公开(公告)号：US5266205A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-30

申请号：US907177

申请日：1992-07-01

申请人： John L. Fulton ,  Richard D. Smith

发明人： John L. Fulton ,  Richard D. Smith

IPC分类号： A61K9/107 ,  B01D11/02 ,  B01F3/08 ,  B01F17/00 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C01B13/32 ,  C01B33/16 ,  C01F7/34 ,  C01G3/02 ,  C01G5/02 ,  C08F2/32 ,  B01D15/00

CPC分类号： C08F2/32 ,  A61K9/1075 ,  B01D11/0203 ,  B01F17/00 ,  B01F3/0811 ,  B01J10/002 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C01B13/32 ,  C01B13/328 ,  C01B33/163 ,  C01F7/34 ,  C01G3/02 ,  C01G5/02 ,  B01F2003/0064 ,  B01F2003/0834 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00191 ,  C01P2004/03 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： A method of separating solute material from a polar fluid in a first polar fluid phase is provided. The method comprises combining a polar fluid, a second fluid that is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and has a critical density, and a surfactant. The solute material is dissolved in the polar fluid to define the first polar fluid phase. The combined polar and second fluids, surfactant, and solute material dissolved in the polar fluid is maintained under near critical or supercritical temperature and pressure conditions such that the density of the second fluid exceeds the critical density thereof. In this way, a reverse micelle system defining a reverse micelle solvent is formed which comprises a continuous phase in the second fluid and a plurality of reverse micelles dispersed in the continuous phase. The solute material is dissolved in the polar fluid and is in chemical equilibrium with the reverse micelles. The first polar fluid phase and the continuous phase are immiscible. The reverse micelles each comprise a dynamic aggregate of surfactant molecules surrounding a core of the polar fluid. The reverse micelle solvent has a polar fluid-to-surfactant molar ratio W, which can vary over a range having a maximum ratio W.sub.o that determines the maximum size of the reverse micelles. The maximum ratio W.sub.o of the reverse micelle solvent is then varied, and the solute material from the first polar fluid phase is transported into the reverse micelles in the continuous phase at an extraction efficiency determined by the critical or supercritical conditions.

摘要翻译： 提供了在第一极性流体相中从极性流体分离溶质材料的方法。 该方法包括将极性流体，作为标准温度和压力下的气体的第二流体与临界密度组合，和表面活性剂。 将溶质材料溶解在极性流体中以限定第一极性流体相。 溶解在极性流体中的组合的极性和第二种流体，表面活性剂和溶质材料保持在接近临界或超临界温度和压力条件下，使得第二流体的密度超过其临界密度。 以这种方式，形成限定反胶束溶剂的反胶束体系，其包含第二流体中的连续相和分散在连续相中的多个反胶束。 溶质材料溶解在极性流体中并与反胶束化学平衡。 第一极极性相和连续相是不混溶的。 反胶束各自包含围绕极性流体核心的表面活性剂分子的动态聚集体。 反胶束溶剂具有极性流体与表面活性剂的摩尔比W，其可以在确定反胶束的最大尺寸的最大比率Wo的范围内变化。 然后改变反胶束溶剂的最大比例Wo，并且将来自第一极性流体相的溶质材料以连续相转移到反胶束中，提取效率由临界或超临界条件确定。

公开(公告)号：US5238671A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-24

申请号：US274558

申请日：1988-11-22

申请人： Dean W. Matson ,  John L. Fulton ,  Richard D. Smith ,  Keith A. Consani

发明人： Dean W. Matson ,  John L. Fulton ,  Richard D. Smith ,  Keith A. Consani

IPC分类号： A61K9/107 ,  B01D11/02 ,  B01F3/08 ,  B01F17/00 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C01B13/32 ,  C01B33/16 ,  C01F7/34 ,  C01G3/02 ,  C01G5/02 ,  C08F2/32 ,  C08F2/48 ,  C09K11/07

CPC分类号： A61K9/1075 ,  B01D11/0203 ,  B01F17/00 ,  B01F3/0811 ,  B01J10/002 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C01B13/32 ,  C01B13/328 ,  C01B33/163 ,  C01F7/34 ,  C01G3/02 ,  C01G5/02 ,  C08F2/32 ,  B01F2003/0064 ,  B01F2003/0834 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00191 ,  C01P2004/03 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  Y02P20/544 ,  Y10S516/925

摘要： This invention is directed to conducting chemical reactions in reverse micelle or microemulsion systems comprising a substantially discontinuous phase including a polar fluid, typically an aqueous fluid, and a microemulsion promoter, typically a surfactant, for facilitating the formation of reverse micelles in the system. The system further includes a substantially continuous phase including a non-polar or low-polarity fluid material which is a gas under standard temperature and pressure and has a critical density, and which is generally a water-insoluble fluid in a near critical or supercritical state. Thus, the microemulsion system is maintained at a pressure and temperature such that the density of the non-polar or low-polarity fluid exceeds the critical density thereof. The method of carrying out chemical reactions generally comprises forming a first reverse micelle system including an aqueous fluid including reverse micelles in a water-insoluble fluid in the supercritical state. Then, a first reactant is introduced into the first reverse micelle system, and a chemical reaction is carried out with the first reactant to form a reaction product. In general, the first reactant can be incorporated into, and the product formed in, the reverse micelles. A second reactant can also be incorporated in the first reverse micelle system which is capable of reacting with the first reactant to form a product.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在反胶束或微乳液体系中进行化学反应，其包括基本上不连续的相，其包含极性流体，通常为水性流体，以及微乳液促进剂，通常为表面活性剂，以便于在体系中形成反胶束。 该系统还包括基本上连续的相，其包括在标准温度和压力下为气体且具有临界密度的非极性或低极性流体材料，并且其通常为接近临界或超临界状态的水不溶性流体 。 因此，微乳液系统保持在非极性或低极性流体的密度超过其临界密度的压力和温度。 进行化学反应的方法通常包括在超临界状态的水不溶性流体中形成包括含有反胶束的水性流体的第一反胶束系统。 然后，将第一反应物引入到第一反胶束体系中，并用第一反应物进行化学反应以形成反应产物。 通常，第一反应物可以并入反胶束中形成的产物中。 第二反应物也可以并入第一反胶束体系中，其能够与第一反应物反应以形成产物。