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公开(公告)号：US09261635B2
公开(公告)日：2016-02-16
申请号：US13537805
申请日：2012-06-29
IPC分类号： G02F1/01 , G02B5/30 , G02B5/32 , G01J1/04 , H04J14/06 , G02B6/12 , G02B6/126 , G01J1/42 , H04J14/02
CPC分类号： G02B5/30 , G01J1/0425 , G01J1/0429 , G01J1/4228 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/12019 , G02B6/126 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/0279 , H04J14/06
摘要： An optical system may include a polarization beam splitter having an input that receives multiple optical signals, a first output and a second output. The first output may provide components of the multiple optical signals having a first polarization. The second output may provide components of the multiple optical signals having a second polarization. The optical system may include a rotator having an input that receives the components to rotate the first polarization such that each of the components has the second polarization, and an output to supply components as rotated components.The optical system may also include an optical circuit including a substrate. The rotator may be separate from the substrate. The optical circuit may include an optical demultiplexer circuit provided on the substrate to receive the rotated components and the components.
摘要翻译： 光学系统可以包括具有接收多个光信号，第一输出和第二输出的输入的偏振分束器。 第一输出可以提供具有第一偏振的多个光信号的分量。 第二输出可以提供具有第二偏振的多个光信号的分量。 光学系统可以包括旋转器，其具有接收组件以旋转第一偏振的输入，使得每个组件具有第二偏振，以及用于将组件作为旋转分量供给的输出。 光学系统还可以包括包括衬底的光学电路。 旋转体可以与基底分开。 光电路可以包括设置在基板上以接收旋转的部件和部件的光解复用器电路。
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2.发明授权Forward error correction (FEC) convergence by controlling reliability levels of decoded words in a soft FEC decoder 有权通过控制软FEC解码器中的解码字的可靠性水平来进行前向纠错（FEC）收敛公开(公告)号：US08645788B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-04
申请号：US13341226
申请日：2011-12-30
CPC分类号： H03M13/2963 , H03M13/451 , H04L1/005
摘要： A system receives a first word on which to perform error correction; identifies combinations in which encoded bits, within the first word, can be inverted; generates candidate words based on the first word and the combinations; decodes the candidate words; determines distances between the decoded words and the first word; selects, as a second word, one of the decoded words associated with a shortest distance; compares the second word to the first word to identify errors within the first word; generates a value to cause a reliability level of the first word to increase when a quantity of the errors is less than a threshold; generates another value to cause a reliability level of the first word to decrease when the quantity of the errors is not less than the threshold; and outputs a third word based on the first word, and the value or the other value.
摘要翻译： 系统接收要进行纠错的第一个字; 识别其中可以反转第一个单词内的编码比特的组合; 基于第一个单词和组合生成候选词; 解码候选词; 确定解码字与第一字之间的距离; 选择与最短距离相关联的解码字之一作为第二个字; 将第二个单词与第一个单词进行比较，以识别第一个单词内的错误; 产生一个值，当误差量小于阈值时，使第一个字的可靠性水平增加; 产生另一个值，当误差量不小于阈值时，使第一个字的可靠性水平降低; 并且基于第一个字，以及该值或另一个值输出第三个字。
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公开(公告)号：US20110293292A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-01
申请号：US12790780
申请日：2010-05-28
申请人： Huan-Shang Tsai , Jeffrey T. Rahn
发明人： Huan-Shang Tsai , Jeffrey T. Rahn
IPC分类号： H04B10/06
CPC分类号： H04B10/697
摘要： An optical receiver circuit is disclosed in which a number of electrical signals are processed to extract data encoded therein. The electrical signals may be compared during the process to selectively remove one or more waveforms from one or more corresponding electrical signals. Various data signals, each including one or more waveforms, may then be processed to extract the encoded data. The optical receiver circuit reduces, or eliminates, electrical offsets which may be present in one or more of the electrical signals to reduce corresponding errors in the encoded data signals.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种光接收机电路，其中处理多个电信号以提取其中编码的数据。 可以在该过程期间比较电信号以选择性地从一个或多个对应的电信号中去除一个或多个波形。 然后可以处理各自包括一个或多个波形的数据信号以提取编码数据。 光接收器电路减少或消除可能存在于一个或多个电信号中的电偏移以减少编码数据信号中的相应误差。
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公开(公告)号：US20100322623A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-23
申请号：US12730207
申请日：2010-03-23
申请人： Jeffrey T. Rahn
发明人： Jeffrey T. Rahn
IPC分类号： H04K3/00
CPC分类号： H04L27/223 , H04B10/6971 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/06 , H04L1/0047
摘要： The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio performance in receivers configured to receive differential data signals. According to various embodiments of the invention, a received differential signal is processed to consider both forward-looking and backward-looking error components to improve SNR performance, and ultimately the reach of the optical line system. Additional processing is provided to further enhance noise tolerance related to chromatic dispersion.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于改善接收器中的信噪比性能的系统，装置和方法，该接收器被配置为接收差分数据信号。 根据本发明的各种实施例，处理接收到的差分信号以考虑前瞻性和后向误差分量两者以提高SNR性能，最终考虑光线路系统的范围。 提供附加处理以进一步增强与色散相关的噪声容限。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06940142B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US09898321
申请日：2001-07-02
申请人： Robert A. Street , Ping Mei , Jeffrey T. Rahn
发明人： Robert A. Street , Ping Mei , Jeffrey T. Rahn
IPC分类号： H01L23/522 , H01L27/146 , H01L31/00
CPC分类号： H01L27/14658 , H01L23/5221 , H01L27/14643 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： The signal-to-noise ratio of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) image sensor arrays is limited by electronic noise, which is largely due to data line capacitance. To reduce data line capacitance, an air-gap (i.e., vacuum or gas-filled space) is produced at crossover points separating the data lines and gate lines. This air-gap crossover structure is formed by depositing a release material on the gate lines, forming the data lines on the release material, and then removing (etching) the release material such that the data lines form an arch extending over the gate lines. A dielectric material is then applied to strengthen the data line, and the sensor pixels are then formed.
摘要翻译： 非晶硅（a-Si：H）图像传感器阵列的信噪比受电子噪声限制，这主要是由于数据线电容。 为了减少数据线电容，在分隔数据线和栅极线的交叉点产生气隙（即，真空或气体填充的空间）。 这种气隙交叉结构通过在栅极线上沉积释放材料，在释放材料上形成数据线，然后去除（蚀刻）剥离材料，使得数据线形成在栅极线上延伸的拱形来形成。 然后施加电介质材料以加强数据线，然后形成传感器像素。
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公开(公告)号：US06720594B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-13
申请号：US10041544
申请日：2002-01-07
IPC分类号： H01L2700
CPC分类号： H01L27/14609 , H01L27/14658 , H01L31/1055
摘要： Improved pixel circuits are disclosed for high fill-factor large area imager systems using continuous (e.g., amorphous silicon) sensor layers. A first approach prevents crosstalk by ensuring that each pixel is not able to go into saturation. A second approach employs a cascode transistor to maintain the bias of the sensor contact at a constant potential regardless of illumination condition. These two approaches may be combined. A resistive film connecting the pixel contacts may be used in conjunction with the second approach to prevent aliasing of signal and noise.
摘要翻译： 公开了使用连续（例如非晶硅）传感器层的高填充因子大面积成像器系统的改进的像素电路。 第一种方法通过确保每个像素不能进入饱和状态来防止串扰。 第二种方法采用共源共栅晶体管，以将传感器接触的偏压保持在恒定的电位，而与照明条件无关。 这两种方法可以组合。 连接像素触点的电阻膜可以与第二种方法一起使用，以防止信号和噪声的混叠。
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公开(公告)号：US06579238B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US09791405
申请日：2001-02-23
申请人： Constantine Simopoulos , Kutay F. Üstüner , Anming He Cai , Jeffrey T. Rahn , John Jackson , Matthew O'Donnell
发明人： Constantine Simopoulos , Kutay F. Üstüner , Anming He Cai , Jeffrey T. Rahn , John Jackson , Matthew O'Donnell
IPC分类号： A61B800
CPC分类号： G01S15/8988 , A61B8/14 , G01S7/52026 , G01S7/52033 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/52036
摘要： A medical ultrasonic imaging system uses an adaptive multi-dimensional back-end mapping stage to eliminate loss of information in the back-end, minimize any back-end quantization noise, reduce or eliminate electronic noise, and map the local average of soft tissue to a target display value throughout the image. The system uses spatial variance to identify regions of the image corresponding substantially to soft tissue and a noise frame acquired with the transmitters turned off to determine the mean system noise level. The system then uses the mean noise level and the identified regions of soft tissue to both locally and adaptively set various back-end mapping stages, including the gain and dynamic range.
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公开(公告)号：US06408054B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09444704
申请日：1999-11-24
申请人： Jeffrey T. Rahn , Raj B. Apte
发明人： Jeffrey T. Rahn , Raj B. Apte
IPC分类号： G21K102
CPC分类号： G21K1/10
摘要： Image contrast grids include a body having openings and an x-ray absorbing material in the openings. The openings can be formed by various micromachining techniques and the x-ray absorbing material can be formed in the openings by various coating and deposition techniques. The image contrast grids can have contoured surfaces for improved focusing capabilities. The image contrast grids can remove Compton scattered x-rays in two, non-normal dimensions. The openings can be formed with fine structures that are not visible in most imaging modes.
摘要翻译： 图像对比栅格包括在开口中具有开口的主体和x射线吸收材料。 可以通过各种微加工技术形成开口，并且可以通过各种涂布和沉积技术在开口中形成x射线吸收材料。 图像对比栅格可以具有轮廓表面，以提高聚焦能力。 图像对比网格可以以两个非正常尺寸去除康普顿散射的X射线。 开口可以形成为在大多数成像模式中不可见的精细结构。
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公开(公告)号：US20210091876A1
公开(公告)日：2021-03-25
申请号：US16578396
申请日：2019-09-22
申请人： Jeffrey T. Rahn , Kuang-Tsan Wu , Steven J. Hand , David F. Welsh
发明人： Jeffrey T. Rahn , Kuang-Tsan Wu , Steven J. Hand , David F. Welsh
摘要： A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. As the bandwidth or capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers, and thus the amount of data provided to each node, may be changed accordingly. Each subcarrier within a dedicated group of subcarriers may carry OAM or control channel information to a corresponding leaf node, and such information may be used by the leaf node to configure the leaf node to have a desired bandwidth or capacity.
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公开(公告)号：US08238760B2
公开(公告)日：2012-08-07
申请号：US12730207
申请日：2010-03-23
申请人： Jeffrey T. Rahn
发明人： Jeffrey T. Rahn
IPC分类号： H04B10/06
CPC分类号： H04L27/223 , H04B10/6971 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/06 , H04L1/0047
摘要： The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio performance in receivers configured to receive differential data signals. According to various embodiments of the invention, a received differential signal is processed to consider both forward-looking and backward-looking error components to improve SNR performance, and ultimately the reach of the optical line system. Additional processing is provided to further enhance noise tolerance related to chromatic dispersion.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于改善接收器中的信噪比性能的系统，装置和方法，该接收器被配置为接收差分数据信号。 根据本发明的各种实施例，处理接收到的差分信号以考虑前瞻性和后向误差分量两者以提高SNR性能，最终考虑光线路系统的范围。 提供附加处理以进一步增强与色散相关的噪声容限。
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