摘要:
A monitoring device for monitoring an impedance of a protective conductor. The monitoring device has a first voltage divider for connection to a voltage source including a series connection to a first resistor and a second resistor. The second resistor has a resistance value which corresponds to a threshold value for the impedance of the protective conductor. A second voltage divider includes a series connection to a third resistor and a bridge diode and a connection to the first resistor at a first end of the third resistor and connectable to a second end of the third resistor and to the protective conductor. A measuring device is provided for the detection of a bridge voltage between a first node and a second node if the impedance of the protective conductor is greater than the value of the second resistor.
摘要:
A magnetic field sensor comprises a sensor bridge having multiple sensor legs. Each sensor leg includes magnetoresistive sense elements, each comprising a pinned layer having a reference magnetization parallel to a plane of the sensor and a sense layer having a sense magnetization. A permanent magnet layer spaced apart from the sense elements magnetically biases the sense magnetization into an out-of-plane direction that is non-perpendicular to the plane of the sensor. The sense magnetization of a portion of the sense elements is oriented in a first direction and the sense magnetization of a different portion of the sense elements is oriented in a second direction differing from the first direction to generate two unique bias field vectors of the sense layers which enables detection of the external magnetic field in a sensing direction that is perpendicular to the plane of the magnetic field sensor without inter-axis coupling of sensor response.
摘要:
In one embodiment, a TMR field sensor utilizes existing one or more self-test current lines in a configuration to extend magnetic field measurement range without sacrificing measurement sensitivity. The self-test current lines are energized to facilitate magnetic field measurement when the measured magnetic field reaches a threshold. The magnetic field created by self-test coil opposes an external magnetic field being measured to keep the net magnetic field within a desired range where the magnetic field sensor has linear output and desired sensitivity.
摘要:
This patent discloses a current sensor comprising a sensor bridge (14), which consists of several magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) elements (R11, R12, R21, R22), a MTJ temperature compensation resistor (16), and a current lead (20), which are integrated onto the same chip. The current lead (20) is positioned close to the sensor bridge (14), and it is used to carry the test current (19). A permanent magnet (17) is arranged at the periphery of the MTJ temperature compensation resistor (16). The permanent magnet (17) rigidly aligns the magnetization direction (7) of the free layer of the MTJ temperature compensation resistor (16) anti-parallel to the magnetization direction (8) of a pinning layer; so that the MTJ temperature compensation resistor (16) remains in a high resistance state providing a resistance value that changes as a function of temperature. The sensor bridge (14) is connected in series with the MTJ temperature compensation resistor (16) in order to temperature compensate the sensor bridge (14). A magnetic field (21) generated by the test current (19) produces an output voltage at the output of the temperature compensated sensor bridge that is proportional to the test current value. As a result of this temperature compensated structure, the current sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide linear range, low power consumption, and excellent temperature stability.
摘要:
A method for determining a value of a parameter of an object or an environment includes positioning a device having a balanced circuit in or on an object or within a particular environment, wherein the balanced circuit comprises elements which are operationally sensitive to changes in a parameter of the object or the environment. The method further includes measuring a common mode signal of the balanced circuit and determining, from the common mode signal, a value of the parameter. An exemplary implementation of the method includes determining temperature using a resistive sensor having a Wheatstone bridge circuit with two variable resistors and two fixed resistors. Embodiments of systems and devices configured to employ such methods are provided, particularly medical probes, electronic signal monitoring devices, and systems employing such devices.
摘要:
A circuit includes an input stage, a comparison stage, and a calibration stage. The input stage is configured to receive a first input signal, to generate a first reference signal, and to generate a second reference signal. The comparison stage is configured to generate a first comparison output signal in response to the first reference signal and a third reference signal and to generate a second comparison output signal in response to the second reference signal and a fourth reference signal. The calibration stage is configured to generate a detection signal responsive to the presence of the first comparison output signal and the second comparison output signal having a signal frequency within a predetermined frequency band.
摘要:
An apparatus for optimizing a Wheatstone bridge robust in a temperature change, the apparatus including; a voltage difference measuring unit which measures a voltage difference between a current input end and a current output end of the Wheatstone bridge, wherein the Wheatstone bridge comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor and a tuning resistor; and a resistance tuning controller which detects a resistance ratio of a first distribution resistance and a second distribution resistance of the tuning resistor so that the voltage difference measuring unit measures a maximum voltage difference, and controls tuning of the tuning resistor according to the detected resistance ratio.
摘要:
A thermal probe system has a Wollaston thermal sensor connected in one arm of a bridge. The other arms of the bridge are provided by resistors and a voltage is applied from a low-noise source via several op-amps. The output of the bridge is connected with a primary winding of a step-up transformer, the output of which connects with the input of an output amplifier, which, in turn, provides an output to a display.
摘要:
A current sensor that can reduce a measurement error due to isotropic elongation or strain owing to temperature and the like. A first half bridge circuit is placed in a first region divided by a center line of a mounting substrate, and a second half bridge circuit is placed in a second region, and the half bridge circuits are equally formed and placed point symmetrically about the central point of the mounting substrate. Even if elongation or strain occurs isotropically in the mounting substrate of magnetoresistive elements owing to temperature, the half bridge circuits undergo the influence of the elongation or strain equally as the bridge circuit. Thus, it can cancel the effect and reduce the measurement error due to the isotropic elongation or strain owing to temperature.
摘要:
An ASIC (14, 14′, 14″) conditions two independent outputs (VINM, VINP) of a full Wheatstone piezoresistive bridge (12) in separate conditioning paths. Each path is provided with a bridge supply voltage (VHB1, VHB2) which can serve as a temperature related input signal to respective offset and gain compensation control circuits. The half bridge outputs are inputted to respective amplifiers (U1, U2) along with a selected percentage of the temperature dependent bridge supply voltage. The outputs of the amplifiers provide a signal proportional to respective half bridge output voltage. In one embodiment, the output of the amplifier (U2) in one conditioning path of one half bridge is connected to the input of an amplifier (U4) in the other conditioning path to provide a signal in the one path proportional to the Wheatstone bridge differential output voltage and in the other path a signal proportional to the Wheatstone half bridge output voltage. In another embodiment, the temperature dependent bridge supply voltage is multiplexed for a selected time upon power-up to an amplifier (U5) which normally receives an input from one of the bridge outputs.