Stroezel ,  Joachim Pfeffinger

IPC分类号： B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/32

CPC分类号： B01D3/141 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/32 ,  Y10S203/20

摘要： In a distillation column for separating a liquid mixture into a plurality of pure fractions, the distillation column being divided into 2 parts, a feed part and a take-off part, in its middle region by a separation effective in the longitudinal direction, the separation consists of two walls with a gas space in between, the distance between the two walls being from 1 to 50 mm, preferably from 3 to 10 mm.

摘要翻译： 在用于将液体混合物分离成多个纯馏分的蒸馏塔中，蒸馏塔在其中间区域通过沿纵向有效的分离分为进料部分和出料部分两部分，分离部分 由两个壁之间具有气体空间组成，两个壁之间的距离为1至50mm，优选3至10mm。

公开(公告)号：US4551208A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-05

申请号：US614280

申请日：1984-05-25

申请人： Kaspar Bott ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Horst Hartmann ,  Rudolf Irnich ,  Horst Buelow

发明人： Kaspar Bott ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Horst Hartmann ,  Rudolf Irnich ,  Horst Buelow

IPC分类号： C07C53/02 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C51/44 ,  C07C67/00 ,  B01D3/34

CPC分类号： C07C51/44

摘要： Formic acid is recovered, by distillation, from its mixtures with solvents of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or vinyl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form a 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene group, in each case of not more than 8 carbon atoms, with the provisos that the sum of the number of carbon atoms in R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is 7 to 14 and that only one of these radicals is aryl, by a method in which the distillation is carried out in the presence of a carboxamide II which is selected from the group consisting of formamide, acetamide, propionamide and the same compounds substituted by N-methyl or N,N-dimethyl, and which has a boiling point lower than that of the solvent I.

摘要翻译： 通过蒸馏从其与通式I的溶剂的混合物回收甲酸，其中R1是氢，甲基，乙基或乙烯基，R2和R3各自是烷基，环烷基，芳基或芳烷基，或R2和R3 一起形成1,4-或1,5-亚烷基，每种情况下不超过8个碳原子，条件是R2和R3中碳原子数之和为7〜14，只有一个 这些基团是芳基，其中蒸馏在选自甲酰胺，乙酰胺，丙酰胺和与N-甲基或N，N-二甲基甲酰胺取代的相同化合物的羧酰胺II存在下进行， 二甲基，其沸点低于溶剂I.

公开(公告)号：US4383894A

公开(公告)日：1983-05-17

申请号：US316301

申请日：1981-10-29

申请人： Horst Hartmann ,  Waldhelm Hochstein ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Franz-Josef Mueller

发明人： Horst Hartmann ,  Waldhelm Hochstein ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Franz-Josef Mueller

IPC分类号： C07C17/386 ,  C07C17/00 ,  C07C19/07 ,  C07C45/00 ,  C07C45/84 ,  C07C47/09 ,  C07C67/00 ,  B01D3/36

CPC分类号： C07C45/84

摘要： A process for separating off organic iodine compounds from acetaldehyde by subjecting the acetaldehyde to azeotropic distillation with a hydrocarbon boiling at from 25.degree. to 55.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure.

摘要翻译： 一种通过在大气压下用沸腾25℃至55℃的烃进行乙醛共沸蒸馏来分离有机碘化合物与乙醛的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4162200A

公开(公告)日：1979-07-24

申请号：US871547

申请日：1978-01-23

申请人： Walter Himmele ,  Karl Fischer ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Kurt Schneider ,  Rudolf Irnich

发明人： Walter Himmele ,  Karl Fischer ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Kurt Schneider ,  Rudolf Irnich

IPC分类号： B01D3/40 ,  C07C68/06 ,  C07C68/08 ,  C07C69/00 ,  C07C69/96

CPC分类号： C07C68/065 ,  C07C68/08

摘要： Dimethyl carbonate is obtained pure, from its solutions in methanol, by extractive distillation carried out with a temperature of from 60.degree. C. at the top to 250.degree. C. at the bottom of the column and employing, as the extractant, an aprotic organic liquid which is substantially inert toward dimethyl carbonate, boils at above 100.degree. C. at standard pressure, is miscible with dimethyl carbonate in all proportions and has a dielectric constant .epsilon. of from 4 to 90 and a dipole moment .mu. of from 1.5 to 5 Debye.

摘要翻译： 碳酸二甲酯从其甲醇溶液中通过萃取蒸馏得到，温度为60℃，塔顶至250℃，采用萃取剂为非质子有机物 对碳酸二甲酯基本上是惰性的液体在标准压力下在高于100℃下沸腾，与所有比例的碳酸二甲酯混溶，并且介电常数ε为4-90，偶极矩μ为1.5至5德拜 。

公开(公告)号：US08461356B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-11

申请号：US12532660

申请日：2008-03-19

申请人： Gunther Windecker ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Michael Steiniger ,  Thilo Buntrock ,  Jens Weiguny ,  Dany Vanden Hautte ,  Thierry Lurquin

发明人： Gunther Windecker ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Michael Steiniger ,  Thilo Buntrock ,  Jens Weiguny ,  Dany Vanden Hautte ,  Thierry Lurquin

IPC分类号： C07D307/36

CPC分类号： B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/141 ,  C07C51/573 ,  C07C57/145

摘要： What is described is a process for obtaining maleic anhydride by distillation from a solution of maleic anhydride in a high-boiling absorbent which has been obtained by gas phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon and at least partial absorption of the oxidation products into the absorbent, by i) introducing the solution into the side of a feed column with a rectifying section disposed above the feed point and a stripping section disposed below the feed point, ii) providing an upper combining column which communicates with the upper end of the rectifying section and a lower combining column which communicates with the lower end of the stripping section, iii) providing a draw column which communicates with the upper combining column and the lower combining column, iv) drawing maleic anhydride off as a side draw from the draw column, and drawing off compounds having a lower boiling point than maleic anhydride at the top of the upper combining column and the high-boiling absorbent at the bottom of the lower combining column. The maleic anhydride obtained as a side draw has a low content of acrylic acid and acetic acid.

摘要翻译： 所描述的是通过蒸馏从马来酸酐在高沸点吸收剂中的溶液获得马来酸酐的方法，其通过烃的气相氧化和至少部分吸收氧化产物进入吸收剂中获得， 将溶液引入进料塔的侧面，其中设置在进料点上方的精馏部分和设置在进料点下方的汽提部分，ii）提供与精馏部分的上端连通的上部混合塔和下部 组合柱与汽提部分的下端连通，iii）提供与上部混合塔和下部混合塔连通的牵引柱，iv）将拉伸马来酸酐作为拉伸塔的牵引拉出，拉出 在上部混合塔的顶部具有比马来酸酐低的沸点的化合物和在底部o的高沸点吸收剂 f下组合列。 作为侧馏分获得的马来酸酐具有低含量的丙烯酸和乙酸。

公开(公告)号：US20120232267A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-13

申请号：US13423956

申请日：2012-03-19

申请人： Bram Willem Hoffer ,  Hartwig Voss ,  Ekkehard Schwab ,  Udo Rheude ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Mathias Haake ,  Jan Eberhardt ,  Michael Karcher

发明人： Bram Willem Hoffer ,  Hartwig Voss ,  Ekkehard Schwab ,  Udo Rheude ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Mathias Haake ,  Jan Eberhardt ,  Michael Karcher

IPC分类号： C07D265/30 ,  C07C45/62

CPC分类号： C07C45/62 ,  C07C47/228 ,  C07C49/04 ,  C07C47/02

摘要： A process continuously hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, in which particles of a first hydrogenation catalyst are suspended in a liquid phase in which an unsaturated compound is dissolved, the liquid phase, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a first partial hydrogen pressure and at a first temperature, is conducted through a packed bubble column reactor in cocurrent counter to the direction of gravity, the effluent from the bubble column reactor is sent to a gas-liquid separation, the liquid phase is sent to a crossfiltration to obtain a retentate and a filtrate, the retentate is recycled into the bubble column reactor and the filtrate, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a second partial hydrogen pressure and at a second temperature, is passed over a bed of a second hydrogenation catalyst, the second partial hydrogen pressure is at least 10 bar higher than the first partial hydrogen pressure.

摘要翻译： 将第一氢化催化剂的颗粒悬浮在其中溶解有不饱和化合物的液相中的不饱和化合物的液相，在第一部分氢气压力下的氢气存在下的液相， 温度，通过与泡沫塔反应器并流反向并流并通过气泡塔反应器进行气液分离，将液相送至交叉过滤以获得滞留物和滤液 ，将渗余物再循环到泡罩塔反应器中，并且在第二部分氢气压力和第二温度下在氢气存在下将滤液通过第二氢化催化剂床，第二部分氢气压力为 比第一部分氢气压力高至少10巴。

公开(公告)号：US08092655B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-10

申请号：US09782305

申请日：2001-02-14

申请人： Wolfram Burst ,  Horst Hartmann ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Guido Harms

发明人： Wolfram Burst ,  Horst Hartmann ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Guido Harms

IPC分类号： B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/42 ,  C07C67/54

CPC分类号： B01D3/141 ,  B01D3/14 ,  Y10S159/906 ,  Y10S203/20

摘要： A dividing wall column is described which includes the following segments:a) an upper column region (1),b) an enrichment section (2) of the feed section,c) a stripping section (4) of the feed section,d) an upper part (3) of the offtake section,e) a lower part (5) of the offtake section,f) an intermediate region (9) of the feed section,g) an intermediate region (10) of the offtake section andh) a lower column region (6).The dividing wall column has a dividing wall (7) is located vertically between the segments b) (2) and d) (3) and between the segments c) (4) and e) (5). The segments b) (2), d) (3), c) (4) and e) (5) have separation-active internals, Segment b (2) has a cross-sectional area Ab which is at least 10% smaller than the cross-sectional area Ad of segment d) (3), and segment c) has a cross-sectional area Ac which is at least 10% greater than the cross-sectional area Ae of segment e) (5).

摘要翻译： 描述了分隔壁柱，其包括以下部分：a）上部柱区域（1），b）进料部分的富集部分（2），c）进料部分的汽提部分（4），d） 所述出料部分的上部（3），e）所述出料部分的下部（5），f）所述进料部分的中间区域（9），g）所述出料部分的中间区域（10）和 h）较低的列区域（6）。 分隔壁柱具有位于段b）（2）和d）（3）之间以及段c）（4）和e）（5）之间的分隔壁（7）。 段b）（2），d）（3），c）（4）和e）（5）具有分离活性内部，段b（2）的横截面积Ab至少减小10％ 比段d）（3）的截面面积Ad大，截面积Ac的截面面积Ac比段e）（5）的横截面面积Ae至少大10％。

公开(公告)号：US20100162971A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-01

申请号：US12160797

申请日：2007-01-26

申请人： Claudius Kormann ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Dirk Neumann

发明人： Claudius Kormann ,  Gerd Kaibel ,  Dirk Neumann

IPC分类号： F01P9/00 ,  B21K3/00

CPC分类号： F01P3/02 ,  F01P7/165 ,  F01P2003/027 ,  F01P2003/182 ,  F28D2021/0094 ,  F28F13/185 ,  Y10T29/49231

摘要： The invention relates to an apparatus for liquid cooling of an internal combustion engine (11) and a process for producing it. The apparatus of the invention comprises a cooling circuit (13) which comprises at least one cooling channel (23, 24, 41) for a liquid coolant which is in thermal contact with at least one component (12a, 12b, 31) of the internal combustion engine (11), wherein a wall of the cooling channel (23, 24, 41) which comes into contact with the coolant has a microstructured surface having a certain porosity and roughness at least in a subregion. According to the invention, such an apparatus is produced by constructing a cooling circuit for a liquid coolant which has cooling channels which can at least partly be brought into thermal contact with the internal combustion engine, wherein a microstructured surface is produced on at least part of the walls of the cooling channels which come into contact with the liquid coolant.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及内燃机（11）的液体冷却装置及其制造方法。 本发明的装置包括冷却回路（13），该冷却回路包括至少一个用于液体冷却剂的冷却通道（23,24,41），该冷却通道与内部的至少一个部件（12a，12b，31）热接触 内燃机（11），其中与冷却剂接触的冷却通道（23,24,41）的壁具有至少在一个次级区域中具有一定孔隙率和粗糙度的微结构化表面。 根据本发明，这种装置是通过构造一种具有冷却通道的冷却回路来制造的，所述冷却回路具有至少部分地与内燃机热接触的冷却通道，其中微结构化表面在至少部分 与液体冷却剂接触的冷却通道的壁。