公开(公告)号：US20130175450A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-11

申请号：US13825377

申请日：2011-09-09

申请人： James J. Scherer ,  Joshua B. Paul ,  Hans-Juerg Jost

发明人： James J. Scherer ,  Joshua B. Paul ,  Hans-Juerg Jost

IPC分类号： G01N21/61

CPC分类号： G01N21/61 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G02F1/3534 ,  G02F1/3775

摘要： A gas sensor system includes a laser module, optical chamber module, and a gas sensor cell. The laser chamber module includes two laser light sources producing laser light emissions at wavelengths λ1 and λ2, respectively. Each beam path optionally includes an optical isolator. The beam paths enter the housing of the optical chamber module where they are combined into a third wavelength, λ. The housing of the optical chamber module includes an inlet and an outlet for passing a selected target gas. The gas sensor cell mates to the inlet of the housing. The target gas passes through the adjacent gas cell and into the optical chamber module through the inlet. The target gas exits the optical chamber module through the outlet. Within the optical chamber module, a nonlinear crystal receives the laser light emissions at wavelengths λ1 and λ2 and generates the third wavelength, λ3. The wavelength λ3 is selected to be at the mid-IR spectral absorption feature of the target gas, i.e. a strong absorption line in the vibrational spectrum of a specific chemical species that is targeted by the gas sensor. The third wavelength λ3 is generated by the interaction of the electric fields of the two laser emissions. The nonlinear optical crystal may be periodically poled, and configured to frequency-convert the first and second laser beams. The residual light from the two laser sources is removed from the mid-infrared beam with an absorptive and/or reflective optical filter.

摘要翻译： 气体传感器系统包括激光模块，光学室模块和气体传感器单元。 激光室模块包括分别产生波长λ1和λ2的激光发射的两个激光光源。 每个光束路径可选地包括光隔离器。 光束路径进入光学室模块的壳体，在那里它们被组合成第三波长λ。 光学室模块的壳体包括用于使所选择的目标气体通过的入口和出口。 气体传感器单元与壳体的入口配合。 目标气体通过相邻的气室并通过入口进入光学室模块。 目标气体通过出口离开光学室模块。 在光学室模块内，非线性晶体接收波长λ1和λ2的激光发射，并产生第三波长λ3。 波长λ3选择为目标气体的中红外光谱吸收特征，即由气体传感器靶向的特定化学物质的振动光谱中的强吸收谱线。 第三波长λ3由两个激光发射的电场的相互作用产生。 非线性光学晶体可以周期性极化，并且被配置为对第一和第二激光束进行频率转换。 来自两个激光源的残余光用吸收和/或反射光学滤光器从中红外光束中去除。

公开(公告)号：US09651488B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-16

申请号：US13229511

申请日：2011-09-09

申请人： James J. Scherer ,  Joshua B. Paul ,  Hans-Jürg Jost

发明人： James J. Scherer ,  Joshua B. Paul ,  Hans-Jürg Jost

IPC分类号： G01N21/61 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/39

CPC分类号： G01N21/61 ,  G01N21/031 ,  G01N21/0332 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N33/0037 ,  G01N33/004 ,  Y02A50/245

摘要： A gas sensor system is provided, comprising: a gas cell operable so as to receive a sample gas; a vacuum system fluidically coupled to the gas cell operable to maintain the sample gas within the gas cell at a sub-ambient pressure; a pressure sensor operable to sense a pressure of the sample gas; a thermally insulated enclosure having the gas cell therein; a heat source or heat exchanger operable to influence an interior temperature of the thermally insulated enclosure; a light source within the thermally insulated enclosure operable to provide a mid-infrared (mid-IR) light into and through the gas cell; a photodetector within the thermally insulated enclosure operable to receive the attenuated mid-IR; and a control system electronically coupled to the vacuum system and to the pressure sensor operable to maintain the sample gas within the gas cell at the predetermined pressure to within one torr (1 Torr).

公开(公告)号：US09012851B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-21

申请号：US13825377

申请日：2011-09-09

申请人： James J. Scherer ,  Joshua B. Paul ,  Hans-Juerg Jost

发明人： James J. Scherer ,  Joshua B. Paul ,  Hans-Juerg Jost

IPC分类号： G01J5/08 ,  G01N21/61 ,  G01N21/3504

CPC分类号： G01N21/61 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G02F1/3534 ,  G02F1/3775

摘要： A gas sensor system includes a laser module, optical chamber module, and a gas sensor cell. The laser chamber module includes two laser light sources producing laser light emissions at wavelengths λ1 and λ2, respectively. Each beam path optionally includes an optical isolator. The beam paths enter the housing of the optical chamber module where they are combined into a third wavelength, λ. The housing of the optical chamber module includes an inlet and an outlet for passing a selected target gas. The gas sensor cell mates to the inlet of the housing. The target gas passes through the adjacent gas cell and into the optical chamber module through the inlet. The target gas exits the optical chamber module through the outlet. Within the optical chamber module, a nonlinear crystal receives the laser light emissions at wavelengths λ1 and λ2 and generates the third wavelength, λ3. The wavelength λ3 is selected to be at the mid-IR spectral absorption feature of the target gas, i.e. a strong absorption line in the vibrational spectrum of a specific chemical species that is targeted by the gas sensor. The third wavelength λ3 is generated by the interaction of the electric fields of the two laser emissions. The nonlinear optical crystal may be periodically poled, and configured to frequency-convert the first and second laser beams. The residual light from the two laser sources is removed from the mid-infrared beam with an absorptive and/or reflective optical filter.

摘要翻译： 气体传感器系统包括激光模块，光学室模块和气体传感器单元。 激光室模块包括分别产生波长λ1和λ2的激光发射的两个激光光源。 每个光束路径可选地包括光隔离器。 光束路径进入光学室模块的壳体，在那里它们被组合成第三波长λ。 光学室模块的壳体包括用于使所选择的目标气体通过的入口和出口。 气体传感器单元与壳体的入口配合。 目标气体通过相邻的气室并通过入口进入光学室模块。 目标气体通过出口离开光学室模块。 在光学室模块内，非线性晶体接收波长λ1和λ2的激光发射，并产生第三波长λ3。 波长λ3选择为目标气体的中红外光谱吸收特征，即由气体传感器靶向的特定化学物质的振动光谱中的强吸收谱线。 第三波长λ3由两个激光发射的电场的相互作用产生。 非线性光学晶体可以周期性极化，并且被配置为对第一和第二激光束进行频率转换。 来自两个激光源的残余光用吸收和/或反射光学滤光器从中红外光束中去除。

公开(公告)号：US20120287418A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-15

申请号：US13229511

申请日：2011-09-09

申请人： James J. SCHERER ,  Joshua B. Paul ,  Hans-Jürg Jost

发明人： James J. SCHERER ,  Joshua B. Paul ,  Hans-Jürg Jost

IPC分类号： G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/59

CPC分类号： G01N21/61 ,  G01N21/031 ,  G01N21/0332 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N33/0037 ,  G01N33/004 ,  Y02A50/245

摘要： A gas sensor system is provided, comprising: a gas cell operable so as to receive a sample gas; a vacuum system fluidically coupled to the gas cell operable to maintain the sample gas within the gas cell at a sub-ambient pressure; a pressure sensor operable to sense a pressure of the sample gas; a thermally insulated enclosure having the gas cell therein; a heat source or heat exchanger operable to influence an interior temperature of the thermally insulated enclosure; a light source within the thermally insulated enclosure operable to provide a mid-infrared (mid-IR) light into and through the gas cell; a photodetector within the thermally insulated enclosure operable to receive the attenuated mid-IR; and a control system electronically coupled to the vacuum system and to the pressure sensor operable to maintain the sample gas within the gas cell at the predetermined pressure to within one torr (1 Torr).

摘要翻译： 提供了一种气体传感器系统，包括：可操作以接收样品气体的气室; 流体耦合到所述气室的真空系统，其可操作以将所述样品气体保持在所述气室内的亚环境压力; 压力传感器，其可操作以感测样气的压力; 绝热外壳，其中具有气室; 热源或热交换器，其可操作以影响绝热外壳的内部温度; 所述绝热壳体内的光源可操作以向所述气室提供中红外（中红外）光; 所述绝热外壳内的光电检测器可操作以接收衰减的中红外; 以及电子耦合到所述真空系统和所述压力传感器的控制系统，所述压力传感器可操作以将所述气室内的样品气体保持在一乇（1乇）内的预定压力。

公开(公告)号：US06795190B1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-21

申请号：US09976549

申请日：2001-10-12

申请人： Joshua B Paul ,  James J Scherer ,  Anthony O'Keefe

发明人： Joshua B Paul ,  James J Scherer ,  Anthony O'Keefe

IPC分类号： G01N2100

CPC分类号： G01N21/39 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/031

摘要： This patent describes a new method and apparatus which allows optical cavities to be used simply and effectively as absorption cells for the purpose of performing sensitive absorption spectroscopy. This method introduces a continuous-wave light beam into the cavity using an off-axis cavity alignment geometry to systematically eliminate the resonances commonly associated with optical cavities, while preserving the absorption signal amplifying properties of such cavities. This reduces the complexity of the apparatus considerably compared with other optical cavity-based absorption methods when applied in conjunction with either cavity ringdown spectroscopy or integrated cavity output spectroscopy. This method can also be used to characterize other optical loss processes occurring within the cavity such as scattering or total extinction coefficients, and to determine the losses due to the cavity mirrors themselves (reflectometry).

摘要翻译： 该专利描述了一种新的方法和装置，其允许光学腔被简单有效地用作吸收单元，用于进行灵敏吸收光谱。 该方法使用离轴空腔对准几何形式将连续波光束引入空腔，以系统地消除通常与光腔相关的共振，同时保持这种空腔的吸收信号放大特性。 与其它基于光学腔的吸收方法相比，当与空腔衰减光谱学或集成腔体输出光谱学结合使用时，这显着地降低了装置的复杂性。 该方法还可以用于表征腔内发生的其它光学损耗过程，例如散射或总消光系数，并确定由于腔镜本身（反射测量）引起的损耗。

公开(公告)号：US06694067B1

公开(公告)日：2004-02-17

申请号：US09755925

申请日：2001-01-05

申请人： Anthony O'Keefe ,  James J. Scherer

发明人： Anthony O'Keefe ,  James J. Scherer

IPC分类号： G02B600

CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 ,  G01N2021/7716 ,  G01N2021/7783 ,  G02B6/02033 ,  G02B6/02057

摘要： Chemically specific fiber and waveguide sensors are formed in a fiber optic or optical waveguide material in which injected light is trapped within a Bragg grating optical cavity. The Bragg cavity effectively traps the light for long times, corresponding to effective path lengths equal to hundreds or thousands of meters in the fiber or waveguide medium. The Bragg grating optical cavity is surrounded by a cladding of chemically sensitive material whose optical properties change when exposed to specific chemicals or classes of chemicals. The change in the optical properties of the cladding results in a change in the light trapping characteristics of the fiber or waveguide. Changes in optical transmission of the fiber optic or waveguide sensor can then be related to the concentration of specific chemicals or classes of chemicals in the environment surrounding the sensor.

摘要翻译： 化学特异性纤维和波导传感器形成在光纤或光波导材料中，其中注入的光被捕获在布拉格光栅光腔内。 布拉格腔有效地捕获光线长时间，对应于在光纤或波导介质中等于数百或数千米的有效路径长度。 布拉格光栅光腔由化学敏感材料的包层所包围，其光学性质在暴露于特定化学物质或化学物质类别时会发生变化。 包层的光学特性的变化导致光纤或波导的光捕获特性的变化。 然后光纤或波导传感器的光传输变化可以与传感器周围的环境中特定化学物质或化学物质的浓度有关。