公开(公告)号：US20140142873A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-22

申请号：US13679039

申请日：2012-11-16

申请人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Jianhong Kang

发明人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Jianhong Kang

IPC分类号： G06F19/00 ,  G01R31/40

CPC分类号： G06F19/00 ,  G01R31/1227 ,  G01R31/40 ,  H02H1/0015 ,  H02H3/445 ,  H02S50/10

摘要： Systems and methods of detecting arcing in DC power systems that can differentiate between DC arcs and load-switching noise. The systems and methods can determine, within a plurality of predetermined time intervals, at least the pulse count (PC) per predetermined time interval, and the pulse duration (PD) per predetermined time interval, in which the PC and the PD can correspond to the number and the intensity of potential arcing events in a DC power system, respectively. The systems and methods can process the PC and PD using one or more arc fault detection algorithms, thereby differentiating between DC arcs and load-switching noise with increased reliability.

摘要翻译： 在DC电力系统中检测电弧的系统和方法可以区分直流电弧和负载开关噪声。 系统和方法可以在多个预定时间间隔内至少确定每个预定时间间隔的脉冲计数（PC）和每个预定时间间隔的脉冲持续时间（PD），其中PC和PD可对应于 分别在直流电力系统中的电弧放电事件的数量和强度。 系统和方法可以使用一个或多个电弧故障检测算法对PC和PD进行处理，从而在可靠性提高的情况下区分直流电弧和负载切换噪声。

公开(公告)号：US5770802A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-23

申请号：US840744

申请日：1997-04-16

申请人： James P. Berthold ,  Keith W. Kawate

发明人： James P. Berthold ,  Keith W. Kawate

IPC分类号： G01L1/14 ,  G01L9/12 ,  G01P15/125

CPC分类号： G01L9/125

摘要： A capacitive transducer (10) which provides an output voltage in response to the application of a mechanical stimulus such as pressure or acceleration includes a signal conditioning integrated circuit (12) to which are connected a variable capacitor (C.sub.VAR), a reference capacitor (C.sub.REF), a linear correction capacitor (C.sub.LIN) as well as an integrating capacitor (C.sub.INT) and associated filtering components. The linear correction capacitor (C.sub.LIN) is used to offset a fixed parasitic charge associated with the variable capacitor. Any net error charge appearing on a detect, common node (pin 4) between the variable capacitor and the reference capacitor is cancelled out by means of an analog feedback network (22). In a modified embodiment a thermal compensation network (40) allows for correction for thermal error at a second temperature without having any affect at a first temperature.

公开(公告)号：US5471034A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-28

申请号：US32940

申请日：1993-03-17

申请人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Peter G. Berg

发明人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Peter G. Berg

IPC分类号： B60H1/22 ,  F24H3/04 ,  H05B3/14 ,  H05B1/02

CPC分类号： B60H1/2225 ,  F24H3/0429 ,  F24H9/1872 ,  H05B3/141

摘要： A heater for heating fluid is shown having a plurality of self-regulating electrical resistance heater elements 22 placed in electrically and thermally conductive relationship with heat transfer members 20, 120. The heat transfer members are each configured to form a plurality of fluid receiving channels so that when placed in a fluid stream heat generated by the heater elements will be dissipated to the fluid through the heat transfer members. Additionally, thermally conductive grease is used between the heater elements 22 and heat transfer member 20, 120 to better transfer the heat. The heater elements are arranged in groups with at least two heater elements in a group electrically connected in series and the groups electrically connected in parallel.

摘要翻译： 示出了用于加热流体的加热器，其具有多个自调节电阻加热器元件22，该多个自调节电阻加热器元件22与传热构件20,120具有导电和导热的关系。传热构件各自被构造成形成多个流体接收通道， 当放置在流体流中，由加热器元件产生的热量将通过传热构件消散到流体。 此外，在加热器元件22和传热构件20,120之间使用导热油脂以更好地传递热量。 加热器元件以组中的至少两个加热元件排列成串联电连接，并且所述组并联电连接。

公开(公告)号：US5051937A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-24

申请号：US621000

申请日：1990-12-03

申请人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Anthony J. Sabetti

发明人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Anthony J. Sabetti

IPC分类号： G01L9/00 ,  G01L9/12 ,  G01L27/00

CPC分类号： G01L9/12 ,  G01L27/005 ,  G01L9/0072

摘要： A universal sensor has a selectivity scaled condition responsive element such as a capacitive pressure transducer mounted on a common support with signal conditioning means embodied in an integrated circuit to provide a control signal precisely corresponding to a sensed condition. Electrically actuatable means on the support are incorporated in the circuit for low cost, mass producible calibration of the circuit and condition-responsive element relative to each other after assembly on the common support. Preferably, a capacitive pressure transducer and a reference capacitor are arranged in a charge-locked loop relation with a common node while an array of switches cycles the voltage across the transducer and reference capacitors with opposite transitions with a predetermined frequency so change in transducer capacitance results in a differential voltage at the common node. That voltage is amplified to drive a current source-sink-integrate network and adjust sensor output voltage to restore a balanced condition at the common node and maintain sensor output voltage at a level inversely proportional to transducer capacitance. The sensor is adapted for calibration to provide an electrical calibration signal for actuating calibration means such as electrically settable potentiometers, or serially programmed digital-to-analog converters or the like to provide bias and gain and non-linearity calibration in the sensor. In one embodiment, calibration is achieved by adjustment of variable capacitors.

摘要翻译： 通用传感器具有选择性缩放状态响应元件，例如安装在公共支架上的电容式压力传感器，其具有实施在集成电路中的信号调节装置，以提供精确对应于感测状态的控制信号。 支撑上的电致动装置被并入电路中，用于在共同支撑件上组装之后相对于彼此的电路和状态响应元件的低成本，大规模生产的校准。 优选地，电容式压力换能器和参考电容器以与公共节点的电荷锁定环关系布置，而开关阵列绕过换能器和具有预定频率的相反转换的参考电容器循环，因此换能器电容结果发生变化 在公共节点处的差分电压。 该电压被放大以驱动电流源集成网络并调整传感器输出电压以恢复公共节点处的平衡状态，并将传感器输出电压维持在与换能器电容成反比的水平。 该传感器适用于校准，以提供用于致动诸如电可设置电位计或串行编程的数模转换器等的校准装置的电校准信号，以在传感器中提供偏置和增益和非线性校准。 在一个实施例中，通过调整可变电容器来实现校准。

公开(公告)号：US4982351A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-01

申请号：US432024

申请日：1989-11-06

申请人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Anthony J. Sabetti

发明人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Anthony J. Sabetti

IPC分类号： G01L9/00 ,  G01L9/12 ,  G01L27/00

CPC分类号： G01L9/12 ,  G01L27/005 ,  G01L9/0072

摘要： A universal sensor has a selectively scaled condition responsive element such as a capacitive pressure transducer mounted on a common support with signal conditioning means embodied in an integrated circuit to provide a control signal precisely corresponding to a sensed condition. Electrically actuatable means on the support are incorporated in the circuit for low cost, mass producible calibration of the circuit and condition-responsive element relative to each other after assembly on the common support. Preferably, a capacitive pressure transducer, and a reference capacitor are arranged in a charge-locked loop relation with a common node while an array of switches cycles the voltage across the transducer and reference capacitors with opposite transitions with a predetermined frequency so change in transducer capacitance results in a differential voltage at the common node. That voltage is amplified to drive a current source-sink-integrate network and adjust sensor output voltage to to restore a balanced condition at the common node and maintain sensor output voltage at a level inversely proportional to transducer capacitance. The sensor is adapted for calibration to provide an electrical calibration signal for actuating calibration means such as electrically settable potentiometers, or serially programmed digital-to-analog converters or the like to provide bias and gain and non-linearity calibration in the sensor. In one embodiment, calibration is achieved by adjustment of variable capacitors.

摘要翻译： 通用传感器具有选择性缩放的状态响应元件，例如安装在公共支架上的电容式压力换能器，其具有实施在集成电路中的信号调节装置，以提供精确对应于感测状态的控制信号。 支撑上的电致动装置被并入电路中，用于在共同支撑件上组装之后相对于彼此的电路和状态响应元件的低成本，大规模生产的校准。 优选地，电容式压力传感器和参考电容器以与公共节点的充电锁定环路关系布置，而开关阵列绕过换能器的电压和具有预定频率的相反转换的参考电容器循环，因此换能器电容的变化 导致公共节点处的差分电压。 该电压被放大以驱动电流源 - 集成网络并且调节传感器输出电压以恢复公共节点处的平衡状态，并将传感器输出电压维持在与换能器电容成反比的水平。 该传感器适用于校准，以提供用于致动诸如电可设置电位器或串行编程的数模转换器等的校准装置的电校准信号，以在传感器中提供偏置和增益和非线性校准。 在一个实施例中，通过调整可变电容器来实现校准。

公开(公告)号：US4678982A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-07

申请号：US852484

申请日：1986-04-16

申请人： Stephen B. Offiler ,  Peter G. Berg ,  Keith W. Kawate

发明人： Stephen B. Offiler ,  Peter G. Berg ,  Keith W. Kawate

IPC分类号： B60L1/02 ,  H02J7/14

CPC分类号： B60L1/02 ,  H02J7/1438

摘要： A supplementary heating system particularly suitable for an automotive vehicle comprises a step down transformer coupled to the stator windings of the vehicle's alternator and a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of resistivity heater electrically connected intermediate the stator windings and the transformer in parallel with the transformer. Due to the presence of the transformer the voltage regulator causes the alternator to operate at a higher than customary voltage to provide the conventional 14.4 volts for the vehicle's normal electrical loads with the high voltage used to energize the heater. The heater can be in the form of a so-called "honeycomb" having a plurality of parallely extending passages or cells disposed in the air stream going from the main heater into the passenger compartment and can be either a multiphase, single phase or direct current type. In one embodiment the transformer is switched into and out of electrical coupling with the alternator dependent on the energization of the heater, while in another embodiment the transformer is always electrically coupled to the alternator with the heater switched into and out of the circuit as desired.

摘要翻译： 特别适合于机动车辆的辅助加热系统包括耦合到车辆交流发电机的定子绕组的降压变压器和与变压器并联的定子绕组和变压器之间电连接的电阻率加热器的正温度系数（PTC）。 由于变压器的存在，电压调节器使得交流发电机以高于常规电压运行，以为车辆的正常电负载提供常规的14.4伏特，其中用于为加热器通电的高电压。 加热器可以是所谓的“蜂窝体”的形式，其具有多个平行延伸的通道或细胞，其设置在从主加热器进入乘客舱的气流中，并且可以是多相，单相或直流 类型。 在一个实施例中，变压器取决于加热器的通电而切换到与交流发电机的电耦合，而在另一个实施例中，变压器总是电耦合到交流发电机，而加热器根据需要切换到电路中。

公开(公告)号：US20140142874A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-22

申请号：US13836345

申请日：2013-03-15

申请人： Lee Martin ,  Jianhong Kang ,  Christian V. Pellon ,  Keith W. Kawate

发明人： Lee Martin ,  Jianhong Kang ,  Christian V. Pellon ,  Keith W. Kawate

IPC分类号： G01R31/40

CPC分类号： H02H3/445 ,  G01R31/1227 ,  G01R31/40 ,  G06F19/00 ,  H02H1/0015 ,  H02S50/10

摘要： Systems and methods of detecting arcing in DC power systems that can differentiate between DC arcs and load-switching noise. The systems and methods can determine, within a plurality of predetermined time intervals, at least the pulse count (PC) per predetermined time interval, and the pulse duration (PD) per predetermined time interval, in which the PC and the PD can correspond to the number and the intensity of potential arcing events in a DC power system, respectively. The systems and methods can process the PC and PD using one or more arc fault detection algorithms, thereby differentiating between DC arcs and load-switching noise with increased reliability.

摘要翻译： 在DC电力系统中检测电弧的系统和方法可以区分直流电弧和负载开关噪声。 系统和方法可以在多个预定时间间隔内至少确定每个预定时间间隔的脉冲计数（PC）和每个预定时间间隔的脉冲持续时间（PD），其中PC和PD可对应于 分别在直流电力系统中的电弧放电事件的数量和强度。 系统和方法可以使用一个或多个电弧故障检测算法对PC和PD进行处理，从而在可靠性提高的情况下区分直流电弧和负载切换噪声。

公开(公告)号：US07898781B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-01

申请号：US12184297

申请日：2008-08-01

申请人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Lynwald Edmunds ,  Roger D. Mayer

发明人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Lynwald Edmunds ,  Roger D. Mayer

IPC分类号： H02H3/05 ,  H02H3/08 ,  H02H3/38

CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 ,  H02H3/006

摘要： An arc fault detection apparatus that provides for better discrimination of electrical arcing events from nuisance loads. The arc fault detection apparatus includes an arcing sense circuit having a comparator circuit with a variable threshold voltage that varies continuously with the line voltage. The arc fault detection apparatus has reduced susceptibility to nuisance tripping in the presence of sudden changes in the load current that occur outside of a specified time window centered on each zero crossing point of the line voltage.

摘要翻译： 一种电弧故障检测装置，其能够更好地区分来自妨扰负载的电弧事件。 电弧故障检测装置包括具有可变阈值电压的比较器电路的电弧感测电路，其随线电压连续变化。 在存在以线路电压的每个过零点为中心的规定时间窗外的负载电流的突然变化的情况下，电弧故障检测装置降低了对妨碍跳闸的敏感性。

公开(公告)号：US06980407B2

公开(公告)日：2005-12-27

申请号：US10314715

申请日：2002-12-09

申请人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Christian V. Pellon

发明人： Keith W. Kawate ,  Christian V. Pellon

IPC分类号： H02H3/22 ,  H01H83/02 ,  H01H83/04 ,  H01H83/20 ,  H02H1/00 ,  H02H1/04 ,  H02H3/50 ,  H02H3/00

CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 ,  H02H1/04

摘要： Current flowing through a load is monitored by a transformer (Tr1) having a small mutual inductance. The secondary coil is shorted through a rectifier circuit to deliver a charge which, in a first preferred embodiment, is connected to a log charge translator circuit comprising matching diodes (D9, D7 and D10, D8) and a capacitor (C2) to provide a capacitor voltage proportional to the log of the charge delivered through the rectifier circuit. The capacitor is reset after each measurement. In a modified embodiment, the log translator circuit comprises a pair of transistors (T1, T2) and a capacitor (C2). According to the preferred embodiments, two measurements of the capacitor voltage are taken each half cycle at a time determined by the absolute value of the line voltage. The measurements per half cycle are stored in words in a stack and processed through a three or five cycle algorithm for determining fluctuations which will cancel out disturbances caused by nuisance loads that are repetitive or continuously varying. In a described embodiment, a pushdown stack of 60 words is used with fluctuations compared by a microcontroller to a selected limit. Measurements for the last half second of measurements are considered, ignoring the first and last measurement, and when the sum of the fluctuations exceeds the selected limit an arc is indicated and a circuit interrupter is tripped. A self test button is connected to the microcontroller which, when depressed, results in charging of the capacitor to stimulate the detection of an arc.

摘要翻译： 流过负载的电流由具有小互感的变压器（Tr 1）监测。 次级线圈通过整流电路短路以传送电荷，其在第一优选实施例中连接到包括匹配二极管（D 9，D 7和D 10，D 8）和电容器（C）的对数电荷转换器电路 2）提供与通过整流电路传送的电荷的对数成比例的电容器电压。 每次测量后电容器复位。 在修改实施例中，对数转换器电路包括一对晶体管（T 1，T 2）和电容器（C 2）。 根据优选实施例，在由电压绝对值确定的时间内每半个周期进行电容器电压的两次测量。 每半周期的测量结果以堆叠中的字存储，并通过三或五周期算法进行处理，用于确定将消除由重复或连续变化的扰动负载引起的干扰的波动。 在所描述的实施例中，使用60个字的下推叠，其中微控制器的波动与所选极限相比较。 考虑最后一半测量的测量，忽略第一次和最后一次测量，并且当波动的总和超过所选择的极限时，指示电弧并且电路断路器跳闸。 自检按钮连接到微控制器，当被按压时，微控制器导致电容器的充电以刺激电弧的检测。

公开(公告)号：US06765391B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10277797

申请日：2002-10-22

申请人： David L. Corkum ,  Keith W. Kawate ,  Thomas R. Maher

发明人： David L. Corkum ,  Keith W. Kawate ,  Thomas R. Maher

IPC分类号： G01R2702

CPC分类号： G01R17/10

摘要： An ASIC (14, 14′, 14″) conditions two independent outputs (VINM, VINP) of a full Wheatstone piezoresistive bridge (12) in separate conditioning paths. Each path is provided with a bridge supply voltage (VHB1, VHB2) which can serve as a temperature related input signal to respective offset and gain compensation control circuits. The half bridge outputs are inputted to respective amplifiers (U1, U2) along with a selected percentage of the temperature dependent bridge supply voltage. The outputs of the amplifiers provide a signal proportional to respective half bridge output voltage. In one embodiment, the output of the amplifier (U2) in one conditioning path of one half bridge is connected to the input of an amplifier (U4) in the other conditioning path to provide a signal in the one path proportional to the Wheatstone bridge differential output voltage and in the other path a signal proportional to the Wheatstone half bridge output voltage. In another embodiment, the temperature dependent bridge supply voltage is multiplexed for a selected time upon power-up to an amplifier (U5) which normally receives an input from one of the bridge outputs.

摘要翻译： 在独立的调节路径中，ASIC（14,14'，14“）在完整的惠斯登压阻电桥（12）处理两个独立的输出（VINM，VINP）。 每个路径都有一个桥接电源电压（VHB1，VHB2），它可以作为相关偏移和增益补偿控制电路的温度相关输入信号。 半桥输出与温度依赖电桥电源电压的选定百分比一起输入到相应的放大器（U1，U2）。 放大器的输出提供与各个半桥输出电压成比例的信号。 在一个实施例中，在一个半桥的一个调节路径中的放大器（U2）的输出连接到另一个调节路径中的放大器（U4）的输入，以在与惠斯通电桥差分成比例的一个路径中提供信号 输出电压和另一路径上的信号成比例的惠斯通半桥输出电压。 在另一个实施例中，在上电至通常从桥接输出之一接收输入的放大器（U5）时，依赖于温度的电桥电压被复用一段选定的时间。