公开(公告)号：US5134281A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-28

申请号：US631871

申请日：1990-12-21

Applicant: Earl L. Bryenton ,  Frank Johnson ,  Menno Stoffels ,  Alan L. Bryenton

Inventor： Earl L. Bryenton ,  Frank Johnson ,  Menno Stoffels ,  Alan L. Bryenton

IPC: A61B5/103 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/113 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01M11/08

CPC classification number: G01M11/083 ,  A61B5/1073 ,  A61B5/1126 ,  A61B5/1135 ,  G01B11/18 ,  G01D5/35374 ,  G01H9/004 ,  G01L1/243 ,  G01L1/245 ,  A61B2562/0266

Abstract: An optical sensor comprising an optical fiber having a core covered by a cladding, the cladding having an index of refraction different from that of the core, apparatus for retaining the fiber in a sinuously looped disposition, apparatus for fixing the fiber to an object to be sensed whereby movement to be sensed results in one or both of accordion expansion and contraction of loops of the fiber and microbending of the fiber, apparatus for applying a first optical signal into one end of the fiber, apparatus for detecting a resulting optical signal from the other end of the fiber, and apparatus for comparing the first and resulting optical signals to obtain an indication of the movement.

Abstract translation: 一种光学传感器，包括具有由包层覆盖的芯的光纤，所述包层具有不同于所述芯的折射率，用于将光纤保持在环形配置中的装置，用于将光纤固定到物体的装置 感测到，要被感测的运动导致光纤的环路和光纤微弯曲的手风琴膨胀和收缩中的一个或两个，用于将第一光信号施加到光纤的一端的装置，用于从光纤的一端检测所得到的光信号的装置 光纤的另一端，以及用于比较第一和所得光信号以获得移动指示的装置。

公开(公告)号：US5095514A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-10

申请号：US394106

申请日：1989-08-14

Applicant: Alan C. Curtis

Inventor： Alan C. Curtis

IPC: G01D5/353 ,  G01L1/24

CPC classification number: G01L1/243 ,  G01D5/35377

Abstract: A fibre optic sensor 1 comprises a body 2 of a matrix material which includes an embedded length of optical fibre 3. When the body 2 is exposed to an external disturbance, mechanical and strain forces arising internally can be transmitted to the fibre 3 and will modify the passage of light therein. Pulsed light through the fibre 3 can be sensed for example by interferometry to measure the disturbance. This can provide an inexpensive and sensitive sensor construction which is capable of the remote detection of various parameters.

公开(公告)号：US4984863A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-15

申请号：US410520

申请日：1989-09-21

Applicant: Olivier Parriaux ,  Victor Neuman ,  Guy Voirin

Inventor： Olivier Parriaux ,  Victor Neuman ,  Guy Voirin

IPC: G01L1/24 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02F1/01

CPC classification number: G01L1/243

Abstract: An optical waveguide force meter for the measurement of forces or stresses integrated on a single substrate, including: a single-mode transducer waveguide supporting only the stresses which are applied through the intermediate portion of an upper plate of the force meter; a coupling/mixing grating having N focussing concave gratings provided adjacent an exit end of the optical waveguide; N detectors arranged at each of the N focussing points of waves defracted by the coupling/mixing grating; N TM polarization filters arranged respectively between each concave grating and each detector; and a single-mode laser source. The waveguide, coupling/mixing grating and polarization filters are all provided on the single substrate. The single-mode laser source and detectors are supported by the substrate and by an underlying base plate member.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量集成在单个基板上的力或应力的光波导力计，包括：单模式换能器波导，其仅支撑通过力计的上板的中间部分施加的应力; 耦合/混合光栅，其具有邻近光波导的出射端设置的N个聚焦凹形光栅; N个检测器布置在由耦合/混合光栅消除的波的N个聚焦点中的每一个处; N TM偏振滤光器分别布置在每个凹光栅和每个检测器之间; 和单模激光源。 波导，耦合/混合光栅和偏振滤光片都在单个基板上提供。 单模激光源和检测器由衬底和底层基板构件支撑。

公开(公告)号：US4814562A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-21

申请号：US119952

申请日：1987-11-13

Applicant: Marcus C. Langston

Inventor： Marcus C. Langston

IPC: G01L1/24 ,  G01D5/30 ,  B25J15/02

CPC classification number: G01L1/24 ,  G01L1/243 ,  G01L1/247

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes at least one light conducting opening extending generally parallel to a pressure receiving face of a deformable body and a light emitting and a light receiving device at opposite ends of the light transmitting opening. A cross sectional area of the light transmitting opening, and correspondingly the light transmitting capability of the opening, vary in response to changing pressures applied to the pressure receiving face, which is determined by the light receiver. A measuring circuit for the light receiver is also provided.

Abstract translation: 压力传感器包括大致平行于可变形体的压力接收面延伸的至少一个导光开口，以及在透光开口的相对端处的发光和光接收装置。 透光开口的横截面面积以及对应的开口的透光能力响应由受光面决定的压力接收面的变化压力而变化。 还提供了用于光接收器的测量电路。

公开(公告)号：US4812645A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-14

申请号：US32042

申请日：1987-03-27

Applicant: Richard W. Griffiths

Inventor： Richard W. Griffiths

IPC: G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01M11/08 ,  G01P13/00

CPC classification number: G01M11/086 ,  G01B11/18 ,  G01L1/243 ,  G01L1/245 ,  G01P13/00

Abstract: An optical fiber is securely and continuously engaged by a structure such as a pipeline, offshore platform, bridge, building, dam or even a natural object or fluid medium. A light signal is passed into one end of the optical fiber. Any physical movement of the structure, or sectional movements along the optical fiber path, such as deflection, bending, displacement (changes in linear uniformity) or fracture of the structure caused, for example, by stress, strain, pressure, temperature, etc., will necessarily affect the optical fiber. As a consequence, detectable changes will occur in the "electro-optic signature" (for measurements made at the input end of the optical fiber) or in the light signal transmission (for measurements made at the opposite end of the optical fiber). Such measurements made at the input end include reflections resulting from Rayleigh back-scattering and can periodically or continuously be made to determine the magnitude and location of the aforementioned physical movements of the structure. In addition, by utilizing additional optical fibers, the direction and rate, i.e., dynamics, of such physical movements can be determined. The optical fiber itself can be used as a communication link for the transmission of data and voice.

Abstract translation: 光纤通过管道，海上平台，桥梁，建筑物，大坝，甚至自然物体或流体介质等结构可靠地连续地接合。 光信号被传送到光纤的一端。 结构的任何物理运动或沿着光纤路径的截面运动，例如由应力，应变，压力，温度等导致的偏转，弯曲，位移（线性均匀度的变化）或结构的断裂。 ，必然会影响光纤。 因此，在“电光签名”（用于在光纤的输入端进行的测量）或光信号传输（用于在光纤的相对端进行的测量）将发生可检测的变化。 在输入端进行的这种测量包括由瑞利背散射产生的反射，并且可周期地或连续地进行测量以确定上述结构的物理运动的大小和位置。 此外，通过利用附加光纤，可以确定这种物理运动的方向和速率，即动力学。 光纤本身可以用作传输数据和语音的通信链路。

公开(公告)号：US4659923A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-21

申请号：US549875

申请日：1983-11-09

Applicant: John W. Hicks, Jr.

Inventor： John W. Hicks, Jr.

IPC: G01B9/02 ,  G01D5/34 ,  G01J9/00 ,  G01L1/24 ,  H01J5/16

CPC classification number: G01D5/344 ,  G01L1/243

Abstract: A sensor or transducer having a dual path optical fiber, such as a single mode, two polarization state, waveguide fiber, utilizes the relative change in propagation constant of the paths to sense and transduce an applied force to an interference variation and ultimately an electrical signal. In this arrangement, in-phase light is introduced to both polarized states or paths in the fiber and transmitted therealong past a stress area of birefringement inducing force and ultimately combined, thereby producing in the combined beam a variation in interference which is related to the applied force. Specific structures are provided for converting isotropic forces such as pressure and temperature to anisotropic forces on the fiber to thereby produce birefringement and to also magnify the latter effect.

Abstract translation: 具有双路径光纤的传感器或传感器，例如单模，两极化状态，波导光纤，利用路径的传播常数的相对变化来感测和转换施加的力到干扰变化并最终导致电信号 。 在这种布置中，同相光被引入光纤中的两个极化状态或路径，并且通过双折射诱导力的应力区域并且最终组合，从而在组合光束中产生与应用的相关的干涉变化 力。 提供了具体的结构，用于将诸如压力和温度的各向同性力转化为纤维上的各向异性力，从而产生双折射并且还可以放大后一种效果。

公开(公告)号：US4515473A

公开(公告)日：1985-05-07

申请号：US650229

申请日：1984-09-13

Applicant: Marc D. Mermelstein

Inventor： Marc D. Mermelstein

IPC: G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01B11/18

CPC classification number: G01L1/243 ,  G01B11/18

Abstract: A signal processor is arranged to process polarized light signals obtained from a stress sensor of the type having a photoelastic element that responds to stress by causing a phase difference between components of the polarized light propagating through that element. The stress sensor provides two output beams, each of which has a different polarized component of the transmitted light. The signal processor employs a pair of photodetectors which respond to the intensities of the two polarized light beams by converting the polarized light into electrical signals. Those two electrical signals provide the inputs to a difference differentiator that provides an output proportional to the difference between the derivatives of the inputs. The two electrical output signals of the photodetectors are also applied as inputs to a multiplier whose output is related to the product of its inputs. The square root of the output of the multiplier is obtained from a square root device and is used as the divisor in a divider whose numerator is the output of the difference differentiator. The output of the divider is applied to the input of an integrator whose output is a measure of the stress imposed on the photoelastic element.

Abstract translation: 信号处理器被布置成处理从具有光弹性元件的类型的应力传感器获得的偏振光信号，所述光弹性元件通过引起通过该元件传播的偏振光的分量之间的相位差而响应于应力。 应力传感器提供两个输出光束，每个输出光束具有透射光的不同偏振分量。 信号处理器采用一对光电检测器，其通过将偏振光转换成电信号来响应两个偏振光束的强度。 这两个电信号为差分微分器提供输入，该差分微分器提供与输入的导数之间的差成比例的输出。 光电检测器的两个电输出信号也被用作输入到其输出与其输入的乘积相关联的乘法器。 乘法器的输出的平方根从平方根器件获得，并用作分频器中的除数，其分子是差分微分器的输出。 分频器的输出被施加到积分器的输入，该积分器的输出是施加在光弹元件上的应力的量度。

公开(公告)号：US4420251A

公开(公告)日：1983-12-13

申请号：US334998

申请日：1981-12-28

Applicant: Kenneth A. James ,  William H. Quick ,  Rudolf R. August ,  Virgil H. Strahan

Inventor： Kenneth A. James ,  William H. Quick ,  Rudolf R. August ,  Virgil H. Strahan

IPC: G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01M11/08

CPC classification number: G01M11/083 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/243

Abstract: This invention relates to a lightweight and compact optical sensor that provides an indication of a deformation (e.g. fatigue, vibration, flex, torsion, bending, slippage) occurring at a monitored area. The sensor includes at least one light transmitting optical fiber and an optical detector that is responsive to the optical characteristics (e.g. amplitude, phase, polarization angle) of a supply of light signals being transmitted through the fiber. In the event that deformation occurs at the monitored region, the optical fiber undergoes a displacement which thereby causes a corresponding change in the optical characteristics of the light signals supplied to the detector. The optical characteristics of the light signals supplied to the detector relative to those of the light signals supplied to the optical fiber provide an accurate indication of the physical parameter.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种重量轻且紧凑的光学传感器，其提供在被监视区域处发生的变形（例如疲劳，振动，弯曲，弯曲，弯曲，滑动）的指示。 该传感器包括至少一个光传输光纤和光学检测器，其响应通过光纤传输的光信号的光学特性（例如振幅，相位，极化角）。 在被监视区域发生变形的情况下，光纤发生位移，由此导致提供给检测器的光信号的光学特性的相应变化。 提供给检测器的光信号的光学特性相对于提供给光纤的光信号的光信号提供了物理参数的精确指示。

公开(公告)号：US11906334B2

公开(公告)日：2024-02-20

申请号：US17275490

申请日：2019-09-06

Applicant: OptaSense Holdings Limited

Inventor： Alastair Godfrey ,  Robert Ellwood

IPC: G01D5/353 ,  G01K11/3206 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01L11/02 ,  G01R33/032

CPC classification number: G01D5/35377 ,  G01K11/3206 ,  G01L1/243 ,  G01L11/025 ,  G01R33/0327

Abstract: A fibre optic cable structure (300) suitable for fibre optic sensing with an improved sensitivity to an environmental parameter is described. The structure (300) includes an optical fibre (301) and a bend inducer (304) responsive to the environmental parameter to control bending of the optical fibre. The bend inducer (304) is configured to adopt a first configuration, that induces a first curvature of the optical fibre, at a first value of the environmental parameter and to adopt a second configuration at a second, different, value of the environmental parameter that induces a second, different, curvature of the optical fibre. By action of the bend inducer (304) a change in value of the environmental parameter imparts a bending force on the optical fibre.

公开(公告)号：US20180087371A1

公开(公告)日：2018-03-29

申请号：US15675505

申请日：2017-08-11

Applicant: WEATHERFORD CANADA PARTNERSHIP

Inventor： Andre R. VINCELETTE ,  Jason S. KIDDY ,  John B. NIEMCZUK ,  Christopher S. BALDWIN ,  Paul LEFEBVRE

IPC: E21B47/06 ,  G02B6/50 ,  G01L1/24 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B47/12

CPC classification number: E21B47/06 ,  E21B43/2406 ,  E21B43/2408 ,  E21B47/123 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G01L1/243 ,  G01L1/247 ,  G02B6/504

Abstract: A sensor arrangement using an optical fiber and methodologies for performing an analysis of a subterranean formation, such as a subterranean formation containing a hydrocarbon based fluid. The sensor arrangement may be used to measure one or more physical parameters, such as temperature and/or pressure, at a multiplicity of locations in the subterranean reservoir. The sensor arrangement may comprise a sensor array comprising an elongated outer casing for insertion in the subterranean formation and into a fluid in the subterranean formation. The sensor array may comprise an optical fiber defining an optical path that links one or more temperature sensors and one or more pressure sensors and transports measurement data generated by the temperature and pressure sensors. A data processing system may be connected to the sensor array to receive measurements from the sensor array and to compute one or more values of a property of an extraction installation operating on the subterranean formation.