公开(公告)号：US07639146B2

公开(公告)日：2009-12-29

申请号：US11235373

申请日：2005-09-26

申请人： Gail D. Baura

发明人： Gail D. Baura

IPC分类号： G08B23/00

CPC分类号： B60K28/066 ,  A61B5/0492 ,  A61B5/0496 ,  A61B5/1103 ,  A61B5/18 ,  A61B5/6821 ,  A61B5/726 ,  A61B2503/20 ,  A61B2560/0412 ,  A61B2562/0209 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  G08B21/06

摘要： Embodiments of the present disclosure include a blink monitor for detecting blink occurrence in a living subject. For example, a blink sensor comprising a snap or tab electrode is positioned over one or more eye muscles known to assist in closing the eye. The electrode detects the electrical current in the muscle(s) and transmits a signal representative of the electrical current to a signal processing device. The device processes the signal to determine the occurrence of a blink, thereby producing an accurate blink electromyogram (EMG). The device and/or a caregiver may advantageously monitor the blink EMG, before and/or after occurrence processing, to determine the onset or actual occurrence of a patient condition. In an embodiment, the device monitors the blink EMG to determine the onset or occurrence of drowsiness in, for example, a driver, pilot, captain, doctor, soldier, or the like. In an embodiment, a caregiver monitors the blink EMG for one or more muscles in one or both eyes to determine the onset or occurrence of eye disease, such as, for example, strabismus.

摘要翻译： 本公开的实施例包括用于检测活体中的眨眼发生的眨眼监视器。 例如，包括卡扣或突片电极的眨眼传感器位于已知有助于闭合眼睛的一个或多个眼睛肌肉上。 电极检测肌肉中的电流，并将表示电流的信号传输到信号处理装置。 设备处理信号以确定眨眼的发生，从而产生精确的眨眼肌电图（EMG）。 该设备和/或护理人员可有利地在发生处理之前和/或之后监视眨眼肌电图，以确定患者状况的开始或实际发生。 在一个实施例中，设备监视闪烁EMG以确定例如驾驶员，飞行员，队长，医生，士兵等中的嗜睡的发生或发生。 在一个实施例中，护理人员监视一只或两只眼睛中的一只或多只肌肉的眨眼EMG，以确定眼病（例如斜视）的发作或发生。

公开(公告)号：USD475138S1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-27

申请号：US29151187

申请日：2001-10-31

申请人： Gail D. Baura ,  Kevin Brian Wagner ,  Paul Ronald Jansen ,  David Minks

设计人： Gail D. Baura ,  Kevin Brian Wagner ,  Paul Ronald Jansen ,  David Minks

公开(公告)号：US06561986B2

公开(公告)日：2003-05-13

申请号：US09764589

申请日：2001-01-17

申请人： Gail D. Baura ,  Sau Kuen Ng

发明人： Gail D. Baura ,  Sau Kuen Ng

IPC分类号： A61B502

CPC分类号： A61B5/726 ,  A61B5/029 ,  A61B5/0295 ,  A61B5/04012 ,  A61B5/0456 ,  A61B5/0535 ,  A61B5/7203 ,  A61B5/7239

摘要： An improved method and apparatus for non-invasively assessing one or more hemodynamic parameters associated with the circulatory system of a living organism. In one exemplary embodiment, the invention comprises a method of measuring cardiac output (CO) using impedance waveforms (and ECG waveforms) which are analyzed via discrete wavelet transforms. These transforms aid in identifying fiducial points within the waveforms, the fiducial points being used to calculate various parameters relating to cardiac stroke volume (such as LVET and dZ/dtmax), from which cardiac output may be determined. The use of wavelet transforms for fiducial point detection increases the accuracy of the CO determination by reducing cross-term artifact, and also significantly reduces the amount and complexity of processing required as compared to prior art time-frequency distribution or empirical techniques. Improved methods of QRS complex detection within the ECG waveform, and median filtering of an input waveform, are also disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US06514211B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

申请号：US09489160

申请日：2000-01-21

申请人： Gail D. Baura

发明人： Gail D. Baura

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： A61B5/02028 ,  A61B5/022 ,  A61B5/489 ,  A61B5/6806 ,  A61B5/6843 ,  A61B5/7225 ,  A61B5/726 ,  A61B8/04 ,  A61B8/4227

摘要： A method and apparatus for determining the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of a subject during tonometric conditions. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises one or more pressure and ultrasound transducers placed over the radial artery of a human subject's wrist, the latter transmitting and receiving acoustic energy so as to permit the measurement of blood velocity during periods of variable compression of the artery. During compression, the ultrasound velocity waveforms are recorded and processed using time-frequency analysis. The time at which the mean time-frequency distribution is maximal corresponds to the time at which the transmural pressure equals zero, and the mean pressure read by the transducer equals the mean pressure within the artery. In another aspect of the invention, the ultrasound transducer is used to position the transducer over the artery such that the accuracy of the measurement is maximized. In yet another aspect of the invention, a wrist brace useful for measuring blood pressure using the aforementioned apparatus is disclosed. A method of continuously estimating systolic and diastolic pressure is also described.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在测量条件期间确定受试者的平均动脉血压（MAP）的方法和装置。 在一个实施例中，该装置包括一个或多个压力和超声换能器，其放置在人类受试者腕部的桡动脉上方，后者发射和接收声能，以允许在动脉可变压缩期间测量血液速度。 在压缩期间，使用时间 - 频率分析记录和处理超声速度波形。 平均时间频率分布最大的时间对应于透壁压力等于零的时间，传感器读取的平均压力等于动脉内的平均压力。 在本发明的另一方面，超声换能器用于将换能器定位在动脉上，使得测量的精度最大化。 在本发明的另一方面，公开了一种用于使用上述装置测量血压的腕支架。 还描述了连续估计收缩压和舒张压的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06253103B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-26

申请号：US09415561

申请日：1999-10-08

申请人： Gail D. Baura

发明人： Gail D. Baura

IPC分类号： A61N3939

CPC分类号： A61N1/3943

摘要： Impedance across a load, such as a pair of face-to-face electrodes and/or a patient's transthoracic and transmyocardial impedance, respectively, is modeled as a resistor in series with a capacitor, wherein the reactance component of the impedance equals 2&pgr;*frequency/capacitance. A reference square wave voltage is applied to the load in series with a selected load resistor, and a response voltage is measured across the load. Both the reference voltage and the response voltage are then used to estimate a transfer function between them. Equating this transfer function to a resistor-capacitor circuit model results in estimation of the actual resistance and capacitance components of the true impedance. Alternately, the impedance may be measured with a high current load, such as during a defibrillator discharge. In this case, the voltage input and outputs are sampled at a much faster rate for the resistance component estimation, with the capacitance initialization adapted for the specific type of defibrillator waveform input.

摘要翻译： 负载之间的阻抗，例如一对面对面电极和/或患者的经胸和经心肌阻抗分别被建模为与电容器串联的电阻器，其中阻抗的电抗分量等于2pi *频率 /电容。 将参考方波电压与选定的负载电阻串联施加到负载，并且在负载两端测量响应电压。 参考电压和响应电压都用于估计它们之间的传递函数。 将该传递函数等效为电阻 - 电容电路模型，可以估计真实阻抗的实际电阻和电容分量。 或者，阻抗可以用高电流负载来测量，例如在除颤器放电期间。 在这种情况下，电压输入和输出以更快的速率进行采样，用于电阻分量估计，电容初始化适用于特定类型的除颤器波形输入。

公开(公告)号：US06186955B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-13

申请号：US09192944

申请日：1998-11-16

申请人： Gail D. Baura

发明人： Gail D. Baura

IPC分类号： A61B505

CPC分类号： A61B5/412 ,  A61B5/028 ,  A61B5/029 ,  A61B5/0535 ,  A61B5/7239 ,  A61B5/7267

摘要： Method and apparatus for continuous, non-invasive determination of cardiac output which processes a sequence of non-invasive cardiography signals which are quantitatively dependent upon cardiac output within a computer system and associated neural network capable of generating a single output signal for the combined input signals, wherein the neural network applies weighting factors determined during a training phase to force the output signal to match the known value of cardiac output determined by invasive means and reports the single output signal as the determined value of cardiac output.

摘要翻译： 用于连续，非侵入式确定心输出量的方法和装置，其处理定量依赖于计算机系统内的心输出量和能够为组合的输入信号产生单个输出信号的相关神经网络的非侵入性心脏病信号序列 其中所述神经网络应用在训练阶段期间确定的加权因子，以迫使所述输出信号与由侵入手段确定的心输出量的已知值相匹配，并且将所述单个输出信号报告为确定的心输出量值。

公开(公告)号：US07570989B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-04

申请号：US10995920

申请日：2004-11-22

申请人： Gail D. Baura ,  Jeremy Malecha ,  Radouane Bouguerra

发明人： Gail D. Baura ,  Jeremy Malecha ,  Radouane Bouguerra

IPC分类号： A61B5/0402

CPC分类号： A61B5/7203 ,  A61B5/029 ,  A61B5/0295 ,  A61B5/0468 ,  A61B5/0535 ,  A61B5/726 ,  A61B5/7264

摘要： An improved method and apparatus for non-invasively assessing one or more physiologic parameters, such as for example those associated with the circulatory system of a living organism. In one exemplary embodiment, the invention evaluates cardiac events (e.g., beats) present within an ECG waveform to determine which beats should be retained and which rejected. This evaluation is conducted based on a hierarchical method, wherein the ECG noise and morphology, as well as various aspects of the Delta Z (change in thoracic impedance), are utilized to evaluate beats for retention/rejection. In one variant, fuzzy models are used in conducting the foregoing evaluations. Parameter median filtering is also optionally applied. The foregoing techniques increase the accuracy, stability and robustness of any systems (e.g., impedance cardiographic or otherwise) which make use of the events. Improved impedance cardiographic apparatus and methods of treatment are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 一种用于非侵入性评估一种或多种生理参数的改进的方法和装置，例如与生物体的循环系统相关的生理参数。 在一个示例性实施例中，本发明评估ECG波形内存在的心脏事件（例如，节拍），以确定应该保留哪些节拍并且哪个被拒绝。 该评估基于分级方法进行，其中使用ECG噪声和形态，以及Delta Z（胸部阻抗的变化）的各个方面来评估保留/排斥的搏动。 在一个变型中，使用模糊模型进行上述评估。 也可以应用参数中值滤波。 上述技术增加了利用这些事件的任何系统的精度，稳定性和鲁棒性（例如，阻抗心动图或其它）。 还公开了改进的阻抗心脏摄影装置和治疗方法。

公开(公告)号：US07043293B1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-09

申请号：US10329129

申请日：2002-12-24

申请人： Gail D. Baura

发明人： Gail D. Baura

IPC分类号： A61B5/0402

CPC分类号： A61B5/7264 ,  A61B5/04017 ,  A61B5/7203 ,  A61B5/726

摘要： An improved method and apparatus for assessing time-variant waveforms and identifying artifacts of interest therein. In one exemplary embodiment, an iterative interval search technique is applied to ECG waveform data in order to identify one or more artifacts (e.g., right atrial and right ventricular “spikes”) within the waveform in conjunction with a fuzzy logic noise threshold analysis. This technique allows for robust artifact identification in waveforms where significant variations in noise and artifact periodicity may exist. The identified artifact(s) may then be used as an input to another process, such as being substituted as an ECG “Q” point for subsequent fiducial point detection within a cardiographic impedance waveform. Apparatus including computer programs for implementing the aforementioned techniques are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 一种用于评估时变波形并识别其中感兴趣的人造物的改进的方法和装置。 在一个示例性实施例中，将迭代间隔搜索技术应用于ECG波形数据，以便结合模糊逻辑噪声阈值分析来识别波形内的一个或多个伪像（例如，右心房和右心室“尖峰”）。 该技术允许在存在噪声和伪影周期的显着变化的波形中进行鲁棒的伪像识别。 然后可以将所识别的伪像用作另一过程的输入，例如被替换为心电图阻抗波形内随后的基准点检测的ECG“Q”点。 还公开了包括用于实现上述技术的计算机程序的装置。

公开(公告)号：US06636754B1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-21

申请号：US09613183

申请日：2000-07-10

申请人： Gail D. Baura ,  James O. Elf

发明人： Gail D. Baura ,  James O. Elf

IPC分类号： A61B50908

CPC分类号： A61B5/0535 ,  A61B5/02028 ,  A61B5/029 ,  A61B5/0295 ,  A61B5/04085 ,  A61B5/6843 ,  A61B2562/0217

摘要： An improved apparatus and method for determining the cardiac output of a living subject. The improved apparatus generally comprises one or more electrode assemblies or patches affixed to the skin of the subject in the vicinity of the thoracic cavity. The terminals of each electrode patch are in contact with an electrolytic gel, and are spaced a predetermined distance from one another within the patch. This predetermined spacing allows for more consistent measurements, and also allows for the detection of a loss of electrical continuity between the terminals of the patch and their associated electrical connectors in the clinical environment. The method generally comprises generating and passing a stimulation current through the terminals and the thoracic cavity of the subject, and measuring the impedance as a function of time. This impedance is used to determine cardiac muscle stroke volume, which is then used in conjunction with the subject's cardiac rate (also detected via the electrode patches) to determine cardiac output. A method of detecting a loss of electrical continuity in one or more of the terminals of the electrode patch is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定活体的心输出量的改进的装置和方法。 改进的装置通常包括在胸腔附近固定到受试者皮肤的一个或多个电极组件或贴片。 每个电极贴片的端子与电解凝胶接触，并且在贴片内彼此隔开预定的距离。 该预定间隔允许更一致的测量，并且还允许在临床环境中检测贴片的端子与其相关联的电连接器之间的电连续性损失。 该方法通常包括产生并使刺激电流通过受试者的末端和胸腔，并测量作为时间的函数的阻抗。 该阻抗用于确定心肌搏动体积，然后将其与受试者的心率（也通过电极贴片检测）一起使用以确定心输出量。 还公开了一种检测电极贴片的一个或多个端子中的电连续性损失的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06602201B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-05

申请号：US09903473

申请日：2001-07-10

申请人： Dennis G. Hepp ,  Gail D. Baura ,  James O. Elf ,  Jeremy Robert Malecha ,  Sau Kuen Ng

发明人： Dennis G. Hepp ,  Gail D. Baura ,  James O. Elf ,  Jeremy Robert Malecha ,  Sau Kuen Ng

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： A61B5/0416 ,  A61B5/02028 ,  A61B5/029 ,  A61B5/04085 ,  A61B5/0535 ,  A61B5/6843 ,  A61B5/7225 ,  A61B5/726

摘要： An improved apparatus and method for determining the cardiac output of a living subject. The improved apparatus generally comprises one or more electrode assemblies or patches affixed to the skin of the subject in the vicinity of the thoracic cavity. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a constant current source impedance cardiography (ICG) monitor adapted as a stand-alone system. In another embodiment, the apparatus comprises a module adapted for use with a host monitoring system, the latter providing ECG, blood pressure, and/or other inputs to the module. Method of detecting a loss of electrical continuity in one or more of the terminals of the electrode patch, and selecting between a plurality of signal inputs based on signal quality, are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定活体的心输出量的改进的装置和方法。 改进的装置通常包括在胸腔附近固定到受试者皮肤的一个或多个电极组件或贴片。 在一个实施例中，该装置包括适于独立系统的恒流源阻抗心电图（ICG）监视器。 在另一个实施例中，该装置包括适于与主机监视系统一起使用的模块，后者为模块提供ECG，血压和/或其他输入。 还公开了检测电极贴片的一个或多个端子中的电连续性损失以及基于信号质量在多个信号输入之间进行选择的方法。