公开(公告)号：US5918277A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-29

申请号：US905125

申请日：1997-08-01

Applicant: G. George Yilmaz

Inventor： G. George Yilmaz

IPC: G01W1/14 ,  G01W1/00 ,  A63B53/00

CPC classification number: G01W1/14

Abstract: Present invention provides an apparatus for measuring directional rainfall or snow incorporating variables of a drainage basin including slope of topography and vertical barriers and direction of wind vector all of which are calibrated to the drainage basin. The apparatus includes an angular collection unit having a main angle and a secondary angle and a vertical capture plate adjusted at the height representative of vertical and a positioning unit which positions the angular collection unit in the direction of wind. Using the apparatus, rainfall or snowfall is measured as a function of basin topography and wind conditions eliminating a large number of rainfall and snowfall gauges for averaging purposes to obtain more representative and accurate measurements.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种用于测量定向降雨或积雪的装置，其包括排水盆地的变量，包括地形和垂直屏障的斜率以及所有这些都被校准到流域的风向的方向。 该装置包括具有主角度和次级角度的角度收集单元，以及垂直捕获板，该垂直捕获板调节在垂直方向的高度，以及定位单元，其将角度收集单元沿风向定位。 使用该设备，降水或降雪量作为盆地地形和风况的函数进行测量，消除了大量降雨和降雪量计，用于平均目的，以获得更具代表性和准确度的测量结果。

公开(公告)号：US5836339A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-17

申请号：US774407

申请日：1996-12-31

Applicant: David L. Klever ,  M. Thomas Craigo

Inventor： David L. Klever ,  M. Thomas Craigo

IPC: A01G25/16 ,  G01N15/14 ,  G01W1/14 ,  F16K31/02

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  A01G25/167 ,  G01N15/1456 ,  Y10T137/1866 ,  Y10T137/86397

Abstract: Disclosed is a raindrop counter and control system for irrigation systems which provides the quick detection of the presence, and subsequent absence of precipitation once it has first been detected. When applied to automatic irrigation systems and the like, the invention disables normal operation of the system by interrupting power to the irrigation valves during and after detection of precipitation. The control system includes sensitivity selections to electronically adjust the triggering threshold to precipitation, as well as a decoupled comparator network which compensates for background ambient light levels. Furthermore, the duration of sensed precipitation will determine the disable time period by reprogramming the output delay from a short to a long delay time period, if so desired. The time of the long delay is then user selectable to a plurality of time periods. The invention comprises a small outdoor probe, and a separate control and display unit that is capable of interfacing with a plurality of automated systems.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于灌溉系统的雨滴计数器和控制系统，其提供了存在的快速检测，并且之后在首次检测到之后不存在降水。 当应用于自动灌溉系统等时，本发明通过在检测降水期间和之后中断冲洗阀的功率来禁止系统的正常操作。 控制系统包括灵敏度选择以电子调整触发阈值以进行降水，以及补偿背景环境光水平的去耦比较器网络。 此外，如果需要，感测降水的持续时间将通过将输出延迟从短延迟时间重新编程到长延迟时间段来确定禁用时间段。 然后，长时间延迟的时间可由用户选择到多个时间段。 本发明包括一个小型室外探针，以及一个独立的控制和显示单元，能够与多个自动化系统相连接。

公开(公告)号：US5815064A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-29

申请号：US794922

申请日：1997-02-04

Applicant: Jonathan Alfred Holmgren ,  Matthew Sturm

Inventor： Jonathan Alfred Holmgren ,  Matthew Sturm

IPC: G01K7/22 ,  G01W1/04 ,  G01W1/14 ,  H01C3/04

CPC classification number: G01K7/22 ,  G01W1/04 ,  G01W1/14 ,  Y10T29/49087

Abstract: A temperature and depth probe for accurate temperature measurements in snowontains a temperature sensing element such as thermistor placed in a protective cap affixed to the end of a hollow carbon fiber tubed. Wires connected to the ouput terminals of the temperature sensing element pass through the hollow tube to the input terminals of a temperature indicating instruments. The depth of insertion of the probe into the snow is read from depth markings on the side of the hollow tube.

Abstract translation: 用于在雪中精确测量温度和深度的探头包含一个温度感应元件，例如热敏电阻，放置在固定在中空碳纤维管端的保护帽中。 连接到感温元件的输出端的电线通过中空管到温度指示仪的输入端。 从中空管一侧的深度标记读取探头插入雪中的深度。

公开(公告)号：US5686841A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-11

申请号：US572244

申请日：1995-12-13

Applicant: Larry G. Stolarczyk ,  Gerald Lee Stolarczyk

Inventor： Larry G. Stolarczyk ,  Gerald Lee Stolarczyk

IPC: G01N22/04 ,  G01R23/07 ,  G01N22/00 ,  G01K27/04

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  G01N22/04 ,  G01R23/07

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a roadway sensor for surface installation in a hole such that a thin ceramic contact sensor may be used to measure and cross-compare fundamental physical antenna parameters of the space immediately above a roadway or bridge surface. Measurements are combined by a microprocessor to discriminate between dry pavement, water (rain), snow and ice above the sensor head. Ambient surface temperature, water depth and ice/slush conditions are determined to estimate any hydroplaning hazard and ice/antifreeze/water mixtures. The sensor comprises an antenna that exhibits a resonant frequency and an input admittance including a real term; a Maxwell bridge coupled to the antenna for detecting the resonant frequency, input admittance and real term; and a frequency sweeping oscillator for driving the antenna at a plurality of frequencies proximate in frequency to the resonant frequency. A phase sensitive detector determines an attenuation rate and phase and thereby is able to extract a conductivity (.sigma.) and a dielectric (.epsilon.) measurement. The microprocessor relates the conductivity and dielectric measurements to yield, for example, a pair of estimates for ice and water content and layer thickness.

Abstract translation: 本发明的一个实施例是用于在孔中表面安装的道路传感器，使得可以使用薄陶瓷接触传感器来测量和交叉比较在道路或桥面上方的空间的基本物理天线参数。 测量由微处理器组合，以区分传感器头上方的干燥路面，水（雨），雪和冰。 确定环境表面温度，水深和冰/冰条件以估计任何滑水危险和冰/防冻/水混合物。 传感器包括具有谐振频率的天线和包括实际项的输入导纳; 耦合到天线的麦克斯韦桥，用于检测谐振频率，输入导纳和实际值; 以及用于以频率接近谐振频率的多个频率驱动天线的频率扫描振荡器。 相敏检测器确定衰减速率和相位，从而能够提取电导率（σ）和电介质（ε）测量。 微处理器涉及电导率和电介质测量，以产生例如冰和水含量和层厚度的一对估计。

公开(公告)号：US5483830A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-16

申请号：US108608

申请日：1993-12-08

Applicant: Xaver Dietz ,  Georg Kothmeier

Inventor： Xaver Dietz ,  Georg Kothmeier

IPC: A61B5/20 ,  G01F3/38 ,  G01F11/28 ,  G01W1/14

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  A61B5/208 ,  G01F3/38

Abstract: The invention provides a measuring apparatus for measuring small liquid flows, particularly in the medical sector. The measuring apparatus comprises a siphon unit as a liquid flow sensor, a measuring chamber being located in its retention area. As soon as the liquid supplied to the measuring chamber reaches a given liquid level, the measuring chamber is automatically emptied by the siphon effect. The emptied liquid volume is fixed and constant. The emptying is determined by an optical detector means in the vicinity of the measuring chamber and/or upstream of the outflow area of the siphon unit.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / EP92 / 00499 Sec。 371日期1993年12月8日第 102（e）日期1993年12月8日PCT提交1992年2月5日PCT公布。 第WO92 / 15249号公报 日期：1992年9月17日。本发明提供了一种用于测量小液体流量的测量装置，特别是在医疗领域。 测量装置包括作为液体流量传感器的虹吸单元，位于其保持区域中的测量室。 一旦提供给测量室的液体达到给定的液位，测量室就会被虹吸效应自动排空。 空液体积固定不变。 排空由测量室附近的光学检测器装置和/或虹吸单元的流出区域的上游确定。

公开(公告)号：US5444530A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-22

申请号：US72385

申请日：1993-06-07

Applicant: Ting-I Wang

Inventor： Ting-I Wang

IPC: G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01W1/14 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/85

Abstract: A weather identification system is provided which employs a first photosensitive receiver positioned directly in the path of a beam of light a predetermined distance from a partially coherent light beam source. The first photosensitive receiver is in direct optical communication with the light beam source to produce electronic signals in response to scintillations caused by particle movement between the source and the first receiver. Signals from the detected scintillations are filtered to provide an output having a frequency range above one kilohertz indicative of rain intensity, and a second output having a frequency range lower than two hundred fifty hertz indicative of snow intensity. A second photosensitive receiver is positioned out of the path of the beam of light and is oriented at an oblique angle relative thereto to provide an output indicative of forward scattering of light from scintillations that occur in the beam of light. The signals from the second photosensitive receiver provide an output having a signal strength characteristic of visibility. The weather identification system thereby senses precipitation, categorizes the precipitation as either rain or snow, and measures visibility. The weather condition indicating system is ideal for use in remotely monitoring airfields.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种天气识别系统，其采用直接位于距部分相干光束源预定距离的光束的路径中的第一光敏接收器。 第一光敏接收器与光束源直接光通信，以响应由源和第一接收器之间的粒子运动引起的闪烁而产生电子信号。 从检测到的闪烁的信号被滤波以提供具有指示雨强度的一千赫兹以上的频率范围的输出，以及指示雪强度的频率范围低于二百五十赫兹的第二输出。 第二光敏接收器位于光束的路径之外并且以相对于其的倾斜角度定向以提供指示在光束中发生的来自闪烁的光的向前散射的输出。 来自第二光敏接收器的信号提供具有可见度的信号强度特性的输出。 因此，天气识别系统可以感知降水，将降水分类为雨或雪，并测量可见度。 天气状况指示系统非常适用于远程监控机场。

公开(公告)号：US5440483A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US87331

申请日：1993-07-08

Applicant: Guy Badoche-Jacquet ,  Frederic Blanchet ,  Beatrice Blanchet

Inventor： Guy Badoche-Jacquet ,  Frederic Blanchet ,  Beatrice Blanchet

IPC: G01S13/95 ,  G01W1/02

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  G01S13/95

Abstract: Automatic rain gauges (P00-P0n) are employed within the area of terrain (ZT). A meteorological radar (R1) provides, with a given radar periodicity, a radar image representing rain-bearing cells of concern to the area of terrain. By analyzing the succession of radar images, the main rain-bearing cells are tracked dynamically by their shape and motion. Then a radar rainfall measurement chart is compiled by accumulating, in each pixel of the area of terrain, the precipitations due, during a second chosen time interval, to these main rain-bearing cells, with interpolation of their shapes and positions. At least one sub-array (PA, PB) of four rain gauges separated from one another by about 2 to 4 kilometers and affected by at least one main rain-bearing cell is selected. Finally, the rainfall measurement chart is corrected at least partially as a function of the relation between the accumulated true rainfall data and those from the said chart at the locations of the rain gauges of the sub-array. This allows excellent estimation of the precipitations in each square kilometer of the area of terrain.

Abstract translation: 在地形区域（ZT）内采用自动雨量计（P00-P0n）。 气象雷达（R1）以给定的雷达周期性提供表示地形区域关注的含雨细胞的雷达图像。 通过分析雷达图像的连续性，主要承载单元通过其形状和运动动态跟踪。 然后，在地形区域的每个像素中，通过在第二个选定的时间间隔内累积到这些主要含雨小区，并以其形状和位置的插值来累积雷达降雨测量图。 选择四个雨量计的至少一个子阵列（PA，PB）彼此分开约2至4公里并受至少一个主要承载单元的影响。 最后，降雨测量图被校正至少部分地作为累积的真实降雨数据与来自所述图的那些在子阵列的雨量计的位置之间的关系的函数。 这样可以很好地估计地形区域每平方公里的沉淀物。

公开(公告)号：US5421198A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-06

申请号：US166239

申请日：1993-12-10

Applicant: George H. More, III ,  Mark Whittington ,  John Jeffries

Inventor： George H. More, III ,  Mark Whittington ,  John Jeffries

IPC: G01P5/02 ,  G01P13/02 ,  G01W1/04 ,  G01W1/14 ,  G01W1/00

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  G01P13/02 ,  G01P5/02 ,  G01W1/04

Abstract: A weather monitoring device includes a wind force receiving body supported by a support member and a wind velocity and direction measuring arrangement. The wind velocity and direction measuring arrangement, preferably includes strain gauges mounted upon the support member and measures the magnitude and direction of flex in the support caused by wind acting upon the wind receiving body. Wind direction and velocity are calculated from the flex measured in the support. The velocity and direction measuring arrangement also includes features to compensate for strain gauge offsets and temperature drift. Additionally, a rain monitoring arrangement may be included in the weather monitoring device to provide rain measurements in addition to the wind measurements. The rain monitoring arrangement includes a rain collection surface and a rain volume measuring device. The rain collection surface is completely contained within the wind force receiving body and directs water to the rain volume measuring device. The rain volume measuring device preferably causes droplets having a uniform and known volume to fall upon a piezoelectric transducer and calculates precipitation per unit area from drop signals by the piezoelectric element.

Abstract translation: 天气监视装置包括由支撑构件支撑的风力接收体和风速和方向测量装置。 风速和方向测量装置优选地包括安装在支撑构件上的应变计，并且测量由作用在风力接收体上的风引起的支撑件的挠度的大小和方向。 风向和速度由支撑中测量的挠度计算。 速度和方向测量装置还包括补偿应变计偏移和温度漂移的特征。 此外，除了风测量之外，还可以在天气监测装置中包括雨水监测装置以提供雨量测量。 雨水监测装置包括雨收集表面和雨量测量装置。 雨水收集表面完全包含在风力接收体内，并将水引导到雨量测量装置。 雨量测量装置优选地使具有均匀且已知体积的液滴落在压电换能器上，并且通过压电元件从液滴信号计算每单位面积的沉淀。

公开(公告)号：US5408892A

公开(公告)日：1995-04-25

申请号：US904276

申请日：1992-06-25

Applicant: Shigeharu Kawanami ,  Hiroshi Nagai

Inventor： Shigeharu Kawanami ,  Hiroshi Nagai

IPC: G01N1/10 ,  G01F3/28 ,  G01W1/14

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  G01F3/28

Abstract: A first stage rainfall sampler, which is capable of automatically sampling rainfall step by step without requiring a motive power.A plurality of sampling containers are swingably and detachably hung down from the circumference of a tumbler which is supported so as to revolve within a vertical plane, at intervals so as to correspond to an outlet port of a funnel in turn. The tumbler is provided with a weight for variably forming a balanced condition between it and rainfall contained by the sampling containers.

Abstract translation: 第一级降雨采样器，能够逐步自动采样降雨，无需动力。 多个采样容器从转鼓的圆周方向可摆动地和可拆卸地悬挂，所述转鼓的圆周方向被支撑成在垂直平面内旋转，以便依次对应于漏斗的出口。 制动器具有用于在其与取样容器所包含的降水之间可变地形成平衡状态的重物。

公开(公告)号：US5016196A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-14

申请号：US476124

申请日：1990-02-02

Applicant: Danny A. Nelson ,  Stanley D. Tomich ,  Donald W. Glover ,  Errol V. Allen ,  Jeremy M. Hales ,  Marshall T. Dana

Inventor： Danny A. Nelson ,  Stanley D. Tomich ,  Donald W. Glover ,  Errol V. Allen ,  Jeremy M. Hales ,  Marshall T. Dana

IPC: G01N1/18 ,  G01W1/14

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  G01N1/18

Abstract: The present invention constitutes a rain sampling device adapted for independent operation at locations remote from the user which allows rainfall to be sampled in accordance with any schedule desired by the user. The rain sampling device includes a mechanism for directing wet precipitation into a chamber, a chamber for temporarily holding the precipitation during the process of collection, a valve mechanism for controllably releasing samples of said precipitation from said chamber, a means for distributing the samples released from the holding chamber into vessels adapted for permanently retaining these samples, and an electrical mechanism for regulating the operation of the device.

Abstract translation: 本发明构成了一种雨水采样装置，其适于在远离用户的位置处独立操作，这允许根据用户期望的任何时间表对雨进行采样。 雨水采样装置包括用于将湿沉淀引导到室中的机构，用于在收集过程中暂时保持沉淀的室，用于可控地从所述室中释放所述沉淀的样品的阀机构，用于分配从 将容纳室容纳在适于永久保持这些样品的容器中，以及用于调节装置的操作的电气机构。