公开(公告)号：US4170550A

公开(公告)日：1979-10-09

申请号：US891686

申请日：1978-03-30

申请人： John F. Kamody

发明人： John F. Kamody

IPC分类号： B01D53/34 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10K1/06 ,  B01D13/00

CPC分类号： C10K1/06 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D61/025 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10J2300/0909 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

摘要： Aqueous effluents from a process for gasifying carbonaceous materials may contain environmentally unacceptable compounds like hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and compounds thereof, and dissolved salts and compounds of heavy metals and sulfur compounds. These compounds are removed from the aqueous effluents of the process for gasifying carbonaceous materials by recycling the aqueous effluents to the gasifier wherein the compounds are oxidized, reduced, or decomposed into environmentally innocuous compounds that can be released to the atmosphere or removed from the gasification process in the residue.

摘要翻译： 用于气化碳质材料的方法的水性流出物可以含有环境不可接受的化合物，如氰化氢，氨及其化合物，以及溶解的盐和重金属和硫化合物的化合物。 通过将含水废水再循环到气化器中，将化合物氧化，还原或分解成可释放到大气中或从气化过程中除去的无害环境化合物，将碳酸物质气化的方法从含水物质的废水中除去。 在残渣中。

公开(公告)号：US4322221A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-30

申请号：US180124

申请日：1980-08-21

申请人： John F. Kamody

发明人： John F. Kamody

IPC分类号： C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/00

CPC分类号： C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/506 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0953 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  Y10S48/02 ,  Y10S48/07

摘要： A process is disclosed for gasifying solid carbonaceous material at elevated temperature and pressure to produce a gas consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which comprises forming a slurry at atmospheric pressure of the carbonaceous material with a liquid having a specific gravity of from 1.1 to 1.9, a boiling temperature of at least 70.degree. F., a latent heat of vaporization less than about 200 BTU per pound, a critical temperature which is less than the incipient coking temperature of the carbonaceous material, a stability at temperatures up to 600.degree. F., an essentially inert chemical reaction with the carbonaceous material at temperatures less than about 600.degree. F., an immiscibility with water or solubility in water at no more than 5%, and a dissolving ability for hydrogen sulfide at temperatures of from -40 to 250.degree. F., and raising the formed slurry to a pressure of at least the gasification pressure and vaporizing said liquid and gasifying said carbonaceous material, either in the same or in separate steps. Examples of suitable slurrying liquids are: carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, trichloroethylene, bromoethane, chlorobenzene, methane dichloride, chloroform, or mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在升高的温度和压力下气化固体碳质材料以产生由一氧化碳和氢气组成的气体的方法，其包括在碳质材料的大气压下用比重为1.1至1.9的液体形成浆料， 沸腾温度至少为70°F，蒸发潜热低于约200 BTU /磅，临界温度小于碳质材料的初始焦化温度，在高达600°F的温度下的稳定性。 在低于约600°F的温度下与碳质材料发生基本上惰性的化学反应，与水的不混溶性或在水中的溶解度不超过5％，以及在-40至250℃的温度下硫化氢的溶解能力 将所形成的浆料升至至少气化压力的压力并使所述液体蒸发并气化所述含碳材料，eithe r在相同或单独的步骤。 合适的制浆液体的实例是：四氯化碳，二硫化碳，三氯乙烯，溴乙烷，氯苯，甲烷二氯化物，氯仿或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US4275044A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-23

申请号：US973395

申请日：1978-12-26

申请人： John F. Kamody

发明人： John F. Kamody

IPC分类号： B01D53/50 ,  C01B17/04 ,  C01B17/00 ,  C01B1/13 ,  C01B17/02 ,  C01B31/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/508 ,  C01B17/0491

摘要： There is disclosed a multi-stage process for reducing sulfur dioxide to sulfur or to hydrogen sulfide whereby a hydrogen-containing gas from a high temperature gasifier is used. In the first stage of the process, the gasifier exit gas is contacted at a minimum temperature of about 1800.degree. F. with recycle gas containing SO.sub.2, H.sub.2 S, COS, mercaptans, and CS.sub.2 in order primarily to reduce the organic sulfur compounds, i.e., COS, mercaptans, and CS.sub.2, which heretofore would tend to accumulate in prior known methods employing a carbonaceous fuel for the reduction of SO.sub.2. Gas leaving the first stage is then sent to a second stage wherein SO.sub.2 from an external source is added. Reduction of sulfur dioxide occurs in the second stage at a temperature of about 2000.degree. F. minimum, with the surplus heat of reaction removed by the generation of steam. Gas leaves the second stage and is thereafter cooled with simultaneous generation of steam and selective condensation of sulfur vapor. After cleaning and compression, the residual sulfur compounds contained in the gas may be removed and may then be returned to the first stage of the process or else introduced to a known sulfur recovery process. The disclosed process can permit the production of a useful gas without the need for preheating reactants or supplemental steam generation. In addition, the release of sulfur compounds to the atmosphere is eliminated or reduced in an economical manner. A minimal amount of process steam is used on an overall basis, thereby minimizing the problems associated in prior methods with condensation of sulfur vapor or treatment of aqueous effluents.

摘要翻译： 公开了将二氧化硫还原为硫或硫化氢的多阶段方法，由此使用来自高温气化器的含氢气体。 在该方法的第一阶段，气化器出口气体在约1800°F的最低温度下与含有SO 2，H 2 S，COS，硫醇和CS 2的循环气体接触，主要是为了减少有机硫化合物， COS，硫醇和CS2，其迄今将倾向于以先前已知的使用碳质燃料来还原SO 2的方法积累。 然后将离开第一阶段的气体送至第二阶段，其中加入来自外部来源的SO2。 二氧化硫的还原在最低约2000°F的温度的第二阶段发生，反应的余热通过产生蒸汽而消除。 气体离开第二阶段，然后冷却同时产生蒸汽和硫蒸汽的选择性冷凝。 在清洁和压缩之后，可以除去气体中所含的残余硫化合物，然后可以将其返回到该方法的第一阶段，或者引入已知的硫回收方法。 所公开的方法可以允许生产有用的气体，而不需要预热反应物或补充蒸汽产生。 此外，以经济的方式消除或减少了硫化合物向大气中的释放。 在总体上使用最少量的工艺蒸汽，从而最小化与先前的硫蒸汽冷凝或处理含水废水的方法相关的问题。

公开(公告)号：US4265868A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-05

申请号：US876009

申请日：1978-02-08

申请人： John F. Kamody

发明人： John F. Kamody

IPC分类号： C01B3/34 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C21B13/00 ,  C01B31/00

CPC分类号： C21B13/0073 ,  C01B3/34 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10K1/004 ,  C10K1/005 ,  C10K3/026 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  Y02P10/122 ,  Y02P10/128 ,  Y02P10/136 ,  Y02P10/143 ,  Y02P10/265 ,  Y02P10/283 ,  Y02P20/146

摘要： An increased amount of carbon monoxide is produced in a process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials by employing a reverse water gas shift reaction in the process. Raw gas produced by the gasification of carbonaceous materials contains predominantly carbon monoxide and hydrogen along with hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, water and methane. Carbon dioxide is separated from the raw gas as is the hydrogen sulfide. Thereafter, the carbon monoxide is separated from the raw gas to yield one portion of the carbon monoxide product gas. After the removal of carbon monoxide the raw gas consists of a hydrogen-rich gas. The hydrogen-rich gas which may be purified is mixed with the previously separated carbon dioxide along with any imported carbon dioxide and along with a recycle gas from a catalytic reaction loop. This mixed gas is conveyed to a heat exchanger in the catalytic reaction loop and passed through a heat exchanger located immediately after the gasifier through which the raw product gas passes. In the heat exchanger the hot raw product gas indirectly contacts the mixed gas and transfers some of its sensible heat to the mixed gas to effect the catalytically promoted, endothermic reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce a carbon monoxide-containing gas. The indirect contacting for heat exchange is conducted in a manner that limits the accumulation of elemental carbon from any of the carbon-containing components of the mixed gas. The carbon monoxide is separated from the other components of the carbon monoxide-containing gas to yield a second portion of carbon monoxide gas which is then combined with the first portion of carbon monoxide product gas to give the increased amount of carbon monoxide product gas.

摘要翻译： 通过在该方法中采用反向水煤气变换反应，在碳质材料的气化过程中产生一氧化碳的量增加。 由碳质材料气化产生的原料气主要包含一氧化碳和氢气以及硫化氢，二氧化碳，水和甲烷。 二氧化碳与原始气体分离，如硫化氢。 此后，将一氧化碳与原料气体分离，得到一部分一氧化碳产物气体。 除去一氧化碳后，原料气体由富氢气组成。 可以将纯化的富氢气体与先前分离的二氧化碳以及任何进口的二氧化碳以及来自催化反应回路的再循环气体混合。 将该混合气体输送到催化反应回路中的热交换器，并通过位于原料气体通过的气化器之后的热交换器。 在热交换器中，热原料气体间接地接触混合气体并将一些显热转移到混合气体中，以进行二氧化碳和氢气的催化促进的吸热反应，产生含一氧化碳的气体。 热交换的间接接触以限制来自混合气体的任何含碳成分的元素碳积累的方式进行。 一氧化碳与含一氧化碳的气体的其它组分分离，得到第二部分一氧化碳气体，然后与第一部分一氧化碳产物气体混合，以产生增加量的一氧化碳产物气体。