公开(公告)号：US4271389A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-02

申请号：US45442

申请日：1979-06-04

申请人： John H. Jacobi ,  Lawrence E. Larsen

发明人： John H. Jacobi ,  Lawrence E. Larsen

IPC分类号： A61B5/05 ,  G01N24/00 ,  G01R27/04 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G06T11/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/0507 ,  A61B5/05 ,  G01N24/008 ,  G01R27/04 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  A61B5/7257

摘要： A physiologic facsimile image of a biological target without multipath comination is obtained by first producing, for each one of a plurality of sample locations which are spaced so as to define a two-dimensional array, a time delay spectrum wherein the frequency of each spectral ordinate represents the instantaneous differential propagation delay between a first microwave signal which has been propagated through the target and a second microwave signal which initially corresponds to the first microwave signal, and which has been propagated through means having a predetermined propagation delay, and measuring the amplitude of the spectral ordinate corresponding to the direct ray path of propagation through the target, so as to obtain a set of data. The set of data is then digitized and converted from time domain to frequency domain. The transformed data is then processed by sorting the data into column order; magnifying data derived from the sorting step so as to enhance and preserve the resolution of the image; mapping data derived from the magnifying step into further data using a predetermined mapping function so as to enhance the contrast between selected portions of the image; and obtaining a set of control signals which are used to actuate a display device to generate the facsimile image by filtering data derived from the mapping step using a band pass function which rejects spatial frequencies below a predetermined first frequency and/or rejects spatial frequencies above a predetermined second frequency so as to minimize, respectively, the effects of variations in the thickness of the target and/or spurious frequencies resulting from the magnifying step.

摘要翻译： 通过首先对间隔开以限定二维阵列的多个样本位置中的每一个进行生成，获得没有多路径污染的生物目标的生理传真图像，其中每个频谱纵坐标的频率 表示已经通过目标传播的第一微波信号和最初对应于第一微波信号的第二微波信号之间的瞬时差分传播延迟，并且已经通过具有预定传播延迟的装置传播，并且测量 对应于通过目标的传播的直接射线路径的光谱纵坐标，以便获得一组数据。 然后将该组数据数字化并从时域转换到频域。 然后通过将数据排列成列顺序来处理变换后的数据; 从分选步骤得到的放大数据，以增强和保持图像的分辨率; 使用预定的映射函数将从放大步骤得到的数据映射为另外的数据，以便增强图像的所选部分之间的对比度; 以及获得一组控制信号，所述控制信号用于致动显示装置以通过使用拒绝低于预定的第一频率的空间频率和/或拒绝低于预定的第一频率的空间频率的带通函数来过滤从所述映射步骤导出的数据来产生所述传真图像 预定的第二频率，以分别最小化由放大步骤产生的目标厚度和/或杂散频率的变化的影响。

公开(公告)号：US4247815A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-27

申请号：US41374

申请日：1979-05-22

申请人： Lawrence E. Larsen ,  John H. Jacobi

发明人： Lawrence E. Larsen ,  John H. Jacobi

IPC分类号： G01N24/00 ,  G01R27/04 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G06T11/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/0507 ,  G01N24/008 ,  G01R27/04 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  A61B5/7257

摘要： A physiologic facsimile image of a biological target is obtained by: scang the target by transmitting a microwave signal through the target and measuring at least one of the amplitude and phase components of the complex microwave power transmission coefficient at each one of a plurality of sample locations which are spaced so as to define a two-dimensional array and such that a set of digital data for each of the measured components is obtained, and for at least one of the sets of data; sorting the set of data into column order; magnifying data derived from the sorting step so as to enhance the resolution of the image; mapping data derived from the magnifying step into further data using a predetermined mapping function so as to enhance the contrast between selected portions of the image; and obtaining the set of control signals by filtering data derived from the mapping step using a band pass function which rejects spatial frequencies below a predetermined first frequency and/or rejects spatial frequencies above a predetermined second frequency so as to minimize, respectively, the effects of variations in the thickness of the target and/or spurious frequencies resulting from the magnifying step.

摘要翻译： 通过以下方式获得生物目标的生理传真图像：通过将目标物传送通过目标物进行微波信号扫描，并测量复数微波功率传输系数的幅度和相位分量中的至少一个在多个采样位置 其间隔开以限定二维阵列，并且使得获得用于每个测量分量的一组数字数据，并且对于所述数据集合中的至少一个; 将数据集排列成列顺序; 从分选步骤得到的数据放大，以提高图像的分辨率; 使用预定的映射函数将从放大步骤得到的数据映射为另外的数据，以便增强图像的所选部分之间的对比度; 以及通过使用拒绝低于预定第一频率的空间频率和/或拒绝高于预定第二频率的空间频率的带通函数来过滤从所述映射步骤导出的数据来获得所述一组控制信号，以便分别最小化 目标的厚度变化和/或放大步骤产生的杂散频率。

公开(公告)号：US4240027A

公开(公告)日：1980-12-16

申请号：US938625

申请日：1978-08-31

申请人： Lawrence E. Larsen ,  John H. Jacobi

发明人： Lawrence E. Larsen ,  John H. Jacobi

IPC分类号： G01N27/22 ,  G01N33/487 ,  G01R27/26

CPC分类号： G01N33/48735

摘要： A method for electromagnetic analysis of cellular or cell ghost physiology and pharmacology without disrupting the physcial integrity of the cell membrane is described. The method utilizes the technique of multifrequency automatic network analysis and signal processing to derive complex permittivities from the error corrected complex reflection coefficient of cell containing samples at each measured frequency. Complex permittivity at each frequency is then related to the dispersion in dielectric conductivity (a term which includes ohmic and non-ohmic losses) thereby measuring the ion permeability barrier and transport functions of the cell membrane and ion distribution inside of and outside of the cell membrane. The method measures the complex reflection coefficient of a capacitive termination containing a cellular sample as high frequencies are applied. Meaningful data can be developed in the range of frequencies of from 100 KHz to 100 MHz depending upon the exact nature of the cells and the automatic network analyzer used.

摘要翻译： 描述了细胞或细胞幽灵生理学和药理学的电磁分析方法，而不破坏细胞膜的物理完整性。 该方法利用多频自动网络分析和信号处理技术，从每个测量频率的包含样本的单元的误差校正复数反射系数中导出复数介电常数。 然后，每个频率下的复介电常数与介电传导率的分散（包括欧姆和非欧姆损耗的术语）有关，从而测量细胞膜的离子渗透屏障和转运功能以及细胞膜内外的离子分布 。 该方法测量包含蜂窝样本的电容终端的复数反射系数，因为应用高频。 根据电池的确切性质和使用的自动网络分析仪，可以在100 KHz至100 MHz的频率范围内开发有意义的数据。

公开(公告)号：US4148005A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-03

申请号：US842138

申请日：1977-10-14

申请人： Lawrence E. Larsen ,  John H. Jacobi

发明人： Lawrence E. Larsen ,  John H. Jacobi

IPC分类号： A61N5/00 ,  G01K7/22 ,  G01K13/00 ,  H01C7/00 ,  H01C17/08 ,  H01C7/04

CPC分类号： H01C17/08 ,  G01K13/00 ,  G01K7/22 ,  H01C7/00

摘要： A thermometric transducer device is provided for use in measuring the temperature of a dielectric, such as human tissue, during exposure of the dielectric to microwave radiation. The system includes a transducer electrode sub-assembly which is partially inserted into the dielectric and comprises a thermistor mounted on one end of an elongate substrate and thick film conductors which extend along the length of the substrate and which are tapered so as to provide electrothermal matching of the heat produced in an equivalent volume of the dielectric so that the transducer electrode serves neither as a heat source or a heat sink. The transducer sub-assembly is connected to measurement instrumentation by a transmission line formed by ultra-thin thin film conductors whose thickness relative to the skin depth of the microwave field in the conductors is such that the conductors are a poor medium for microwave conduction and are thus microwave decoupled.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种测温传感器装置，用于在将电介质暴露于微波辐射期间用于测量诸如人体组织之类的电介质的温度。 该系统包括部分地插入到电介质中的换能器电极子组件，并且包括安装在细长基板的一端上的热敏电阻和沿着基板的长度延伸并且是锥形的，以提供电热匹配的厚膜导体 在等离子体积的电介质中产生的热量，使得换能器电极不用作热源或散热器。 传感器子组件通过由超薄薄膜导体形成的传输线连接到测量仪器，其厚度相对于导体中微波场的趋肤深度使得导体是微波传导的不良介质，并且 从而微波去耦。

公开(公告)号：US4246534A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-20

申请号：US938570

申请日：1978-08-31

申请人： John H. Jacobi ,  Lawrence E. Larsen

发明人： John H. Jacobi ,  Lawrence E. Larsen

IPC分类号： G01R27/06 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G01R35/00 ,  G01R1/38

CPC分类号： G01R27/2635 ,  G01R27/06 ,  G01R35/005

摘要： A rapid and accurate method for calibrating an instrument for measuring the reflection coefficient and complex permittivity of unknown dielectric materials in a lumped capacitance method for an automatic network analyzer is described. The method includes the discovery that the capacitance of the instrument filled with air can be calculated by measuring only the reflection coefficients of the instrument filled with air and filled with a standard liquid of known permittivity, without the necessity of calculating the capacitance value from the dimensions of the instrument. The complex permittivity of the unknown can then be calculated by measuring the reflection coefficient of the instrument filled with the unknown dielectric. Complex permittivity measurements are useful in, for example, evaluating the time course of dielectric dispersions in biological samples.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于校准用于自动网络分析仪的集总电容方法中用于测量未知介电材料的反射系数和复介电常数的仪器的快速和精确的方法。 该方法包括发现，充满空气的仪器的电容可以通过仅测量填充有空气并充满已知介电常数的标准液体的仪器的反射系数来计算，而不需要从尺寸计算电容值 的仪器。 然后可以通过测量填充有未知电介质的仪器的反射系数来计算未知的复介电常数。 复介电常数测量可用于例如评估生物样品中电介质分散体的时间过程。

公开(公告)号：US4162500A

公开(公告)日：1979-07-24

申请号：US891256

申请日：1978-03-29

申请人： John H. Jacobi ,  Lawrence E. Larsen

发明人： John H. Jacobi ,  Lawrence E. Larsen

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/05 ,  G01N22/00 ,  G01R23/163 ,  G01R27/04 ,  G01R27/28 ,  H01Q13/06

CPC分类号： A61B5/0507 ,  A61B5/0002 ,  A61B5/05 ,  G01N22/00 ,  G01R23/163 ,  G01R27/04 ,  G01R27/28 ,  H01Q13/06

摘要： A system for remote microwave interrogation and imaging of biological tars comprises at least one microwave, double ridged waveguide antenna probe which operates at S-band frequencies, and a high dielectric liquid medium, preferably water, in which both the probe and the target are completely immersed. For imaging applications, the probe is positioned with respect to the target such that the target is in the near field of the antenna.

摘要翻译： 用于远程微波询问和生物目标成像的系统包括至少一个以S波段频率工作的微波，双脊波导天线探针和高介电液体介质，优选水，其中探针和目标完全相同 沉浸在 对于成像应用，探针相对于目标定位，使得目标在天线的近场中。

公开(公告)号：US4135131A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-16

申请号：US842137

申请日：1977-10-14

申请人： Lawrence E. Larsen ,  John H. Jacobi

发明人： Lawrence E. Larsen ,  John H. Jacobi

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/05 ,  G01N24/00 ,  G01R23/163 ,  G01R27/04 ,  G01R27/28

CPC分类号： A61B5/0507 ,  A61B5/0002 ,  A61B5/05 ,  G01N24/008 ,  G01R23/163 ,  G01R27/04 ,  G01R27/28

摘要： Remote interrogation of biological targets is accomplished in accordance h the present invention by method and apparatus wherein a microwave signal is generated which varies in frequency from a first frequency to a second frequency in a predetermined time period. The signal is divided into two signals, one of which is propagated through a test channel comprising a transmitting antenna for transmitting the signal through the target, and a receiving antenna for receiving the signal transmitted through the target, and the other of which is propagated through a reference channel providing a fixed time delay of propagation. The propagated signals are detected and mixed to produce a time delay spectrum wherein the frequency of each spectral line represents the instantaneous difference in the frequencies of the detected signals.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，通过方法和装置实现生物靶标的远程询问，其中在预定时间段内产生频率从第一频率变化到第二频率的微波信号。 信号被分成两个信号，其中一个信号通过包括用于通过目标发送信号的发射天线的测试信道传播，以及接收天线，用于接收通过目标传输的信号，另一个传播通过 提供传播的固定时间延迟的参考信道。 传播的信号被检测和混合以产生时间延迟谱，其中每个谱线的频率表示检测信号的频率的瞬时差。