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公开(公告)号：US4503838A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-12
申请号：US418213
申请日：1982-09-15
CPC分类号： C09K5/063 , F28D20/028 , Y02E60/145
摘要： Latent heat storage and supply system and method in which a body of crystallizable phase change material and a separate body of a special crystallization nucleator for the phase change material are associated for heating as a unit to melt the phase change material, for cooling to bring the molten phase change material to supercooled condition in which heat is stored as latent heat of crystallization and thereafter for transferring a controlled portion of the nucleator into the body of phase change material to induce crystallization and release of latent heat of crystallization. The special nucleator includes a component which, after the heating and cooling steps, will contain crystals for nucleating the phase change material and which has a solubility in the phase change material such that the controlled portion added to the body of phase change material will dissolve in that body during the heating step.
摘要翻译： 潜热储存和供应系统和方法，其中可相变相变材料体和用于相变材料的特殊结晶成核剂的单独体相关联用于加热作为单元以熔化相变材料，用于冷却以使 熔融相变材料变成过冷状态，其中将热量作为结晶的潜热储存，然后将成核剂的受控部分转移到相变材料的主体中以引起结晶潜热和释放结晶潜热。 特殊的成核剂包括在加热和冷却步骤之后将含有用于使相变材料成核并且在相变材料中具有溶解度的晶体的组分，使得添加到相变材料的主体中的受控部分将溶解在 该身体在加热步骤。
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公开(公告)号：US4696338A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-29
申请号：US708669
申请日：1985-03-06
CPC分类号： F28D20/025 , Y02E60/145 , Y02E70/30
摘要： Heat storage and transfer system and method in which a liquid-solid phase change material and a liquid-vapor phase change material selected for coaction with each other are disposed in a container with a body of the liquid phase of the liquid-vapor material in continuous contact with a body of the liquid phase of the liquid-solid material for superior heat transfer between the materials for giving up and transferring sensible heat and liquid to solid phase change latent heat to vaporize liquid-vapor phase change material and vapor to liquid phase change latent heat to a condenser/heat exchanger and also for superior heat transfer from a heat source such as a solar or electric heater by giving up the heat of condensation of a vapor phase to a solid-liquid material which accepts the heat as sensible heat and as heat of melting.
摘要翻译： 储存和转移系统和方法，其中将选择用于共同作用的液相 - 相变材料和液 - 气相变材料设置在容器中，液体 - 蒸汽材料的液相体是连续的 与液体 - 固体材料的液相体接触，用于放出和传递显热和液体至固相变潜热的材料之间的良好传热，以将液相 - 汽相变材料和蒸气蒸发成液相变化 潜热到冷凝器/热交换器，并且还通过将气相的冷凝热量放置为接受热量作为显热的固体液体材料而从诸如太阳能或电加热器的热源的优异传热，以及 作为熔化热。
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公开(公告)号：US4451383A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-29
申请号：US74955
申请日：1979-09-13
申请人： Gustaf O. Arrhenius
发明人： Gustaf O. Arrhenius
CPC分类号： A61F7/03 , A61L15/00 , C09K5/063 , F28D20/028 , A61F2007/0292 , Y02E60/145 , Y10S252/962
摘要： A liquid melt becomes converted to crystalline form at a particular temperature either spontaneously or when artificially nucleated. The liquid releases heat at crystallization. If the liquid is in a supercooled state when it begins to crystallize, its temperature will rise from the particular temperature at which it is nucleated.Another liquid material is mixed with the liquid to be crystallized. The liquid additive has properties of forming a metastable solid together with the crystallizing material. When the liquid additive exsolves, the crystalline aggregate is weakened and is easily decomposed into fragments of small size. The liquid additive materials may include monohydric alcohols, diols and triols. The liquid additive material may be included in the liquid to be crystallized, in small amounts, amounts to two percent (2%) to five percent (5%) being typical. The amount and relative metastability of the liquid additive material in the solution contributes to control of the size of the crystals which are ultimately produced when the supercooled fluid crystallizes. A small amount of surface active material may also be included to modify the characteristics of the metastable solid solution, the exsolution process, and the texture of the exsolved crystal aggregate.
摘要翻译： 液体熔体在特定温度下自发地或人工成核时转化为结晶形式。 液体在结晶时释放热量。 如果液体在开始结晶时处于过冷状态，其温度将从其成核的特定温度上升。 另一种液体材料与待结晶的液体混合。 液体添加剂具有与结晶材料一起形成亚稳固体的性质。 当液体添加剂溶出时，结晶聚集体变弱，容易分解成小尺寸的碎片。 液体添加剂材料可以包括一元醇，二醇和三醇。 液体添加剂材料可以包含在待结晶的液体中，其量少，为典型的2％（2％）至5％（5％）。 溶液中液体添加剂材料的量和相对亚稳态有助于控制当过冷流体结晶时最终产生的晶体的尺寸。 还可以包括少量的表面活性物质，以改变亚稳固溶体的特性，溶出过程以及过量的晶体聚集体的质地。
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公开(公告)号：US4391267A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-05
申请号：US254547
申请日：1981-04-15
申请人： Gustaf O. Arrhenius
发明人： Gustaf O. Arrhenius
CPC分类号： C09K5/063
摘要： A liquid melt becomes converted to crystalline form at a particular temperature either spontaneously or when artificially nucleated. The liquid releases heat at crystallization. An additive is dissolved in the liquid melt. The additive has properties of forming a metastable solid solution together with the warm crystalline compound formed from the melt. When the additive exsolves, the crystalline aggregate is weakened and is easily decomposed into fragments of small size. The additive materials may include disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or their ammonium or sodium analogs. The additive may be dissolved in small amounts in the liquid to be crystallized, amounts to two percent (2%) to four percent (4%) being typical. The amount of the relative metastability of the additive in the solid solution contributes to control the size and intergrowth of the crystals which are ultimately produced when the cooling or supercooled fluid crystallizes. The relative amounts of disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSHP) and trisodium phosphate (TSP), or their potassium or ammonium analogs, in the melt controls the pH of the melt. When the liquid constitutes molten sodium thiosulpate pentahydrate (STP), the additive in the mixture is preferably in the form of its highest hydrates to insure that a sufficient amount of water is present in the melt to prevent the liquid melt of STP from crystallizing in an undesirable lower hydrate form.
摘要翻译： 液体熔体在特定温度下自发地或人工成核时转化为结晶形式。 液体在结晶时释放热量。 将添加剂溶解在液体熔体中。 添加剂与由熔体形成的温结晶化合物一起形成亚稳固溶体的性质。 当添加剂溶出时，结晶聚集体变弱，容易分解成小尺寸的碎片。 添加剂材料可包括磷酸氢二钠，磷酸氢二钾或其铵或钠类似物。 添加剂可以少量溶解在待结晶的液体中，相当于典型的2％（2％）至4％（4％）。 添加剂在固溶体中的相对亚稳态的量有助于控制当冷却或过冷流体结晶时最终产生的晶体的尺寸和共生。 在熔体中磷酸氢二钠（DSHP）和磷酸三钠（TSP）或其钾或铵类似物的相对量控制熔体的pH。 当液体构成熔融的硫代硫酸钠五水合物（STP）时，混合物中的添加剂优选为其最高水合物的形式，以确保熔体中存在足够量的水以防止STP的液体熔融结晶 不良的低水合物形式。
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公开(公告)号：US4331556A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-25
申请号：US866695
申请日：1978-01-03
申请人： Gustaf O. Arrhenius
发明人： Gustaf O. Arrhenius
CPC分类号： A61F7/03 , C09K5/063 , F28D20/028 , A61F2007/0292 , Y02E60/145
摘要： A liquid melt becomes converted to crystalline form at a particular temperature either spontaneously or when artificially nucleated. The liquid releases heat at crystallization. If the liquid is in a supercooled state when it begins to crystallize, its temperature will rise from the particular temperature at which it is nucleated.Another liquid material is mixed with the liquid to be crystallized. The liquid additive has properties of forming a metastable solid together with the crystallizing material. When the liquid additive exsolves, the crystalline aggregate is weakened and is easily decomposed into fragments of small size. The liquid additive materials may include monohydric alcohols, diols and triols. The liquid additive material may be included in the liquid to be crystallized, in small amounts, amounts to two percent (2%) to five percent (5%) being typical. The amount and relative metastability of the liquid additive material in the solution contributes to control of the size of the crystals which are ultimately produced when the supercooled fluid crystallizes. A small amount of surface active material may also be included to modify the characteristics of the metastable solid solution, the exsolution process, and the texture of the exsolved crystal aggregate.
摘要翻译： 液体熔体在特定温度下自发地或人工成核时转化为结晶形式。 液体在结晶时释放热量。 如果液体在开始结晶时处于过冷状态，其温度将从其成核的特定温度上升。 另一种液体材料与待结晶的液体混合。 液体添加剂具有与结晶材料一起形成亚稳固体的性质。 当液体添加剂溶出时，结晶聚集体变弱，容易分解成小尺寸的碎片。 液体添加剂材料可以包括一元醇，二醇和三醇。 液体添加剂材料可以包含在待结晶的液体中，其量少，为典型的2％（2％）至5％（5％）。 溶液中液体添加剂材料的量和相对亚稳态有助于控制当过冷流体结晶时最终产生的晶体的尺寸。 还可以包括少量的表面活性物质，以改变亚稳固溶体的特性，溶出过程以及过量的晶体聚集体的质地。
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