公开(公告)号：US08261133B1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-04

申请号：US11499271

申请日：2006-08-04

申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Rajeev Bharol

发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Rajeev Bharol

IPC分类号： G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1004

摘要： The present invention is a method, computer-readable medium and an apparatus for protection and recovery of non-redundant computer-readable information stored in a memory having multiple segments that features replacing computer-readable information stored in one of the multiple segments based upon a determination that computer-readable information stored in one of the remaining segments of the multiples segments is in a desired state. To that end, the memory device operates synergistically with a shelf manager, which maintains a state of computer-readable information in the differing address ranges of the memory device, so that any computer-readable information replaced in memory device may be achieved by executing uncorrupted computer-readable information stored in the memory device.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种用于保护和恢复存储在具有多个段的存储器中的非冗余计算机可读信息的方法，计算机可读介质和装置，其特征在于，代替存储在所述多个段之一中的计算机可读信息基于 确定存储在多个段的其余段之一中的计算机可读信息处于期望状态。 为此，存储器装置与货架管理器协同工作，货架管理器维持存储装置的不同地址范围内的计算机可读信息的状态，使得在存储装置中替换的任何计算机可读信息可以通过执行未损坏的 存储在存储设备中的计算机可读信息。

公开(公告)号：US07266731B2

公开(公告)日：2007-09-04

申请号：US09991338

申请日：2001-11-13

申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Mehrdad Mojgani

发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Mehrdad Mojgani

IPC分类号： G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F8/60 ,  G06F11/1433

摘要： A method for managing remote software code update includes receiving a message from a remote device that includes a first code space having at least one segment and a second code space having one or more segment. The method also includes decoding the message to determine the execution mode of the remote device, indicating code in the first code space is corrupted if the execution mode indicates the remote device is executing in the second code space and indicating the code in the first code space is valid if the execution mode indicates the remote device is executing in the first code space.

摘要翻译： 用于管理远程软件代码更新的方法包括从远程设备接收包括具有至少一个段的第一代码空间和具有一个或多个段的第二代码空间的消息。 该方法还包括对消息进行解码以确定远程设备的执行模式，如果执行模式指示远程设备在第二代码空间中执行并且指示第一代码空间中的代码，则指示第一代码空间中的代码被破坏 如果执行模式指示远程设备在第一个代码空间中执行，则该命令有效。

公开(公告)号：US06816985B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-09

申请号：US09993975

申请日：2001-11-13

申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Mehrdad Mojgani

发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Mehrdad Mojgani

IPC分类号： G06F1100

CPC分类号： G06F11/1433

摘要： A method for detecting corrupt software code includes defining a correlation rule for a program, writing the program to a memory device and reading two or more of the markers from the memory device. The program includes at least one segment. Each segment includes executable codes and the segments include multiple markers. The correlation rule defines a relationship between two or more of the markers. The method also includes determining whether one of the segments is corrupt by applying the correlation rule to the markers read from the device and indicating whether one of the segments is corrupt based upon the determination.

公开(公告)号：US06654017B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-25

申请号：US09679430

申请日：2000-10-03

申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa

发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa

IPC分类号： G06T1120

CPC分类号： G06T11/203 ,  G06T2200/12 ,  G09G5/20

摘要： The middle of line segments may be drawn on a computer display using an iterative method that reduces the number of calculations required. The process is repeated for each column. The first pixel is plotted according to a formula that allows the first pixel to best represent the location of the line in the column. A second pixel is then plotted either above, below, to the left of, or the right of the first pixel depending on the direction of the line. A normalized intensity value between 0 and 1.0 is then assigned to the first pixel according to the amount of area above, below, to the left of, or the right of the line in the first pixel depending on the direction of the line. This value may be assigned using a variable computed in plotting the first pixel. A normalized intensity value for the second pixel equal to 1.0 minus the normalized intensity value of the first pixel may then be assigned. Finally, the first and second pixels are shaded according to the normalized intensity values.

摘要翻译： 可以使用减少所需计算次数的迭代方法在计算机显示器上绘制线段的中间部分。 每列重复该过程。 根据允许第一个像素最佳地表示列中行的位置的公式绘制第一个像素。 然后根据线的方向在第二像素的上方，下方，第二像素的左侧或右侧绘制第二像素。 根据线的方向，根据第一像素中的线的上方，下方，左侧或右侧的面积的量，将归一化的强度值在0和1.0之间分配给第一像素。 可以使用在绘制第一个像素时计算出的变量来分配该值。 然后可以分配等于1.0的第二像素的归一化强度值减去第一像素的归一化强度值。 最后，根据归一化的强度值，第一和第二像素被遮蔽。

公开(公告)号：US6034664A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-07

申请号：US883120

申请日：1997-06-25

申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Marcelino M. Dignum

发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Marcelino M. Dignum

IPC分类号： G09G3/20 ,  G09G5/02

CPC分类号： G09G5/02 ,  G09G3/2051

摘要： A method and apparatus for dithering for color computer display systems includes the addition of a noise component to each of the color components of each pixel in a pseudo-random manner. The noise component is preferably different for each color component. Taking the image as a whole, the noise component repeats on a regular basis but is preferably selected so as not to repeat on adjacent pixels. The image is divided into squares of pixels and the same noise component is added to each of the same relative pixels from square to square. The preferred square of pixels is four pixels wide by four pixels high. The value of the noise component is chosen such that the most significant bit alternates both horizontally and vertically from pixel to pixel within the square of pixels. The other bits of the value of the noise component are preferably chosen such that the value of the noise component does not repeat within the square of pixels and such that a simplified hardware implementation is made possible by their selection. The resulting hardware implementation preferably consists of a number of exclusive-or gates tied together to produce the value of the noise component based on the least significant bits of the X and Y coordinates of each pixel. This hardware implementation is simple enough that it becomes economically practical to add a different noise component to each of the three color components of each pixel rather than the same noise component to all of the color components.

公开(公告)号：US5581680A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-03

申请号：US132404

申请日：1993-10-06

申请人： Adrian Sfarti ,  Gunawan Ali-Santosa

发明人： Adrian Sfarti ,  Gunawan Ali-Santosa

IPC分类号： G06T11/00 ,  G09G5/20 ,  G09G5/393 ,  G06F15/00

CPC分类号： G09G5/393 ,  G06T11/001 ,  G09G5/20

摘要： A method and apparatus for drawing at least a two pixel wide antialiased line is described in which the apparatus utilizes an interpolator, having a set up unit and an iterator unit, and a blender. The set up unit determines various parameters of the line to be drawn and selects a pair of pixels adjacent to and straddling an idealized line representing the line to be drawn. The iterator unit determines the coverages of the pair of pixels based on the parameters output by the set up unit. The blender determines the color intensity values of the pair of pixels as a function of the coverages and writes the color values into a memory. The memory is a frame buffer type memory utilized to drive a display and is split into at least four banks so that the color values of the pair of pixels can be simultaneously stored in different memory banks. The apparatus also incorporates a method for resolving accumulation error in the derivation of each pixel's position and a method for accommodating for the effect of a third intersected pixel on the line to be drawn.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于绘制至少两个像素宽的抗锯齿线的方法和装置，其中该装置利用具有建立单元和迭代器单元的内插器和混合器。 设置单元确定要绘制的线的各种参数，并且选择与表示要绘制的线的理想线相邻并跨越的一对像素。 迭代器单元基于由设置单元输出的参数来确定该对像素的覆盖。 混合器根据覆盖率确定该对像素的颜色强度值，并将颜色值写入存储器。 存储器是用于驱动显示器并被分割成至少四个存储体的帧缓冲器型存储器，使得该对像素的颜色值可以同时存储在不同的存储体中。 该装置还包括一种用于分解每个像素位置的推导中的累积误差的方法以及用于在待绘制的线上适应第三相交像素的影响的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06559857B2

公开(公告)日：2003-05-06

申请号：US09759634

申请日：2001-01-12

申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Marcelino M. Dignum

发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Marcelino M. Dignum

IPC分类号： G09G502

CPC分类号： G09G5/02 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/2051

摘要： A method and apparatus for dithering for color computer display systems includes the addition of a noise component to each of the color components of each pixel in a pseudo-random manner. The noise component is preferably different for each color component. Taking the image as a whole, the noise component repeats on a regular basis but is preferably selected so as not to repeat on adjacent pixels. The image is divided into squares of pixels and the same noise component is added to each of the same relative pixels from square to square. The preferred square of pixels is four pixels wide by four pixels high. The value of the noise component is chosen such that the most significant bit alternates both horizontally and vertically from pixel to pixel within the square of pixels. The other bits of the value of the noise component are preferably chosen such that the value of the noise component does not repeat within the square of pixels and such that a simplified hardware implementation is made possible by their selection. The resulting hardware implementation preferably consists of a number of exclusive-or gates tied together to produce the value of the noise component based on the least significant bits of the X and Y coordinates of each pixel. This hardware implementation is simple enough that it becomes economically practical to add a different noise component to each of the three color components of each pixel rather than the same noise component to all of the color components.

摘要翻译： 用于彩色计算机显示系统的抖动的方法和装置包括以伪随机方式向每个像素的每个颜色分量添加噪声分量。 对于每个颜色分量，噪声分量优选地是不同的。 将图像作为一个整体，噪声分量被重复定期，但优选地选择为不在相邻像素上重复。 图像被分成像素的正方形，并且相同的噪声分量被添加到从正方形到正方形的相同相对像素中的每一个。 像素的最佳平方是四像素宽乘四像素高。 选择噪声分量的值，使得最高有效位在像素平方内的像素之间水平和垂直地交替。 优选地选择噪声分量的值的其他位，使得噪声分量的值不在像素的平方内重复，并且使得通过它们的选择使得简化的硬件实现成为可能。 所得到的硬件实现优选地由连接在一起的多个异或门组成，以基于每个像素的X和Y坐标的最低有效位产生噪声分量的值。 该硬件实现简单到足以在每个像素的三个颜色分量中的每一个添加不同的噪声分量而不是所有颜色分量的相同噪声分量变得经济实用。

公开(公告)号：US5515484A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-07

申请号：US132395

申请日：1993-10-06

申请人： Adrian Sfarti ,  Gunawan Ali-Santosa

发明人： Adrian Sfarti ,  Gunawan Ali-Santosa

IPC分类号： G06T15/50 ,  G06F15/68

CPC分类号： G06T15/503

摘要： A method for rendering a three dimensional graphic object in a two dimensional display space by segmenting the object into parallelepipeds and decomposing the parallelepipeds into rods of voxels that are parallel to the depth axis (Z) of the display and by projecting the rods of voxels onto the X-Y plane of the display as lines of pixels and a method for drawing antialiased volumetric images. An apparatus for implementing both methods includes an interpolator, having a set-up unit and an iterator unit, and a blender. The set-up unit determines various parameters of the image to be drawn, including the total number of voxels to be blended together into each pixel to be drawn, and selects a pixel pair adjacent to and straddling an idealized line representing a line to be drawn. The iterator unit determines the coverages of the pixel pair based on parameters output by the set-up unit. The blender determines the color intensity values of the pixel pair as a function of the coverages, and the opacity of voxels in the voxel rod corresponding to each pixel, and writes the color values into a memory that drives the display. The memory is split into at least four banks so that color values of the pair of pixel can be simultaneously stored in different memory banks. A method for resolving accumulation error in the derivation of each pixel's position and a method for accommodating for the effect of additional intersected pixels may be used in connection with the above-described methods.

摘要翻译： 一种用于通过将对象分解为平行六面体并将平行六面体分解成与显示器的深度轴线（Z）平行的体素棒并且通过将体素棒投影到二维显示空间中的三维图形对象的方法 显示器的XY平面作为像素线，以及用于绘制抗锯齿的体积图像的方法。 用于实现两种方法的装置包括具有设置单元和迭代器单元的插值器和混合器。 设置单元确定要绘制的图像的各种参数，包括要混合到每个要绘制的像素中的体素的总数，并且选择邻近并跨越表示要绘制的线的理想线的像素对 。 迭代器单元基于由设置单元输出的参数来确定像素对的覆盖率。 搅拌器将像素对的颜色强度值确定为覆盖率的函数，以及与每个像素对应的体素棒中的体素的不透明度，并将颜色值写入驱动显示器的存储器中。 存储器被分成至少四个存储体，使得该对像素的颜色值可以同时存储在不同的存储体中。 可以结合上述方法使用用于解决每个像素位置的推导中的累积误差的方法和用于适应附加相交像素的效果的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07062763B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-13

申请号：US09992125

申请日：2001-11-13

申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Mehrdad Mojgani

发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa ,  Mehrdad Mojgani

IPC分类号： G06F9/44

CPC分类号： G06F11/1433 ,  G06F8/65

摘要： A method for updating code includes receiving an update command for a first program resident in a first code space including at least one segment, transferring program control to a second program executing in second code space including one or more segment, selecting one of the at least one segment, mapping the selected segment to data space and writing the selected segment. A method for detecting corrupt software code includes defining a correlation rule for a program that includes at least one segment that includes multiple markers. The correlation rule defines a relationship between two or more of the markers. The method also includes writing the program to a memory device, reading two or more of the markers from the memory device, determining whether a segment is corrupt by applying the correlation rule to the two or more markers and indicating whether the segment is corrupt based upon the determining.

公开(公告)号：US06636231B1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-21

申请号：US09544868

申请日：2000-04-07

申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa

发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa

IPC分类号： G09G500

CPC分类号： G06T11/203 ,  G06T2200/12

摘要： Starting and ending caps of smooth line segments may be drawn on a computer display without complicated calculations and avoiding the use of inverse square root calculations by drawing the caps using rectangles. The direction of the line segment may be determined, and using the direction certain pixels in a four-pixel grouping may be selectively illuminated. The normalized intensity values of the illuminated pixels may be determined by computing an x-fraction and a y-fraction, representing the distance in the x-direction and y-direction between a sample origin point in a corner of the four-pixel grouping and the closest corner of a region covered by the mathematical origin or endpoint corrected for the thickness of the line segment. It is generally preferable for only two pixels to be illuminated for each cap, the pixels chosen according to a formula ensuring that there are no perception problems when two smooth line segments share a common mathematical origin or endpoint.

摘要翻译： 平滑线段的开始和结束可以在计算机显示器上绘制，而无需复杂的计算，并避免使用矩形绘制帽子使用反平方根计算。 可以确定线段的方向，并且使用方向可以选择性地照亮四像素组中的某些像素。 照射像素的归一化强度值可以通过计算x分数和y分数来确定，该x分数和y分数表示在四个像素组的角落中的样本原点和x-方向和y方向之间的距离 由线段的厚度修正的数学原点或端点覆盖的区域最近的角落。 通常优选的是，对于每个盖子仅照亮两个像素，根据公式选择像素，确保当两个平滑线段共享公共数学起点或端点时不存在感知问题。