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公开(公告)号：US5238671A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-24
申请号：US274558
申请日：1988-11-22
IPC分类号： A61K9/107 , B01D11/02 , B01F3/08 , B01F17/00 , B01J3/00 , B01J10/00 , B01J19/00 , C01B13/32 , C01B33/16 , C01F7/34 , C01G3/02 , C01G5/02 , C08F2/32 , C08F2/48 , C09K11/07
CPC分类号： A61K9/1075 , B01D11/0203 , B01F17/00 , B01F3/0811 , B01J10/002 , B01J3/008 , C01B13/32 , C01B13/328 , C01B33/163 , C01F7/34 , C01G3/02 , C01G5/02 , C08F2/32 , B01F2003/0064 , B01F2003/0834 , B01J2219/00058 , B01J2219/00065 , B01J2219/00191 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/61 , Y02P20/544 , Y10S516/925
摘要： This invention is directed to conducting chemical reactions in reverse micelle or microemulsion systems comprising a substantially discontinuous phase including a polar fluid, typically an aqueous fluid, and a microemulsion promoter, typically a surfactant, for facilitating the formation of reverse micelles in the system. The system further includes a substantially continuous phase including a non-polar or low-polarity fluid material which is a gas under standard temperature and pressure and has a critical density, and which is generally a water-insoluble fluid in a near critical or supercritical state. Thus, the microemulsion system is maintained at a pressure and temperature such that the density of the non-polar or low-polarity fluid exceeds the critical density thereof. The method of carrying out chemical reactions generally comprises forming a first reverse micelle system including an aqueous fluid including reverse micelles in a water-insoluble fluid in the supercritical state. Then, a first reactant is introduced into the first reverse micelle system, and a chemical reaction is carried out with the first reactant to form a reaction product. In general, the first reactant can be incorporated into, and the product formed in, the reverse micelles. A second reactant can also be incorporated in the first reverse micelle system which is capable of reacting with the first reactant to form a product.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在反胶束或微乳液体系中进行化学反应，其包括基本上不连续的相，其包含极性流体，通常为水性流体，以及微乳液促进剂，通常为表面活性剂，以便于在体系中形成反胶束。 该系统还包括基本上连续的相，其包括在标准温度和压力下为气体且具有临界密度的非极性或低极性流体材料，并且其通常为接近临界或超临界状态的水不溶性流体 。 因此，微乳液系统保持在非极性或低极性流体的密度超过其临界密度的压力和温度。 进行化学反应的方法通常包括在超临界状态的水不溶性流体中形成包括含有反胶束的水性流体的第一反胶束系统。 然后，将第一反应物引入到第一反胶束体系中，并用第一反应物进行化学反应以形成反应产物。 通常，第一反应物可以并入反胶束中形成的产物中。 第二反应物也可以并入第一反胶束体系中，其能够与第一反应物反应以形成产物。
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公开(公告)号：US5266205A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-30
申请号：US907177
申请日：1992-07-01
申请人： John L. Fulton , Richard D. Smith
发明人： John L. Fulton , Richard D. Smith
IPC分类号： A61K9/107 , B01D11/02 , B01F3/08 , B01F17/00 , B01J3/00 , B01J10/00 , B01J19/00 , C01B13/32 , C01B33/16 , C01F7/34 , C01G3/02 , C01G5/02 , C08F2/32 , B01D15/00
CPC分类号： C08F2/32 , A61K9/1075 , B01D11/0203 , B01F17/00 , B01F3/0811 , B01J10/002 , B01J3/008 , C01B13/32 , C01B13/328 , C01B33/163 , C01F7/34 , C01G3/02 , C01G5/02 , B01F2003/0064 , B01F2003/0834 , B01J2219/00058 , B01J2219/00065 , B01J2219/00191 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/61 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A method of separating solute material from a polar fluid in a first polar fluid phase is provided. The method comprises combining a polar fluid, a second fluid that is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and has a critical density, and a surfactant. The solute material is dissolved in the polar fluid to define the first polar fluid phase. The combined polar and second fluids, surfactant, and solute material dissolved in the polar fluid is maintained under near critical or supercritical temperature and pressure conditions such that the density of the second fluid exceeds the critical density thereof. In this way, a reverse micelle system defining a reverse micelle solvent is formed which comprises a continuous phase in the second fluid and a plurality of reverse micelles dispersed in the continuous phase. The solute material is dissolved in the polar fluid and is in chemical equilibrium with the reverse micelles. The first polar fluid phase and the continuous phase are immiscible. The reverse micelles each comprise a dynamic aggregate of surfactant molecules surrounding a core of the polar fluid. The reverse micelle solvent has a polar fluid-to-surfactant molar ratio W, which can vary over a range having a maximum ratio W.sub.o that determines the maximum size of the reverse micelles. The maximum ratio W.sub.o of the reverse micelle solvent is then varied, and the solute material from the first polar fluid phase is transported into the reverse micelles in the continuous phase at an extraction efficiency determined by the critical or supercritical conditions.
摘要翻译： 提供了在第一极性流体相中从极性流体分离溶质材料的方法。 该方法包括将极性流体，作为标准温度和压力下的气体的第二流体与临界密度组合，和表面活性剂。 将溶质材料溶解在极性流体中以限定第一极性流体相。 溶解在极性流体中的组合的极性和第二种流体，表面活性剂和溶质材料保持在接近临界或超临界温度和压力条件下，使得第二流体的密度超过其临界密度。 以这种方式，形成限定反胶束溶剂的反胶束体系，其包含第二流体中的连续相和分散在连续相中的多个反胶束。 溶质材料溶解在极性流体中并与反胶束化学平衡。 第一极极性相和连续相是不混溶的。 反胶束各自包含围绕极性流体核心的表面活性剂分子的动态聚集体。 反胶束溶剂具有极性流体与表面活性剂的摩尔比W，其可以在确定反胶束的最大尺寸的最大比率Wo的范围内变化。 然后改变反胶束溶剂的最大比例Wo，并且将来自第一极性流体相的溶质材料以连续相转移到反胶束中，提取效率由临界或超临界条件确定。
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公开(公告)号：US5158704A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US559396
申请日：1990-07-25
申请人： John L. Fulton , Richard D. Smith
发明人： John L. Fulton , Richard D. Smith
IPC分类号： A61K9/107 , B01D11/02 , B01F3/08 , B01F17/00 , B01J3/00 , B01J10/00 , B01J19/00 , C01B13/32 , C01B33/16 , C01F7/34 , C01G3/02 , C01G5/02 , C08F2/00 , C08F2/32
CPC分类号： A61K9/1075 , B01D11/0203 , B01F17/00 , B01F3/0811 , B01J10/002 , B01J3/008 , B82Y5/00 , C01B13/32 , C01B13/328 , C01B33/163 , C01F7/34 , C01G3/02 , C01G5/02 , C08F2/32 , B01F2003/0064 , B01F2003/0834 , B01J2219/00058 , B01J2219/00065 , B01J2219/00191 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/61 , Y02P20/544 , Y10S526/942
摘要： The surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) was used to form reverse micelle and microemulsion ethane and propane for systems consisting of 80 to 100 percent alkane by weight. Phase diagrams from view cell studies of microemulsion phases formed in supercritical fluids are reported and shown to be strongly dependent on pressure. The properties of these solutions were also characterized by conductivity, density and surfactant solubility measurements. The solubility of AOT in ethane and propane over a range of pressures shows behavior typical of soilds in supercritical fluids. The maximum water to surfactant ratio (Wo) increased dramatically in both ethane and propane systems as presssure was increased. At 300 bar and 103 DEG C., the supercritical propane-surfactant system is capable of solubilizing much more water (Wo=12) than the supercritical ethane-surfactant system (Wo=4) at 300 bar and 37 DEG C. Some of the important thermodynamic contributions which are likely responsible for this pressure dependent phase behavior are discussed and potential applications of this new class of solvents are considered.
摘要翻译： 使用表面活性剂双（2-乙基己基）磺基琥珀酸钠（AOT）形成反胶束和微乳液乙烷和丙烷，用于由80至100重量％的烷烃组成的体系。 报道了在超临界流体中形成的微乳液相的观察细胞研究的相图，显示出强烈依赖于压力。 这些溶液的性质还通过电导率，密度和表面活性剂溶解度测量来表征。 在一定范围的压力下，AOT在乙烷和丙烷中的溶解度显示出超临界流体中典型的溶液的行为。 随着压力增加，乙烷和丙烷系统中最大的水与表面活性剂比（Wo）都急剧增加。 在300巴和103℃下，超临界丙烷 - 表面活性剂体系在300巴和37℃下能够比超临界乙烷 - 表面活性剂体系（Wo = 4）溶解更多的水（Wo = 12）。 讨论了可能负责这种压力相位行为的重要热力学贡献，并考虑了这一类新溶剂的潜在应用。
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4.发明授权Processes for microemulsion polymerization employing novel microemulsion systems 失效使用新型微乳液体系的微乳液聚合方法
公开(公告)号：US4933404A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US274596
申请日：1988-11-22
IPC分类号： A61K9/107 , B01D11/02 , B01F3/08 , B01F17/00 , B01J3/00 , B01J10/00 , B01J19/00 , C01B13/32 , C01B33/16 , C01F7/34 , C01G3/02 , C01G5/02 , C08F2/00 , C08F2/32
CPC分类号： A61K9/1075 , B01D11/0203 , B01F17/00 , B01F3/0811 , B01J10/002 , B01J3/008 , B82Y5/00 , C01B13/32 , C01B13/328 , C01B33/163 , C01F7/34 , C01G3/02 , C01G5/02 , C08F2/32 , B01F2003/0064 , B01F2003/0834 , B01J2219/00058 , B01J2219/00065 , B01J2219/00191 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/61 , Y02P20/544 , Y10S526/942
摘要： This invention is directed to a microemulsion system comprising a first phase including a low-polarity fluid material which is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, and which has a cloud-point density. It also includes a second phase including a polar fluid, typically water, a monomer, preferably a monomer soluble in the polar fluid, and a microemulsion promoter for facilitating the formation of micelles including the monomer in the system. In the subject process, micelles including the monomer are formed in the first phase. A polymerization initiator is introduced into the micelles in the microemulsion system. The monomer is then polymerized in the micelles, preferably in the core of the micelle, to produce a polymeric material having a relatively high molecular weight.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种微乳液系统，其包括第一相，其包括在标准温度和压力下为气体的低极性流体材料，并具有浊点密度。 它还包括第二相，其包括极性流体，通常为水，单体，优选可溶于极性流体中的单体，以及用于促进在体系中包含单体的胶束形成的微乳液促进剂。 在本发明方法中，在第一阶段中形成包括单体的胶束。 将聚合引发剂引入微乳液体系中的胶束中。 然后将单体在胶束中聚合，优选在胶束的核心中聚合，以产生具有相对较高分子量的聚合物材料。
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公开(公告)号：US20150357174A1
公开(公告)日：2015-12-10
申请号：US14733517
申请日：2015-06-08
IPC分类号： H01J49/06
CPC分类号： H01J49/066
摘要： An ion funnel device is disclosed. A first pair of electrodes is positioned in a first direction. A second pair of electrodes is positioned in a second direction. The device includes an RF voltage source and a DC voltage source. A RF voltage with a superimposed DC voltage gradient is applied to the first pair of electrodes, and a DC voltage gradient is applied to the second pair of electrodes.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种离子漏斗装置。 第一对电极位于第一方向。 第二对电极位于第二方向。 该器件包括一个RF电压源和一个直流电压源。 将具有叠加的DC电压梯度的RF电压施加到第一对电极，并且将直流电压梯度施加到第二对电极。
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6.发明申请METHOD FOR ENHANCING THE RESOLVING POWER OF ION MOBILITY SEPARATIONS OVER A LIMITED MOBILITY RANGE 有权提高移动能力分离功能的方法，有限的移动范围公开(公告)号：US20130299690A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-14
申请号：US13861511
申请日：2013-04-12
IPC分类号： H01J49/00
CPC分类号： H01J49/0031 , G01N27/622
摘要： A method for raising the resolving power, specificity, and peak capacity of conventional ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed. Ions are separated in a dynamic electric field comprising an oscillatory field wave and opposing static field, or at least two counter propagating waves with different parameters (amplitude, profile, frequency, or speed). As the functional dependencies of mean drift velocity on the ion mobility in a wave and static field or in unequal waves differ, only single species is equilibrated while others drift in either direction and are mobility-separated. An ion mobility spectrum over a limited range is then acquired by measuring ion drift times through a fixed distance inside the gas-filled enclosure. The resolving power in the vicinity of equilibrium mobility substantially exceeds that for known traveling-wave or drift-tube IMS separations, with spectra over wider ranges obtainable by stitching multiple segments. The approach also enables low-cutoff, high-cutoff, and bandpass ion mobility filters.
摘要翻译： 公开了提高常规离子迁移光谱法的分辨能力，特异性和峰值能力的方法。 离子在包括振荡场波和相对静电场的动态电场中分离，或至少两个具有不同参数（幅度，分布，频率或速度）的反向传播波。 由于平均漂移速度对波和静电场或不相等波的离子迁移率的功能依赖性不同，只有单个物质平衡，而其他物质在任一方向上漂移并且是迁移率分离的。 然后通过在充满气体的外壳内的固定距离测量离子漂移时间来获得在有限范围内的离子迁移谱。 在平衡迁移附近的分辨能力基本上超过已知的行波或漂移管IMS分离的分辨能力，其中可以通过缝合多个段获得更宽范围的光谱。 该方法还可实现低截止，高截止和带通离子迁移率滤波器。
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公开(公告)号：US08454093B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-04
申请号：US12748823
申请日：2010-03-29
申请人： Richard D. Smith
发明人： Richard D. Smith
IPC分类号： A47C7/00
摘要： A folding or stacking chair has a seat and a backrest carried between opposite frame sides each with a backrest support, a front leg and a rear leg. One or both of the seat and the backrest has a continuous sheet of flexible and elastic knitted mesh or patterned open texture plastic held across and substantially covering an opening in an open-end hoop coupled between the frame sides. An open-end of the hoop faces in a front or a back orientation for the seat, or a top or a bottom orientation for the backrest, with sides of the hoop attached to the frame sides. The sheet of mesh or textured plastic has a finished edge spanning the open-end of the hoop.
摘要翻译： 折叠或折叠椅子具有座椅和靠背，其在相对的框架侧面之间承载，每个座椅具有靠背支撑件，前腿部和后腿部。 座椅和靠背中的一个或两个具有柔性和弹性的针织网或图案化的开放纹理塑料的连续片，该织物保持横跨并且基本上覆盖耦合在框架侧之间的开口箍中的开口。 箍的开口端面朝向座椅的前方或后方，或用于靠背的顶部或底部方向，箍的侧面连接到框架侧。 网状或纹理化的塑料片具有跨越箍的开口端的成品边缘。
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公开(公告)号：US08038221B2
公开(公告)日：2011-10-18
申请号：US12422821
申请日：2009-04-13
IPC分类号： A47C7/00
摘要： A folding mesh chair includes a seat and a backrest carried between opposite frame sides. The chair has an unfolded seating position in which the seat pivots to extend from the frame sides and bottoms of front and rear legs move apart, and a folded position in which the seat pivots toward the frame sides and the front and rear legs move together. One or both of the seat and the backrest have a continuous sheet of flexible and elastic mesh or patterned open texture plastic held across and substantially covering an opening in an all-plastic hoop fixed between the frame sides. The hoop includes inner and outer plastic mating hoops with the mesh extending over an outer perimeter of the inner hoop and into an interface between the inner and outer hoops.
摘要翻译： 折叠网椅包括座位和靠在相对的框架侧之间的靠背。 椅子具有展开的就座位置，其中座椅从框架侧面枢转并从前腿和后腿的底部移开，折叠位置，座位朝向框架侧摆动，前后腿一起移动。 座椅和靠背中的一个或两个具有连续的柔性和弹性网格片或图案化的开放纹理塑料，其保持横跨并且基本上覆盖固定在框架侧之间的全塑性环箍中的开口。 箍包括内部和外部塑料配合箍，其中网状物在内箍的外周延伸并且进入内圈和外箍之间的界面。
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9.发明申请PLATFORM FOR FIELD ASYMMETRIC WAVEFORM ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY WITH ION PROPULSION MODES EMPLOYING GAS FLOW AND ELECTRIC FIELD 有权用于采用气体流动和电场的离子推进模式的场非对称波形离子移动光谱的平台公开(公告)号：US20100207022A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-19
申请号：US12690818
申请日：2010-01-20
CPC分类号： G01N27/624
摘要： A differential ion mobility spectrometry or field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) platform is disclosed that utilizes both gas flow and electric field, consecutively or simultaneously, to move ions through the analytical gap. The consecutive combination of flow and field enables rapid and flexible switching of the FAIMS stage “on” (for ion separation) and “off” (for high non-selective transmission) with no hardware modifications. This capability is needed for effective use of multidimensional instrument systems that couple FAIMS to mass spectrometry and/or conventional ion mobility spectrometry. The joint application of flow and field allows controlling the discrimination against high-mobility ions, maximizing it to remove the chemical noise or minimizing it to make the analyses of complex samples more predictable and uniform.
摘要翻译： 公开了差分离子迁移谱或场非对称波形离子迁移谱（FAIMS）平台，其利用气流和电场连续或同时地将离子移动通过分析间隙。 流程和现场的连续组合使得无需硬件修改即可快速灵活地切换FAIMS阶段（离子分离）和“关闭”（用于高非选择性传输）。 需要这种能力来有效利用将FAIMS耦合到质谱和/或常规离子迁移谱的多维仪器系统。 流量和场的联合应用允许控制对高迁移率离子的鉴别，使其最大化以消除化学噪声或使其最小化，使得复杂样品的分析更可预测和均匀。
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公开(公告)号：US20100156148A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-24
申请号：US12422792
申请日：2009-04-13
IPC分类号： A47C4/28
摘要： A folding mesh chair includes a seat and a backrest carried between opposite frame sides. The chair has an unfolded seating position in which the seat pivots to extend from the frame sides and bottoms of front and rear legs move apart, and a folded position in which the seat pivots toward the frame sides and the front and rear legs move together. One or both of the seat and the backrest have a continuous sheet of flexible and elastic mesh or patterned open texture plastic held across and substantially covering an opening in an all-plastic hoop fixed between the frame sides.
摘要翻译： 折叠网椅包括座位和靠在相对的框架侧之间的靠背。 椅子具有展开的就座位置，其中座椅枢转以从框架侧面延伸，前后腿的底部移动分开，并且座椅朝向框架侧部枢转并且前后腿部一起移动的折叠位置。 座椅和靠背中的一个或两个具有连续的柔性和弹性网格片或图案化的开放纹理塑料，其保持横跨并且基本上覆盖固定在框架侧之间的全塑性环箍中的开口。
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