公开(公告)号：US20140258136A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

申请号：US14201785

申请日：2014-03-07

Applicant: Gregory Duane Ellis

Inventor： Gregory Duane Ellis

IPC: G06Q20/40 ,  G06Q20/38

CPC classification number: G06Q20/4014 ,  G06Q20/38215 ,  G06Q20/4016

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, including a method and apparatus, for verifying, with a very high degree of certainty, the identity of an individual who desires to execute an online transaction for the purchase of goods or services. System function embodies a number of interconnected basic features. The first involves enabling a personal computerized device to be identified via user input data. The second involves the creation of a central, third-party identification database containing authentication information and having an authentication protocol. The third involves the provision of an individualized electronic certificate, which ties the identification of an individual computer or device user to the third-party identification database. The fourth involves the incorporation of the individualized electronic certificate in a particular individual computer or computerized device, which enables the establishment of the authentication protocol between the computerized device and the third-party website.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种包括一种方法和装置的系统，用于以非常高的确定性验证希望执行用于购买商品或服务的在线交易的个体的身份。 系统功能体现了一些互联的基本特征。 第一个涉及通过用户输入数据来识别个人计算机化设备。 第二个涉及创建包含认证信息并具有认证协议的中央第三方识别数据库。 第三个涉及提供个性化电子证书，其将个人计算机或设备用户的识别与第三方识别数据库相关联。 第四个涉及将个性化电子证书并入特定的单个计算机或计算机化设备中，这使得能够在计算机化设备和第三方网站之间建立认证协议。

公开(公告)号：US08448863B2

公开(公告)日：2013-05-28

申请号：US12966330

申请日：2010-12-13

Applicant: Tao Xian ,  Duane Ellis ,  Timothy Good ,  Xiaoxun Zhu

Inventor： Tao Xian ,  Duane Ellis ,  Timothy Good ,  Xiaoxun Zhu

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: G06K7/10821 ,  G06K7/10128 ,  G06K7/10841 ,  G06Q10/06398 ,  G07G1/0045

Abstract: A POS-based bar code symbol reading system that reads bar code symbols on objects being passed through the 3D imaging or scanning volume supported by the system, and employs one or more object motion sensors (e.g. imaging based, IR Pulse-Doppler LIDAR-based, ultra-sonic energy based, etc.) to (i) measure or estimate the speed of objects being manually passed through the 3D imaging or scanning volume by the system operator, and (ii) visually and/or audibly display object scanning speed measures or estimates to provide the system operator with feedback for optimizing system throughput. The POS-based bar code symbol reading system has a performance advantage that leads to quicker customer checkout times and productivity gain that cannot be matched by the conventional bar code symbol scanning technology.

Abstract translation: 一种基于POS的条形码符号读取系统，其读取通过系统支持的3D成像或扫描体的物体上的条形码符号，并采用一个或多个物体运动传感器（例如基于成像的，基于IR的脉冲多普勒激光雷达 ，基于超音速能量等），以（i）测量或估计由系统操作者手动通过3D成像或扫描体积的物体的速度，以及（ii）视觉和/或听觉地显示物体扫描速度测量 或估计为系统运营商提供优化系统吞吐量的反馈。 基于POS的条形码符号读取系统具有性能优势，导致更快的客户结帐时间和生产率增益不能与传统的条码符号扫描技术相匹配。

公开(公告)号：US07793841B2

公开(公告)日：2010-09-14

申请号：US11980084

申请日：2007-10-30

Applicant: C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

Inventor： C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: A47F9/046 ,  G02B27/48 ,  G06K7/10544 ,  G06K7/10564 ,  G06K7/10574 ,  G06K7/10613 ,  G06K7/10623 ,  G06K7/10693 ,  G06K7/10712 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/10732 ,  G06K7/10782 ,  G06K7/10792 ,  G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06K9/2027 ,  G06K2017/0067 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06Q20/208 ,  G06Q30/06 ,  G07G1/0036 ,  G07G1/0045 ,  G07G3/00 ,  G07G3/006

Abstract: A laser illumination beam generation system including a laser diode (LD) for producing a laser beam in response to a diode current supplied thereto, wherein the laser beam has a central characteristic wavelength. Diode current drive circuitry generates the diode current and supplies the same to the VLD. A high frequency modulation (HFM) circuitry modulates the diode current supplied to the laser diode, so as to produce a spectral side-band components about the central characteristic wavelength, and thereby reduces the coherence of the laser illumination beam as well as its coherence length. An optical multiplexing (OMUX) device receives the laser beam as an input beam and generates multiple laser beams therefrom and recombines the multiple laser beams so as to produce a composite output laser illumination beam having reduce coherence.

Abstract translation: 一种激光照射光束产生系统，包括：激光二极管（LD），用于响应于提供给其的二极管电流产生激光束，其中所述激光束具有中心特征波长。 二极管电流驱动电路产生二极管电流并将其提供给VLD。 高频调制（HFM）电路调制提供给激光二极管的二极管电流，以产生关于中心特征波长的频谱边带分量，从而降低激光照射光束的相干性及其相干长度 。 光复用（OMUX）器件接收激光束作为输入光束，并从中产生多个激光束，并重新组合多个激光束，以产生具有减小相干性的复合输出激光照明光束。

公开(公告)号：US07775436B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-17

申请号：US11978951

申请日：2007-10-30

Applicant: C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

Inventor： C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: A47F9/046 ,  G02B27/48 ,  G06K7/10544 ,  G06K7/10564 ,  G06K7/10574 ,  G06K7/10613 ,  G06K7/10623 ,  G06K7/10693 ,  G06K7/10712 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/10732 ,  G06K7/10782 ,  G06K7/10792 ,  G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06K9/2027 ,  G06K2017/0067 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06Q20/208 ,  G06Q30/06 ,  G07G1/0036 ,  G07G1/0045 ,  G07G3/00 ,  G07G3/006

Abstract: A method of driving a plurality of visible and invisible laser diodes so as to produce an illumination beam having a dynamically managed ratio of visible to invisible (IR) spectral energy/power during object illumination and imaging operations. The method involves supplying a plurality of visible laser and invisible laser diodes with a predetermined/default values of diode drive currents so as to illuminate the object with a spectral mixture of illumination during object illumination and imaging operations. One or more digital images of the illuminated object are captured and the image contrast quality thereof is measured, in real-time, so as to generate feedback or control data. This feedback or control data is used to dynamically generate the necessary values for the adjusted diode drive currents that are used to drive the visible and invisible laser diodes and produce an illumination beam having a dynamically managed ratio of visible to invisible (IR) spectral energy/power required to produce images of sufficient image contrast to ensure satisfactory image processing, while minimizing visual brightness to humans, at a POS station during object illumination and imaging operations.

Abstract translation: 一种驱动多个可见和不可见的激光二极管的方法，以便在物体照明和成像操作期间产生具有动态管理的可见到（IR）光谱能量/功率的比率的照明光束。 该方法包括以预定/默认值的二极管驱动电流提供多个可见激光器和不可见激光二极管，以便在对象照明和成像操作期间用照明的光谱混合来照亮物体。 捕获被照明物体的一个或多个数字图像并且实时地测量其图像对比度质量，以便产生反馈或控制数据。 该反馈或控制数据用于动态地产生用于驱动可见和不可见的激光二极管的经调整的二极管驱动电流的必要值，并且产生具有动态管理的可见到不可见（IR）光谱能量/ 产生足够图像对比度的图像所需的功率，以确保令人满意的图像处理，同时在对象照明和成像操作期间在POS站使人的视觉亮度最小化。

公开(公告)号：US20090101718A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-23

申请号：US11977422

申请日：2007-10-24

Applicant: C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

Inventor： C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: A47F9/046 ,  G02B27/48 ,  G06K7/10544 ,  G06K7/10564 ,  G06K7/10574 ,  G06K7/10613 ,  G06K7/10623 ,  G06K7/10693 ,  G06K7/10712 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/10732 ,  G06K7/10782 ,  G06K7/10792 ,  G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06K9/2027 ,  G06K2017/0067 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06Q20/208 ,  G06Q30/06 ,  G07G1/0036 ,  G07G1/0045 ,  G07G3/00 ,  G07G3/006

Abstract: A digital image capturing and processing system for illuminating objects using automatic object detection and spectral-mixing illumination technique. The system comprises an area-type illumination and imaging module for projecting a coextensive area-type illumination and imaging field (i.e. zone) into a 3D imaging volume during object illumination and imaging operations. The area-type illumination and imaging module includes a spectral-mixing based illumination subsystem for producing a first field of visible illumination from an array of visible LEDs, and producing a second field of invisible illumination from an array of infrared (IR) LEDs, wherein the first and second fields of illumination spatially overlap and intermix with each other and produce a composite illumination field that is at least substantially coextensive with the FOV of the image sensing array. An automatic object detection subsystem automatically detects an object moving through the 3D imaging volume, while an illumination control subsystem controls the relative power ratio (VIS/IR) of visible illumination and invisible illumination during system operations so as to achieve sufficient image contrast in captured digital images to ensure satisfactory image processing.

Abstract translation: 一种用于使用自动物体检测和光谱混合照明技术照亮物体的数字图像捕获和处理系统。 该系统包括区域型照明和成像模块，用于在对象照明和成像操作期间将共同面积型照明和成像场（即区域）投射到3D成像体积中。 面积型照明和成像模块包括基于光谱混合的照明子系统，用于从可见LED阵列产生可见光照明的第一场，并从红外（IR）LED阵列产生不可见照明的第二场，其中 第一和第二照明场在空间上彼此重叠和混合，并产生与图像感测阵列的FOV至少基本上共同延伸的复合照明场。 自动物体检测子系统自动检测通过3D成像体积移动的物体，而照明控制子系统在系统操作期间控制可见照明和不可见照明的相对功率比（VIS / IR），以便在捕获的数字中实现足够的图像对比度 图像确保满意的图像处理。

公开(公告)号：US20080283611A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-20

申请号：US11880087

申请日：2007-07-19

Applicant: C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

Inventor： C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: A47F9/046 ,  G02B27/48 ,  G06K7/10544 ,  G06K7/10564 ,  G06K7/10574 ,  G06K7/10613 ,  G06K7/10623 ,  G06K7/10693 ,  G06K7/10712 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/10732 ,  G06K7/10782 ,  G06K7/10792 ,  G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06K9/2027 ,  G06K2017/0067 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06Q20/208 ,  G06Q30/06 ,  G07G1/0036 ,  G07G1/0045 ,  G07G3/00 ,  G07G3/006

Abstract: Digital image capture and processing systems and methods for generating and projecting coplanar illumination and imaging planes and/or coextensive area-type illumination and imaging zones, through one or more imaging windows, and into a 3D imaging volume in a retail POS environments, while employing automatic object motion and/or velocity detection, real-time image analysis and other techniques to capture and processing high-quality digital images of objects passing through the 3D imaging volume, and intelligently controlling and/or managing the use of visible and invisible forms of illumination, during object illumination and imaging operations, that might otherwise annoy or disturb human operators and/or customers working and/or shopping in such retail environments.

Abstract translation: 数字图像捕获和处理系统和方法，用于通过一个或多个成像窗口并在零售POS环境中生成和投射共面照明和成像平面和/或共同区域型照明和成像区域，同时使用零售POS环境中的3D成像体积 自动对象运动和/或速度检测，实时图像分析和其他技术来捕获和处理通过3D成像体的物体的高质量数字图像，以及智能地控制和/或管理可见和不可见形式的使用 在对象照明和成像操作期间的照明，否则可能会扰乱或扰乱在这种零售环境中工作和/或购物的操作者和/或客户。

公开(公告)号：US20080252985A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-16

申请号：US11900651

申请日：2007-09-12

Applicant: Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Tao Xian ,  Timothy Good ,  Jie Ren ,  Yong Liu ,  Konstantin Yakovlev ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis ,  C. Harry Knowles

Inventor： Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Tao Xian ,  Timothy Good ,  Jie Ren ,  Yong Liu ,  Konstantin Yakovlev ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis ,  C. Harry Knowles

IPC: G02B27/30

CPC classification number: G07G1/0036 ,  A47F9/046 ,  G06K7/10544 ,  G06K7/10782 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06K2017/0067 ,  G07G3/00

Abstract: A tunnel-type digital imaging-based self-checkout system capable of generating and projecting coplanar illumination and imaging planes into a 3D imaging volume within a tunnel structure. The tunnel structure is supported above a package conveyor in a retail POS environment, and employs automatic package identification, profiling and tracking techniques during self-checkout operations.

Abstract translation: 一种基于隧道式数字成像的自检系统，能够将共面照明和成像平面生成并投影到隧道结构内的3D成像体积中。 隧道结构在零售POS环境中的包装输送带上方支撑，并且在自动结帐操作期间采用自动包装识别，分析和跟踪技术。

公开(公告)号：US20080169348A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-17

申请号：US11978525

申请日：2007-10-29

Applicant: C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

Inventor： C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: A47F9/046 ,  G02B27/48 ,  G06K7/10544 ,  G06K7/10564 ,  G06K7/10574 ,  G06K7/10613 ,  G06K7/10623 ,  G06K7/10693 ,  G06K7/10712 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/10732 ,  G06K7/10782 ,  G06K7/10792 ,  G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06K9/2027 ,  G06K2017/0067 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06Q20/208 ,  G06Q30/06 ,  G07G1/0036 ,  G07G1/0045 ,  G07G3/00 ,  G07G3/006

Abstract: A method of illuminating objects using adaptively controlled mixing of spectral illumination energy to form and detect digital images of objects at POS environments with sufficiently high image contrast and quality. The method comprises providing, at a POS environment, a digital image capture and processing system having a system housing with an imaging window, and a coplanar illumination and imaging station disposed within said system housing, for projecting a coplanar illumination and imaging plane through the imaging window into an imaging volume during object illumination and imaging operations. As the object is moved through the imaging volume, its motion is automatically detected, and signals indicative of said detected object are generated. In response to the generated signals, a first field of visible illumination is produced from an array of visible laser diodes (VLDs), simultaneously with a second field of invisible illumination from a array of infrared (IR) laser diodes (LDs). These first and second fields of illumination spatially overlap and intermix with each other and produce a composite planar illumination beam that is substantially coextensive with the FOV. During object illumination and imaging operations, the relative power ratio (VIS/IR) of these fields of visible illumination and invisible illumination are controlled as one or more linear digital images of the illuminated object are formed and detected, captured and buffered, and ultimately processed so as to read one or more 1D and/or 2D code symbols graphically represented in the digital images. In an illustrative embodiment, during object illumination and imaging operations operation, the relative power ratio (VIS/IR) is adaptively controlled to form and detect digital images of objects at POS environments with sufficiently high image contrast and quality.

公开(公告)号：US20080149726A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-26

申请号：US11980319

申请日：2007-10-30

Applicant: C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

Inventor： C. Harry Knowles ,  Xiaoxun Zhu ,  Timothy Good ,  Tao Xian ,  Anatoly Kotlarsky ,  Michael Veksland ,  Mark Hernandez ,  John Gardner ,  Steven Essinger ,  Patrick Giordano ,  Sean Kearney ,  Mark Schmidt ,  John A. Furlong ,  Nicholas Ciarlante ,  Yong Liu ,  Jie Ren ,  Xi Tao ,  JiBin Liu ,  Ming Zhuo ,  Duane Ellis

IPC: G06K7/10

CPC classification number: A47F9/046 ,  G02B27/48 ,  G06K7/10544 ,  G06K7/10564 ,  G06K7/10574 ,  G06K7/10613 ,  G06K7/10623 ,  G06K7/10693 ,  G06K7/10712 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/10732 ,  G06K7/10782 ,  G06K7/10792 ,  G06K7/10851 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06K9/2027 ,  G06K2017/0067 ,  G06K2207/1012 ,  G06Q20/208 ,  G06Q30/06 ,  G07G1/0036 ,  G07G1/0045 ,  G07G3/00 ,  G07G3/006

Abstract: A multi-stage laser beam despeckling device including a first laser beam despeckling module for optically multiplexing an input laser beam into a temporal/spatial coherence-reduced output laser beam; and a second laser beam despeckling module, optically coupled to the first laser beam despeckling module, for receiving the temporal/spatial coherence-reduced as an input laser beam to the second despeckling module and producing a further temporal/spatial coherence-reduced output laser beam.

Abstract translation: 一种多级激光束解散装置，包括用于将输入激光束光学地多路复用到时间/空间相干减少的输出激光束中的第一激光束去散射模块; 以及光学耦合到第一激光束去散射模块的第二激光束去散射模块，用于接收作为输入激光束的时间/空间相干减少到第二去散射模块，并产生进一步的时间/空间相干减小的输出激光束 。

公开(公告)号：US09387032B2

公开(公告)日：2016-07-12

申请号：US13525472

申请日：2012-06-18

Applicant: Gregory James Martin ,  Duane Ellis Tumlinson

Inventor： Gregory James Martin ,  Duane Ellis Tumlinson

IPC: G01K3/04 ,  G01K7/02 ,  A61B18/12 ,  A61B18/00

CPC classification number: A61B18/1206 ,  A61B18/1233 ,  A61B2018/00666 ,  A61B2018/00821

Abstract: A method of detecting a thermocouple short circuit in a medical device, including obtaining a first temperature measurement from a thermocouple of the medical device; obtaining a second temperature measurement from the thermocouple; calculating a rate of change over time between the first and second temperature measurements; comparing the calculated rate of change over time to a predefined rate of change over time threshold; and generating an indication of a thermocouple short circuit based at least in part on the comparison.

Abstract translation: 一种检测医疗装置中的热电偶短路的方法，包括从所述医疗装置的热电偶获得第一温度测量; 从热电偶获得第二温度测量; 计算第一和第二温度测量之间随时间的变化率; 将计算出的随时间变化的速率与预定的时间变化率进行比较; 以及至少部分地基于所述比较产生热电偶短路的指示。