公开(公告)号：US5224182A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-29

申请号：US751738

申请日：1991-08-29

申请人： Kent A. Murphy ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Michael F. Gunther ,  Brian R. Fogg ,  Richard O. Claus

发明人： Kent A. Murphy ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Michael F. Gunther ,  Brian R. Fogg ,  Richard O. Claus

IPC分类号： G01B11/16 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G01H9/004 ,  G01B11/18 ,  G01D5/35309 ,  G01D5/3538

摘要： Tapered two-mode optic fibers are used as sensors with sensitivity varying as a function of length. The optical fiber sensors act as vibrational-mode filters thereby performing initial signal processing of the sensor signal. The sensors are based on the differential propagation constant in a two-mode fiber that is directly dependent on the normalized frequency or V-number. Tapering the fiber changes the V-number and hence can change the sensitivity of the sensor along its length. By choosing an appropriate weighting function in the manufacture of the sensor, it is possible to implement vibrational-mode analysis, vibrational-mode filtering and other functions that are critical in control system applications.

摘要翻译： 锥形双模光纤被用作灵敏度随长度变化的传感器。 光纤传感器用作振动模式滤波器，由此执行传感器信号的初始信号处理。 传感器基于直接取决于归一化频率或V数的双模光纤中的差分传播常数。 纤维的锥度改变了V号，因此可以改变传感器沿其长度的灵敏度。 通过在传感器的制造中选择适当的加权函数，可以实现在控制系统应用中至关重要的振动模式分析，振动模式滤波和其他功能。

公开(公告)号：US5550940A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-27

申请号：US393754

申请日：1995-02-24

申请人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Kenneth L. Walker

发明人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Kenneth L. Walker

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/287 ,  G02B6/293 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G02B6/02095 ,  G02B6/29334

摘要： In accordance with the invention, an optical filter comprises a plurality of optical fibers having a coupling region where the axially extending cores are closely spaced within a common cladding. The coupling region includes a long period grating for selectively shifting light of selected wavelengths from guided modes into non-guided modes. These non-guided modes are picked up by an adjacent core and light of the selected wavelengths is thus shifted from one core to another. The result is an optical filter particularly useful as a demultiplexer or a tapping device. In one embodiment the grating is formed in one of the cores. In an alternative embodiment, it is formed in the common cladding.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，光学滤波器包括具有耦合区域的多个光纤，其中轴向延伸的芯在公共包层内紧密间隔开。 耦合区域包括用于选择性地将所选波长的光从引导模式移动到非引导模式的长周期光栅。 这些非引导模式被相邻的核拾取，并且所选择的波长的光因此从一个核移动到另一个核。 结果是作为解复用器或分接装置特别有用的滤光器。 在一个实施例中，光栅形成在一个芯中。 在替代实施例中，它形成在公共包层中。

公开(公告)号：US5478371A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-26

申请号：US305235

申请日：1994-09-13

申请人： Paul J. Lemaire ,  William A. Reed ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar

发明人： Paul J. Lemaire ,  William A. Reed ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  C03B32/00 ,  C03C23/00 ,  C03C25/00 ,  C03C25/62 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/13 ,  C03B37/10

CPC分类号： C03C23/00 ,  C03C23/001 ,  C03C23/007 ,  C03C25/00 ,  C03C25/002 ,  C03C25/6213 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/13 ,  G02B2006/12038 ,  G02B6/02133 ,  G02B6/02142

摘要： In accordance with the invention, the index of refraction of a region of a glass body is selectively increased by treating the material with hydrogen and then simultaneously applying heat and actinic radiation to the region. Preferably the body is heated to a temperature in excess of 150.degree. C. and the heat and radiation are simultaneously applied. The result is a substantial and long-lived increase in excess of 5.times.10.sup.-5 in the refractive index of the irradiated region. This process can be used to make and adjust a variety of optical waveguide devices such as photoinduced Bragg gratings.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，通过用氢处理材料然后同时向该区域施加热和光化辐射来选择性地增加玻璃体区域的折射率。 优选地，将身体加热至超过150℃的温度，同时施加热量和辐射。 结果是照射区域的折射率超过5×10 -5的实质和长寿命的增加。 该过程可用于制造和调整各种光波导器件，例如光导布拉格光栅。

公开(公告)号：US5430817A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-04

申请号：US220866

申请日：1994-03-31

申请人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar

发明人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04B10/18 ,  H04B10/28 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 ,  G02B6/02095 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H04B10/291 ,  H04B10/2941 ,  H01S2301/04

摘要： In accordance with the present invention, optical fiber communications systems are provided with one or more long period spectral shaping devices to shift light of unwanted wavelength from guided modes into non-guided modes. Such devices can be used for removing unused laser pump energy, for removing amplified spontaneous emission, and for flattening the spectral response of an erbium amplifier. Such devices can also provide optical fiber sensing systems with inexpensive shift detectors.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，光纤通信系统设置有一个或多个长周期光谱整形装置，用于将不想要的波长的光从导模转换成非引导模式。 这样的器件可用于去除未使用的激光泵能量，用于去除放大的自发发射，以及使铒放大器的光谱响应变平坦。 这样的设备还可以提供具有便宜的移动检测器的光纤传感系统。

公开(公告)号：US5416863A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-16

申请号：US176362

申请日：1993-12-30

申请人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar

发明人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar

IPC分类号： G02B6/13 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/14 ,  G02B6/26

CPC分类号： G02B6/02052 ,  G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/14

摘要： In accordance with the invention, a mode-field transforming waveguide region comprise an elongated glass core surrounded by glass cladding wherein the normalized index differential between the cladding and the core (termed .DELTA.) varies along the length. Preferably the waveguide comprises an optical fiber having a hydrogen-loaded germanosilicate core. The variation of .DELTA. as a function of longitudinal distance can be effected by exposing the fiber to ultraviolet light and varying the dosage of exposure as a function of longitudinal distance.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，模场变换波导区域包括由玻璃包层围绕的细长玻璃芯，其中包层和芯之间的归一化折射率差异（称为DELTA）沿长度变化。 优选地，波导包括具有负载氢的锗硅酸盐芯的光纤。 作为纵向距离的函数的DELTA的变化可以通过将光纤暴露于紫外光并根据纵向距离改变曝光剂量来实现。

公开(公告)号：US5559907A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

申请号：US198802

申请日：1994-02-17

申请人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

发明人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G01Q60/00 ,  G01Q80/00 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/27 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B6/00 ,  C03B37/023

CPC分类号： G02B6/02109 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G02B21/002 ,  G02B6/105 ,  G02B6/02123 ,  G02B6/02152

摘要： A method of controlling the polarization properties of a photo-induced device in an optical waveguide and a method of investigating the structure of a light guiding body such as an optical waveguide are disclosed. A device, such as gratings, is written by exposing one side of the optical waveguide to light. The unexposed side is then exposed to an amount of light sufficient to impart the desired birefringence to the written device. The birefringence can be minimized in the written device by exposing the opposite side to light in an amount sufficient to minimize the amount of birefringence. The light guiding body is investigated by cleaving the elongated light guiding body, such as an optical waveguide, to expose its cross-section. The cleaved section is then treated to expose difference between the core and cladding. Treatment may include etching in an acid or base. The cross-section is then profiled with a scanning probe microscope such as an atomic force microscope to investigate the structure of the light guiding body. The difference in refractive index can be determined across the cleaved endface based on differences in the etched depth.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种控制光波导中的感光器件的偏振特性的方法以及研究诸如光波导之类的导光体的结构的方法。 通过将光波导的一侧曝光来写入诸如光栅的装置。 然后将未曝光的一面曝光到足以赋予书写装置所需双折射的光量。 通过将相对侧的光暴露于足以使双折射量最小化的量，可以在书写装置中最小化双折射。 通过切割诸如光波导的细长导光体来研究导光体以暴露其横截面。 然后处理切割的部分以暴露芯和包层之间的差异。 处理可以包括在酸或碱中蚀刻。 然后用诸如原子力显微镜的扫描探针显微镜对横截面进行成形，以研究导光体的结构。 基于蚀刻深度的差异，可以在切割的端面上确定折射率的差异。

公开(公告)号：US5550948A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-27

申请号：US400893

申请日：1995-03-08

申请人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

发明人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G01Q60/00 ,  G01Q80/00 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/27 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/02109 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G02B21/002 ,  G02B6/105 ,  G02B6/02123 ,  G02B6/02152

摘要： A method of controlling the polarization properties of a photo-induced device in an optical waveguide and a method of investigating the structure of a light guiding body such as an optical waveguide are disclosed. A device, such as gratings, is written by exposing one side of the optical waveguide to light. The unexposed side is then exposed to an amount of light sufficient to impart the desired birefringence to the written devices. The birefringence can be minimized in the written device by exposing the opposite side to light in an amount sufficient to minimize the amount of birefringence. The light guiding body is investigated by cleaving the elongated light guiding body, such as an optical waveguide, to expose its cross-section. The cleaved section is then treated to expose difference between the core and cladding. Treatment may include etching in an acid or base. The cross-section is then profiled with a scanning probe microscope such as an atomic force microscope to investigate the structure of the light guiding body. The difference in refractive index can be determined across the cleaved endface based on differences in the etched depth.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种控制光波导中的感光器件的偏振特性的方法以及研究诸如光波导之类的导光体的结构的方法。 通过将光波导的一侧曝光来写入诸如光栅的装置。 然后将未曝光的一面暴露于足以给写入的装置赋予期望的双折射的一定量的光。 通过将相对侧的光暴露于足以使双折射量最小化的量，可以在书写装置中最小化双折射。 通过切割诸如光波导的细长导光体来研究导光体以暴露其横截面。 然后处理切割的部分以暴露芯和包层之间的差异。 处理可以包括在酸或碱中蚀刻。 然后用诸如原子力显微镜的扫描探针显微镜对横截面进行成形，以研究导光体的结构。 基于蚀刻深度的差异，可以在切割的端面上确定折射率的差异。

公开(公告)号：US5448674A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-05

申请号：US197379

申请日：1994-02-16

申请人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Kenneth L. Walker

发明人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Kenneth L. Walker

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/028 ,  G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/34 ,  H04B10/18 ,  G02B6/10

CPC分类号： G02B6/02261 ,  G02B6/02047 ,  G02B6/03644 ,  G02B6/29374 ,  H04B10/2525 ,  G02B6/0281 ,  G02B6/03611

摘要： Disclosed is optical fiber that can advantageously be used to compensate chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber communication system, typically a system that is upgraded from 1.3 .mu.m to 1.55 .mu.m operating wavelength (.lambda..sub.op). The fiber typically has a power law core refractive index profile, a refractive index "trench" surrounding the core, and a refractive index "ridge" surrounding the trench. The refractive index profile of the fiber preferably is designed such that the fiber supports the fundamental mode (LP.sub.01), does not support the LP.sub.11 mode but does support the LP.sub.02 mode, all at .lambda..sub.op. At .lambda..sub.op, LP.sub.01 has dispersion more negative than -150 ps/nm.multidot.km and, in a preferred embodiment, LP.sub.01 also has negative dispersion slope at .lambda..sub.op. In a further embodiment of the invention the refractive index profile is designed such that the cut-off wavelength of the LP.sub.11 mode is less than that of the higher order mode, typically LP.sub.02, and less than .lambda..sub.op, such that the fiber does not support propagation of the LP.sub.11 mode. In some preferred embodiments the fiber is designed to have dispersion more negative than about -90 ps/nm.multidot.km and loss less than about 0.5 dB/km at .lambda..sub.op .about.1.55 .mu.m.

摘要翻译： 公开了可以有利地用于补偿光纤通信系统中的色散的光纤，通常是从1.3μm升级到1.55μm工作波长（λop）的系统。 光纤典型地具有功率定律纤芯折射率分布，围绕芯的折射率“沟槽”和围绕沟槽的折射率“脊”。 纤维的折射率分布优选地被设计成使得光纤支持基本模式（LP01），不支持LP11模式，但是都支持LP02模式，全部在λop。 在λop处，LP01具有比-150ps / nm×km更负的色散，并且在优选实施例中，LP01在λop处也具有负色散斜率。 在本发明的另一实施例中，折射率分布被设计为使得LP11模式的截止波长小于高阶模式（通常为LP02）并且小于λop，使得光纤不支持 传播LP11模式。 在一些优选实施例中，光纤被设计为具有比约90ps / nm×km更负的色散，并且在λ操作差1.55μm处的损耗小于约0.5dB / km。

公开(公告)号：US5641956A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-24

申请号：US595734

申请日：1996-02-02

申请人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Vikram Bhatia ,  Jonathan A. Greene ,  Kent A. Murphy

发明人： Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Vikram Bhatia ,  Jonathan A. Greene ,  Kent A. Murphy

IPC分类号： G01D5/353 ,  G02B6/14 ,  H01J5/16

CPC分类号： G02B6/14 ,  G01D5/35345 ,  G01D5/35377 ,  G02B6/02095 ,  G02B6/02195

摘要： An optical waveguide sensor arrangement for sensing at least one physical parameter is provided. This arrangement comprises an optical waveguide having guided modes, lossy non-guided modes, and a long period grating coupling the guided modes to the lossy non-guided modes wherein the long period grating produces a wavelength transmission spectrum functionally dependent on the physical parameter sensed. A source means provides light to the optical waveguide sensor and an optoelectronic detector, which is positioned in an operable relationship to the optical waveguide sensor, detects light transmitted through the optical waveguide sensor. Lastly, a processing means is attached to the optoelectronic detector for correlating the wavelength transmission spectrum with a numerical value for the physical parameter sensed. The physical parameters sensed by the optical waveguide sensor include: temperature, strain, shape, refractive index and corrosion.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于感测至少一个物理参数的光波导传感器装置。 这种布置包括具有引导模式，有损非导向模式的光波导和将引导模式耦合到有损非导向模式的长周期光栅，其中长周期光栅在功能上产生取决于所感测的物理参数的波长透射光谱。 源装置向光波导传感器提供光，并且以与光波导传感器可操作的关系定位的光电检测器检测透过光波导传感器的光。 最后，将一个处理装置连接到光电检测器，用于将波长透射光谱与感测物理参数的数值相关联。 由光波导传感器检测的物理参数包括：温度，应变，形状，折射率和腐蚀。

公开(公告)号：US5528716A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US400892

申请日：1995-03-08

申请人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

发明人： Daryl Inniss ,  Ashish M. Vengsarkar ,  Qian Zhong

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G01Q60/00 ,  G01Q80/00 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/27 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/02109 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G02B21/002 ,  G02B6/105 ,  G02B6/02123 ,  G02B6/02152

摘要： A method of controlling the polarization properties of a photo-induced device in an optical waveguide and a method of investigating the structure of a light guiding body such as an optical waveguide are disclosed. A device, such as gratings, is written by exposing one side of the optical waveguide to light. The unexposed side is then exposed to an amount of light sufficient to impart the desired birefringence to the written device. The birefringence can be minimized in the written device by exposing the opposite side to light in an amount sufficient to minimize the amount of birefringence. The light guiding body is investigated by cleaving the elongated light guiding body, such as an optical waveguide, to expose its cross-section. The cleaved section is then treated to expose difference between the core and cladding. Treatment may include etching in an acid or base. The cross-section is then profiled with a scanning probe microscope such as an atomic force microscope to investigate the structure of the light guiding body. The difference in refractive index can be determined across the cleaved endface based on differences in the etched depth.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种控制光波导中的感光器件的偏振特性的方法以及研究诸如光波导之类的导光体的结构的方法。 通过将光波导的一侧曝光来写入诸如光栅的装置。 然后将未曝光的一面曝光到足以赋予书写装置所需双折射的光量。 通过将相对侧的光暴露于足以使双折射量最小化的量，可以在书写装置中最小化双折射。 通过切割诸如光波导的细长导光体来研究导光体以暴露其横截面。 然后处理切割的部分以暴露芯和包层之间的差异。 处理可以包括在酸或碱中蚀刻。 然后用诸如原子力显微镜的扫描探针显微镜对横截面进行成形，以研究导光体的结构。 基于蚀刻深度的差异，可以在切割的端面上确定折射率的差异。