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1.发明授权Ethanol production with two stage continuous steam pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass 有权乙醇生产与两阶段连续蒸汽预处理木质纤维素生物质公开(公告)号：US09255189B2
公开(公告)日：2016-02-09
申请号：US13554601
申请日：2012-07-20
CPC分类号： C08H8/00 , C08B37/0057 , Y02E50/16 , Y02E50/343
摘要： Disclosed is a method of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, including a two stage steam pretreatment process. The first stage of the steam pretreatment is carried out by heating the biomass with high pressure steam to a first stage temperature of 140° C. to 180° C. for a first stage time of 30 minutes to 2 hours at a first stage pressure of 105 to 150 psig; and the second steam pretreatment stage is carried out by heating the biomass with high pressure steam to raise the biomass temperature to a second stage temperature of 190° C. to 210° C. for a second stage time of 2 to 10 minutes at a second stage pressure of 167 to 262 psig. Hemicellulose and inhibitors (inhibitory compounds) to downstream hydrolysis and fermentation are preferably removed between the first and second pretreating stages, more preferably after each pretreatment stage.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种从木质纤维素生物质生产乙醇的方法，包括两阶段蒸汽预处理方法。 蒸汽预处理的第一阶段是通过用高压蒸汽将生物质加热至140℃至180℃的第一阶段温度进行，第一阶段时间为30分钟至2小时，在第一阶段的压力 105至150 psig; 并且通过用高压蒸汽加热生物质来进行第二蒸汽预处理阶段，以将生物质温度升至190℃至210℃的第二阶段温度，第二阶段时间为2至10分钟 阶段压力为167至262psig。 优选在第一和第二预处理阶段之间去除下游水解和发酵的半纤维素和抑制剂（抑制化合物），更优选在每个预处理阶段之后。
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公开(公告)号：US08642303B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-04
申请号：US12644935
申请日：2009-12-22
摘要： A process for the production of ethanol wherein a hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass is fermented in the presence of a stillage residue. The fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysates is improved by adding prior to and/or during fermentation a stillage residue side stream from a corn starch-to-ethanol process as a nutrient source for the yeast organisms used in the fermentation. Stillage residues from the grain dry mill ethanol producing process, including the whole stillage, wet cake, thin stillage, and/or syrup are added to assist as a nitrogen and nutrient source for the fermentive processes. The stillage residue is produced by any grain-to-ethanol process.
摘要翻译： 一种生产乙醇的方法，其中水解的木质纤维素生物质在釜馏残渣存在下发酵。 纤维素水解产物的发酵通过在发酵之前和/或发酵过程中添加作为用于发酵的酵母生物的营养源的玉米淀粉 - 乙醇方法的釜渣残留物流进行改进。 添加来自谷物干磨乙醇生产过程的残留物，包括整个釜渣，湿饼，薄釜渣和/或糖浆，以辅助作为发酵过程的氮和营养源。 釜渣残留物通过任何谷物 - 乙醇方法生产。
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3.发明授权Separation of reactive cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass with high lignin content 失效活性纤维素与木质素含量高的木质纤维素生物质分离公开(公告)号：US08603295B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-10
申请号：US12766339
申请日：2010-04-23
CPC分类号： D21C3/20 , C08H8/00 , C12P7/10 , C12P2201/00 , D21B1/36 , D21C3/04 , D21C3/222 , D21C11/0007 , Y02E50/16
摘要： A process for separating the components of lignocellulosic biomass for the purpose of producing a pure reactive cellulose is disclosed. The process has two stages. In the first stage, the lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated with steam, with or without an acid catalyst, and then pressed, with or without the presence of an eluent, to remove hemicellulose and other impurities. In the second stage, the pretreated biomass is extracted with a solvent such as ethanol with or without acid catalysts in order to remove lignin and release a purified cellulose stream. The extracted cellulose is then rapidly decompressed to rupture the fibrous structure. The process provides a purified cellulose stream that is relatively easy to hydrolyze with enzymes and ferment to biofuels and other chemicals such as ethanol.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于分离用于生产纯反应性纤维素的木质纤维素生物质组分的方法。 这个过程有两个阶段。 在第一阶段，木质纤维素生物质用蒸汽预处理，具有或不具有酸催化剂，然后在或不存在洗脱液的情况下压制以除去半纤维素和其它杂质。 在第二阶段中，用或不用酸催化剂的溶剂如乙醇提取预处理的生物质，以除去木质素并释放纯化的纤维素流。 然后将提取的纤维素快速减压以破坏纤维结构。 该方法提供了一种纯化的纤维素流，其相对容易用酶水解并发酵成生物燃料和其它化学物质如乙醇。
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公开(公告)号：US20130209337A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-15
申请号：US13880235
申请日：2011-10-10
IPC分类号： B01D53/94
CPC分类号： B01D53/9422 , B01D2255/1021 , B01D2255/1023 , B01D2255/1025 , B01D2255/202 , B01D2255/2042 , B01D2255/2063 , B01D2255/2065 , B01D2255/2068 , B01D2255/20715 , B01D2255/2092 , B01D2255/30 , B01D2255/9022 , B01D2255/91 , B01D2258/012 , B01J21/08 , B01J23/04 , B01J23/40 , B01J23/464 , B01J23/63 , B01J35/04 , B01J37/0244
摘要： A NOx storage component comprises caesium silicate (Cs2SiO3) and at least one platinum group metal. The invention also includes a NOx absorber catalyst comprising a NOx storage component according to the invention disposed on a substrate monolith; a method of treating exhaust gas containing NOx from a lean burn internal combustion engine comprising the steps of contacting a NOx storage component comprising caesium silicate (Cs2SiO3) and at least one platinum group metal with lean exhaust gas containing NOx to adsorb NOx thereon; and periodically desorbing adsorbed NOx by contacting the NOx storage component vent with stoichiometric or rich exhaust gas; and a method of making a NOx storage component according to the invention comprising the steps of combining and reacting an aqueous salt of at least one platinum group metal, an aqueous caesium salt and a source of silica.
摘要翻译： NOx存储组分包括硅酸铯（Cs 2 SiO 3）和至少一种铂族金属。 本发明还包括一种NOx吸收剂催化剂，其包括设置在基底单块上的根据本发明的NOx储存组分; 一种从稀燃内燃机处理含有NOx的废气的方法，包括以下步骤：使包含硅酸铯（Cs 2 SiO 3）和至少一种铂族金属的NOx储存组分与含有NOx的贫废气接触， 并通过使NOx储存部件通气口与化学计量或浓缩的废气接触来定期解吸吸附的NOx; 以及制备根据本发明的NOx存储组分的方法，包括以下步骤：将至少一种铂族金属，水性铯盐和二氧化硅源的含水盐混合并反应。
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5.发明申请FRACTIONATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FOR CELLULOSIC ETHANOL AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTION 审中-公开纤维素乙醇纤维素生物质的分解和化学生产公开(公告)号：US20130017589A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-17
申请号：US13551087
申请日：2012-07-17
CPC分类号： D21B1/36 , C12P7/10 , C13K1/02 , C13K13/002 , Y02E50/16
摘要： A process is defined for the continuous steam pretreatment and fractionation of corn cobs and low lignin lignocellulosic biomass to produce a concentrated cellulose solid stream that is sensitive to enzymatic hydrolysis. Valuable chemicals are recovered by fractionating the liquid and vapor stream composed of hydrolysis and degradation products of the hemicellulose. Cellulosic derived glucose is produced for fermentation to biofuels. A hemicellulose concentrate is recovered that can be converted to value added products including ethanol.
摘要翻译： 定义了一种用于玉米芯和低木质素木质纤维素生物质的连续蒸汽预处理和分馏以产生对酶水解敏感的浓缩纤维素固体物流的方法。 通过分离由半纤维素的水解和降解产物组成的液体和蒸汽流来回收有价值的化学品。 生产用于发酵的生物燃料的纤维素衍生的葡萄糖。 回收可以转化成包括乙醇在内的增值产品的半纤维素浓缩物。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120115200A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-10
申请号：US13291659
申请日：2011-11-08
IPC分类号： C12P7/10
摘要： A continuous process for the recovery of ethanol from hemicellulose and cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. Yield of fermentable sugars can be maximized by continuous operation of the pre-treatment system and careful selection of pretreatment conditions including the addition of only small amounts of dilute mineral acid and low pressure. With this approach, the xylose component that is mainly present in its unfermentable oligomeric form in known pre-hydrolysis Kraft processes can be recovered more efficiently and as a monomer that can be fermented by xylose fermenting yeasts and bacteria. Due to the use of only dilute acids, there is a very low loss of glucose and xylose hence very low production of toxic chemicals (e.g. HMF, furfural) in the pretreatment step. The resulting overall fermentation efficiency of both hexose and pentose sugars is 90% of the theoretical maximum.
摘要翻译： 从木质纤维素生物质从半纤维素和纤维素回收乙醇的连续方法。 可以通过预处理系统的连续操作和仔细选择预处理条件（包括仅添加少量稀无机酸和低压）来最大化可发酵糖的产率。 通过这种方法，在已知的预水解牛皮纸方法中主要以不可发酵的低聚形式存在的木糖组分可以更有效地回收，并且可以作为可通过木糖发酵酵母和细菌发酵的单体。 由于仅使用稀酸，葡萄糖和木糖的损失非常低，因此在预处理步骤中有毒化学品（例如HMF，糠醛）的产生非常低。 所得到的己糖和戊糖的总发酵效率为理论最大值的90％。
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7.发明申请SEPARATION OF REACTIVE CELLULOSE FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS WITH HIGH LIGNIN CONTENT 失效具有高木质素含量的细菌生物量的反应性纤维素的分离公开(公告)号：US20100269990A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-28
申请号：US12766339
申请日：2010-04-23
IPC分类号： D21B1/36
CPC分类号： D21C3/20 , C08H8/00 , C12P7/10 , C12P2201/00 , D21B1/36 , D21C3/04 , D21C3/222 , D21C11/0007 , Y02E50/16
摘要： A process for separating the components of lignocellulosic biomass for the purpose of producing a pure reactive cellulose is disclosed. The process has two stages. In the first stage, the lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated with steam, with or without an acid catalyst, and then pressed, with or without the presence of an eluent, to remove hemicellulose and other impurities. In the second stage, the pretreated biomass is extracted with a solvent such as ethanol with or without acid catalysts in order to remove lignin and release a purified cellulose stream. The extracted cellulose is then rapidly decompressed to rupture the fibrous structure. The process provides a purified cellulose stream that is relatively easy to hydrolyze with enzymes and ferment to biofuels and other chemicals such as ethanol.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于分离用于生产纯反应性纤维素的木质纤维素生物质组分的方法。 这个过程有两个阶段。 在第一阶段，木质纤维素生物质用蒸汽预处理，具有或不具有酸催化剂，然后在有或没有洗脱液的情况下压制，以除去半纤维素和其它杂质。 在第二阶段中，用或不用酸催化剂的溶剂如乙醇提取预处理的生物质，以除去木质素并释放纯化的纤维素流。 然后将提取的纤维素快速减压以破坏纤维结构。 该方法提供了一种纯化的纤维素流，其相对容易用酶水解并发酵成生物燃料和其它化学物质如乙醇。
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公开(公告)号：US20130029406A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-31
申请号：US13554601
申请日：2012-07-20
CPC分类号： C08H8/00 , C08B37/0057 , Y02E50/16 , Y02E50/343
摘要： Disclosed is a method of pretreating biomass in two pretreatment stages as part of a biofuel production process. The first stage pretreatment is carried out by heating the biomass to a first stage temperature of 140° C. to 180° C. for a first stage time of 30 minutes to 2 hours at a first stage pressure of 105 to 150 psig; and the second stage is carried out by heating the biomass to a second stage temperature of 190° C. to 210° C. for a second stage time of 2 to 10 minutes at a second stage pressure of 167 to 262 psig. The biomass may be initially conditioned prior to the first pretreatment stage by atmospheric steam heating and adjusting the moisture content of the biomass. Hemicellulose and inhibitors (inhibitory compounds) to downstream hydrolysis and fermentation are preferably removed between the first and second pretreating stages, more preferably after each pretreatment stage.
摘要翻译： 公开了在两个预处理阶段中预处理生物质的方法，作为生物燃料生产过程的一部分。 第一阶段预处理通过在105至150psig的第一阶段压力下将生物质加热至140℃至180℃的第一阶段温度进行30分钟至2小时的第一阶段时间; 并且第二阶段通过在167-226psig的第二阶段压力下将生物质加热至190℃至210℃的第二阶段温度进行2至10分钟的第二阶段时间。 生物质可以在第一预处理阶段之前通过大气蒸汽加热和调节生物量的水分含量进行初始调节。 优选在第一和第二预处理阶段之间去除下游水解和发酵的半纤维素和抑制剂（抑制化合物），更优选在每个预处理阶段之后。
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100313882A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12766599
申请日：2010-04-23
IPC分类号： C13K1/02
CPC分类号： C08H8/00 , C08B37/0057 , Y02E50/16
摘要： A process is defined for the continuous steam pretreatment and fractionation of corn cobs and low lignin lignocellulosic biomass to produce a concentrated cellulose solid stream that is sensitive to enzymatic hydrolysis. Valuable chemicals are recovered by fractionating the liquid and vapor stream composed of hydrolysis and degradation products of the hemicellulose. Cellulosic derived glucose is produced for fermentation to biofuels. A hemicellulose concentrate is recovered that can be converted to value added products including ethanol.
摘要翻译： 定义了一种用于玉米芯和低木质素木质纤维素生物质的连续蒸汽预处理和分馏以产生对酶水解敏感的浓缩纤维素固体物流的方法。 通过分离由半纤维素的水解和降解产物组成的液体和蒸汽流来回收有价值的化学品。 生产用于发酵的生物燃料的纤维素衍生的葡萄糖。 回收可以转化成包括乙醇在内的增值产品的半纤维素浓缩物。
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10.发明申请FED BATCH PROCESS FOR BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS TO ETHANOL 审中-公开LEDOCELLULOSIC生物质生物化学转化为乙醇的FED批处理公开(公告)号：US20100255554A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-07
申请号：US12751459
申请日：2010-03-31
IPC分类号： C12P7/10
摘要： A method for optimization of a fed batch hydrolysis process wherein the hydrolysis time is minimized by controlling the feed addition volume and/or batch addition frequency of the prehydrolysate and optionally also the enzyme feed. The increase over time in hydrolysate consistency and volume and/or concentration of sugars released in the reactor, so that the enzymatic hydrolysis is controlled, significantly reduces the impact of cellulase feedback inhibition, especially for enzyme contents lower than 0.5%. The overall time to reach conversion of the total prehydrolysate feed is reduced significantly where the batch addition frequency is equal to one batch each time 70% to 90%, preferably 80%, conversion of the previous batch is reached in the reaction mixture. At an enzyme load of 0.3% in the reaction mixture, the optimum frequency each time 80% conversion was reached was found to be one batch every 105 minutes.
摘要翻译： 用于优化补料分批水解方法的方法，其中通过控制预水解产物和任选的酶进料的进料添加体积和/或批添加频率来最小化水解时间。 在反应器中释放的糖的水解稠度和体积和/或浓度随时间的增加，使得酶水解被控制，显着降低了纤维素酶反馈抑制的影响，特别是对于低于0.5％的酶含量。 每次在反应混合物中达到先前批次的70％至90％，优选80％的转化率，批量添加频率等于一批次时，达到总预水解产物进料总转化的总时间显着降低。 在反应混合物中的酶负荷为0.3％时，每次达到80％转化率的最佳频率每105分钟发现一次。
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