摘要:
The invention relates to a method for bonding a first surface (1a) and a second surface (7a) by means of an interlayer (3), comprising the steps: a) providing a first item (1) which has the first surface (1a), b) providing flowable, solidifiable material for the interlayer (3), c) providing a second item (7) which has the second surface (7a), d) applying the material for the interlayer onto the first surface (1a) so that a bulge (3a) encircling the surface is produced, e) applying a vacuum around the first item (1) and the second item (2), f) bringing the second surface (7a) of the second item (7) into contact with the circumferential bulge so that a sealed-off cavity (5) is produced, g) increasing the ambient pressure so that the cavity (5) is eliminated without resulting in a stream of gas flowing into the cavity and h) increasing the viscosity of the material for the interlayer.
摘要:
The invention provides a network protector (10) which comprises node connecting means (14) for connecting the network protector to a node (24) in an electronic network and hub connecting means (16) for connecting the network protector to a hub (22) in the electronic network. The network protector also includes a non-earthed surge protection circuit (28) for allowing electronic communication between the node connecting means and the hub connecting means. The surge protection circuit includes circuit breaking means (40, 42, 48, 50) for disrupting electronic communication between the node connecting means and the hub connecting means in response to electrical surges exceeding a specified value.
摘要:
A method for mechanically separating a laminar structure from a first carrier assembly, comprising or consisting of a first carrier, wherein the laminar structure comprises a wafer and a second, stretchable carrier is disclosed. Also disclosed are the use of a particular separating aid for separating a laminar structure and a device for carrying out the method.
摘要:
A method for mechanically separating a laminar structure from a carrier assembly is disclosed. The method can include providing a layered system comprising the carrier assembly, having a first carrier, and the laminar structure, having a wafer and optionally a second, stretchable carrier, and creating a mechanical stress in the interface region between carrier assembly and the laminar structure, so that the laminar structure is separated from the carrier assembly. The method also includes: i) providing a separating aid; fixing the separating aid on the second carrier so that during the separating operation the second carrier remains fixed on the separating aid directly behind a separating front that arises during separation; and mechanically separating the laminar structure from the carrier assembly utilizing a separating front, and/or ii) producing a vibration in the layer system, and/or iii) changing the temperature of the layer system or of parts of the layer system.
摘要:
A vertically disposed drive spindle (5) rotates turntable (6) supporting a substrate (7) at high speed, the turntable having a smaller diameter than the substrate. Coaxial with the turntable (6), a centering ring (10) having a frustoconical inside surface can be raised vertically between a lower and upper position. The latter has on its upper side a greater diameter and on its lower side a smaller diameter than the substrate (7). In its lower position the centering ring (10) is at a distance from a substrate (7) lying on the turntable (6), but in its upper position its inside surface supports the substrate (7) at an axial distance above turntable (6).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for bonding a first surface (1a) and a second surface (7a) by means of an interlayer (3), comprising the steps: a) providing a first item (1) which has the first surface (1a), b) providing flowable, solidifiable material for the interlayer (3), c) providing a second item (7) which has the second surface (7a), d) applying the material for the interlayer onto the first surface (1a) so that a bulge (3a) encircling the surface is produced, e) applying a vacuum around the first item (1) and the second item (2), f) bringing the second surface (7a) of the second item (7) into contact with the circumferential bulge so that a sealed-off cavity (5) is produced, g) increasing the ambient pressure so that the cavity (5) is eliminated without resulting in a stream of gas flowing into the cavity and h) increasing the viscosity of the material for the interlayer.
摘要:
In an apparatus for the laser beam exposure of a substrate disc (5), linked block tables (19, 29) are provided, which have each a piezotranslator (24, 31). This makes it possible to perform a fine correction of the movements very rapidly and very precisely.
摘要:
A high temperature fuel cell has a cathode which comprises at least a first layer and a second layer disposed on one side of the first layer, in which the first layer contains 30 to 60% by weight of a first electrolyte made up of zirconium oxide ZrO2 and at least one proportion of scandium oxide Sc2O3, and the second layer comprises substoichiometric lanthanum strontium manganate having the formula LaxSryMnO3 in which the sum of x and y is less than 1. By means of this, a high ionic conductivity is achieved for the cathode (6). The ionic conductivity further remains substantially constant as a function of the operating time t.
摘要翻译:高温燃料电池具有阴极,该阴极至少包括设置在第一层一侧的第一层和第二层,其中第一层含有30至60重量%的由氧化锆ZrO2组成的第一电解质 和至少一种比例的氧化钪Sc 2 O 3,第二层包括具有式X和Y的和小于1的式LaxSryMnO 3的亚化学计量的镧镧锰酸锶。由此,对于阴极,实现了高离子电导率 (6)。 离子电导率进一步作为操作时间t的函数保持基本恒定。
摘要:
The invention is an improvement in a device for generating X-radiation with a plasma source. In the device, two concentric cylindrical electrodes (11, 12) are separated by an evacuated discharge space (13) filled with low-pressure gas. When the inner electrode is momentarily raised to an extremely high voltage, the gas is ionized and a plasma shock wave (17, 17') is created and compressed into a plasma focus (21) emitting X-radiation (20). The improvement introduces a first ("discharge") gas into the discharge space for initiation of the plasma, while introducing a second ("emitting") gas into the inner electrode for generating the X-radiation in the plasma focus. Special features of the improved device include a plurality of gas extraction ports, which can be used independently or together, and which can be combined with variations in the introduction and flow of the two gases to control the movement and intermixture of the gases and, thereby, the operation of the device. Also, the device introduces a third gas for improving the transmission of the X-radiation from the generating plasma focus to a work station for X-ray microscopy or for X-ray lithography.