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公开(公告)号：US20050092129A1
公开(公告)日：2005-05-05
申请号：US10939001
申请日：2004-09-10
申请人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn , Sergey Bliznyukov
发明人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn , Sergey Bliznyukov
CPC分类号： C25C7/005 , C22B34/129
摘要： An electrolytic cell for reducing a metal oxide, such as titania, in a solid state is disclosed. The electrolytic cell includes an anode formed from carbon and a cathode formed at least in part from the metal oxide. The electrolytic cell also includes a membrane that is permeable to oxygen anions and is impermeable to carbon in ionic and non-ionic forms positioned between the cathode and the anode to thereby prevent migration of carbon to the cathode.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于还原金属氧化物如二氧化钛的固体电解池。 所述电解槽包括由至少部分由所述金属氧化物形成的碳和阴极形成的阳极。 该电解池还包括一氧化硅阴离子渗透的膜，并且位于阴极和阳极之间的离子和非离子形式的碳是不渗透的，从而防止碳向阴极迁移。
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公开(公告)号：US07628904B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-08
申请号：US10531650
申请日：2003-10-15
摘要： An electrochemical cell for electrochemical reduction of a metal oxide in a solid state is disclosed. The cell includes a molten electrolyte (14), an anode (10) formed from carbon in contact with the electrolyte, a cathode (20) formed at least in part from the metal oxide in contact with the electrolyte, and a membrane (28) that is permeable to oxygen anions and is impermeable to carbon in ionic and non-ionic forms positioned between the cathode and the anode to thereby prevent migration of carbon from the anode to the cathode. The membrane includes a body (32) and a lining (34) on the surface of the body on the cathode side of the membrane. The lining is formed from a material that is inert with respect to dissolved metal in the electrolyte and is impermeable to the dissolved metal. An electrochemical method based on the cell is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于电化学还原固态金属氧化物的电化学电池。 电池包括熔融电解质（14），由与电解质接触的碳形成的阳极（10），至少部分地从与电解质接触的金属氧化物形成的阴极（20）和膜（28） 其对氧阴离子是可渗透的，并且对位于阴极和阳极之间的离子和非离子形式的碳是不可渗透的，从而防止碳从阳极迁移到阴极。 膜在膜的阴极侧的主体表面上包括主体（32）和衬里（34）。 衬里由对电解质中溶解的金属是惰性的材料形成，并且对于溶解的金属是不可渗透的。 还公开了一种基于电池的电化学方法。
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公开(公告)号：US07156974B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-02
申请号：US10486723
申请日：2002-08-16
申请人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn , Kannappar Mukunthan
发明人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn , Kannappar Mukunthan
IPC分类号： C25C3/28
CPC分类号： C25C5/04 , C22B34/129 , C25C3/28
摘要： A method of manufacturing titanium or titanium alloy semi-finished or ready-to-use products is disclosed. The method includes forming shaped bodies of titanium oxide particles and positioning the shaped bodies is an electrolytic cell which includes: an anode, a cathode, and a molten electrolyte. The shaped bodies are positioned to form at least a part of the cathode. The electrolyte includes cations of a metal that is capable of chemically reducing titanium oxide. The method further includes reducing the titanium oxide to titanium in a solid state in the electrolytic cell so that the shaped bodies become shaped bodies of titanium sponge. Finally, the method includes processing the shaped bodies of titanium sponge to reduce the volume or at least one of the dimensions of the bodies thereby to form the semi-finished or ready-to-use products.
摘要翻译： 公开了制造钛或钛合金半成品或即用型产品的方法。 该方法包括形成氧化钛颗粒的成形体并且定位成形体是包括阳极，阴极和熔融电解质的电解池。 成形体被定位成形成阴极的至少一部分。 电解质包括能够化学还原氧化钛的金属的阳离子。 该方法还包括在电解槽中将钛氧化物还原成固态的钛，使成形体成为海绵钛成形体。 最后，该方法包括处理钛海绵体的成形体以减小体积或至少其中一个尺寸，从而形成半成品或即用型产品。
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公开(公告)号：US20060180462A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-17
申请号：US10531650
申请日：2003-10-15
申请人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn , Sergey Bliznyukov
发明人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn , Sergey Bliznyukov
IPC分类号： C25C3/00
摘要： An electrochemical cell for electrochemical reduction of a metal oxide in a solid state is disclosed. The cell includes a molten electrolyte (14), an anode (10) formed from carbon in contact with the electrolyte, a cathode (20) formed at least in part from the metal oxide in contact with the electrolyte, and a membrane (28) that is permeable to oxygen anions and is impermeable to carbon in ionic and non-ionic forms positioned between the cathode and the anode to thereby prevent migration of carbon from the anode to the cathode. The membrane includes a body (32) and a lining (34) on the surface of the body on the cathode side of the membrane. The lining is formed from a material that is inert with respect to dissolved metal in the electrolyte and is impermeable to the dissolved metal. An electrochemical method based on the cell is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于电化学还原固态金属氧化物的电化学电池。 电池包括熔融电解质（14），由与电解质接触的碳形成的阳极（10），至少部分地从与电解质接触的金属氧化物形成的阴极（20）和膜（28） 其对氧阴离子是可渗透的，并且对位于阴极和阳极之间的离子和非离子形式的碳是不可渗透的，从而防止碳从阳极迁移到阴极。 膜在膜的阴极侧的主体表面上包括主体（32）和衬里（34）。 衬里由对电解质中溶解的金属是惰性的材料形成，并且对于溶解的金属是不可渗透的。 还公开了一种基于电池的电化学方法。
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公开(公告)号：US07470355B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-30
申请号：US10490452
申请日：2003-12-12
申请人： Steve Osborn , Ivan Ratchev , Les Strezov , Greg Rigby
发明人： Steve Osborn , Ivan Ratchev , Les Strezov , Greg Rigby
IPC分类号： C25C3/26
CPC分类号： C25C7/007 , C22B34/129 , C25C5/04 , C25C7/005
摘要： A process for electrochemically reducing a metal oxide, such as titania, in a solid state in an electrochemical cell that includes a bath of molten electrolyte, a cathode, and an anode, which process includes the steps of: a) applying a cell potential across the anode and the cathode that is capable of electrochemically reducing the metal oxide supplied to the molten electrolyte bath, b) continuously or semi-continuously feeding the metal oxide in powder and/or pellet form into the molten electrolyte bath, c) transporting the powders and/or pellets along a path within the molten electrolyte bath and reducing the metal oxide as the metal oxide powders and/or pellets move along the path, and d) continuously or semi-continuously removing metal from the molten electrolyte bath. Also disclosed and claims is an electrochemical cell for carrying out this process.
摘要翻译： 一种用于电化学还原金属氧化物（例如二氧化钛）的方法，其在包括熔融电解质浴，阴极和阳极的电化学电池中的固体状态下，该方法包括以下步骤：a）跨越电池电位 阳极和阴极，其能够电化学还原提供给熔融电解质浴的金属氧化物，b）将粉末和/或颗粒形式的金属氧化物连续或半连续地供入到熔融电解质浴中，c）将粉末 和/或颗粒，并且随着金属氧化物粉末和/或颗粒沿着路径移动，还原金属氧化物，以及d）从熔融电解液浴中连续或半连续地除去金属。 还公开并且权利要求书是用于执行该方法的电化学电池。
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公开(公告)号：US20060037867A1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-23
申请号：US11258864
申请日：2005-10-27
申请人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn , Kannappar Mukunthan
发明人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn , Kannappar Mukunthan
CPC分类号： C25C5/04 , C22B34/129 , C25C3/28
摘要： A method of manufacturing titanium or titanium alloy semi-finished or ready-to-use products is disclosed. The method includes forming shaped bodies of titanium oxide particles and positioning the shaped bodies in an electrolytic cell which includes: an anode, a cathode, and a molten electrolyte. The shaped bodies are positioned to form at least a part of the cathode. The electrolyte includes cations of a metal that is capable of chemically reducing titanium oxide. The method further includes reducing the titanium oxide to titanium in a solid state in the electrolytic cell so that the shaped bodies become shaped bodies of titanium sponge. Finally, the method includes processing the shaped bodies of titanium sponge to reduce the volume or at least one of the dimensions of the bodies thereby to form the semi-finished or ready-to-use products.
摘要翻译： 公开了制造钛或钛合金半成品或即用型产品的方法。 该方法包括形成氧化钛颗粒的成形体并将成形体定位在包括阳极，阴极和熔融电解质的电解池中。 成形体被定位成形成阴极的至少一部分。 电解质包括能够化学还原氧化钛的金属的阳离子。 该方法还包括在电解槽中将钛氧化物还原成固态的钛，使成形体成为海绵钛成形体。 最后，该方法包括处理钛海绵体的成形体以减小体积或至少其中一个尺寸，从而形成半成品或即用型产品。
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公开(公告)号：US20060191799A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-31
申请号：US10530835
申请日：2003-10-09
申请人： Les Strezov
发明人： Les Strezov
CPC分类号： C25C7/025 , C22B34/129 , C25C3/00 , C25C3/26 , C25C7/04
摘要： An electrochemical cell for electrochemical reduction of a metal oxide, such as titania, in a solid state, is disclosed. The cell includes (a) a molten electrolyte (18), (b) a cathode (20) formed at least in part from the metal oxide in contact with the electrolyte, (c) an anode (14), and (d) a membrane (16) that separates the electrolyte and the anode. The membrane is permeable to oxygen cations and is impermeable to dissolved metal in the electrolyte. Optionally, the membrane is impermeable to any one or more of (i) electrolyte anions other that oxygen anions, (ii) anode metal cations, and (iii) any other ions and atoms. An electrochemical method based on the above cell is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于电化学还原金属氧化物如二氧化钛的电化学电池，其为固态。 电池包括（a）熔融电解质（18），（b）至少部分地从与电解质接触的金属氧化物形成的阴极（20），（c）阳极（14）和（d） 分离电解质和阳极的膜（16）。 膜对氧离子是可渗透的，并且对电解质中溶解的金属是不可渗透的。 任选地，所述膜对于除了氧阴离子，（ii）阳极金属阳离子和（iii）任何其它离子和原子之外的（i）电解质阴离子中的任何一种或多种是不可渗透的。 还公开了一种基于上述电池的电化学方法。
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公开(公告)号：US20110120881A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-26
申请号：US12961068
申请日：2010-12-06
申请人： LES STREZOV , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn
发明人： LES STREZOV , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn
IPC分类号： C25C1/00
CPC分类号： C22B5/00 , C22B34/129
摘要： A method of reducing a titanium oxide in a solid state in an electrolytic cell which includes an anode, a cathode formed at least in part from the titanium oxide, and a molten electrolyte which includes cations of a metal that is capable of chemically reducing the cathode titanium oxide, which method includes operating the cell at a potential that is above a potential at which cations of the metal that is capable of chemically reducing the cathode titanium oxide deposit as the metal on the cathode, whereby the metal chemically reduces the cathode titanium oxide, and which method is characterised by refreshing the electrolyte and/or changing the cell potential in later stages of the operation of the cell as required having regard to the reactions occurring in the cell and the concentration of oxygen in the titanium oxide in the cell in order to produce high purity titanium.
摘要翻译： 一种在电解槽中还原固体状态的氧化钛的方法，该方法包括阳极，至少部分由氧化钛形成的阴极，以及包含能够化学还原阴极的金属阳离子的熔融电解质 氧化钛，该方法包括以高于能够化学还原阴极氧化钛的金属的阳离子作为阴极上的金属沉积的电位的电位操作电池，由此金属化学还原阴极氧化钛 并且该方法的特征在于，考虑到细胞中发生的反应和细胞中的氧化钛中的氧浓度，根据需要刷新电解质的后期阶段和/或改变细胞电位 以生产高纯钛。
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公开(公告)号：US07918985B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-05
申请号：US10482055
申请日：2002-06-28
申请人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn
发明人： Les Strezov , Ivan Ratchev , Steve Osborn
IPC分类号： C25C3/28
CPC分类号： C22B5/00 , C22B34/129
摘要： A method of reducing a titanium oxide in a solid state in an electrolytic cell which includes an anode, a cathode formed at least in part from the titanium oxide, and a molten electrolyte which includes cations of a metal that is capable of chemically reducing the cathode titanium oxide, which method includes operating the cell at a potential that is above a potential at which cations of the metal that is capable of chemically reducing the cathode titanium oxide deposit as the metal on the cathode, whereby the metal chemically reduces the cathode titanium oxide, and which method is characterized by refreshing the electrolyte and/or changing the cell potential in later stages of the operation of the cell as required having regard to the reactions occurring in the cell and the concentration of oxygen in the titanium oxide in the cell in order to produce high purity titanium.
摘要翻译： 一种在电解槽中还原固体状态的氧化钛的方法，该方法包括阳极，至少部分由氧化钛形成的阴极，以及包含能够化学还原阴极的金属阳离子的熔融电解质 氧化钛，该方法包括以高于能够化学还原阴极氧化钛的金属的阳离子作为阴极上的金属沉积的电位的电位操作电池，由此金属化学还原阴极氧化钛 并且该方法的特征在于，考虑到细胞中发生的反应和细胞中的氧化钛中的氧浓度，根据需要刷新电解质的后期阶段和/或改变细胞电位 以生产高纯钛。
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公开(公告)号：US20050050989A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-10
申请号：US10490452
申请日：2003-12-12
申请人： Steve Osborn , Ivan Ratchev , Les Strezov , Greg Rigby
发明人： Steve Osborn , Ivan Ratchev , Les Strezov , Greg Rigby
CPC分类号： C25C7/007 , C22B34/129 , C25C5/04 , C25C7/005
摘要： A process for electrochemically reducing a metal oxide, such as titania, in a solid state in an electrochemical cell that includes a bath of molten electrolyte, a cathode, and an anode, which process includes the steps of: a) applying a cell potential across the anode and the cathode that is capable of electrochemically reducing the metal oxide supplied to the molten electrolyte bath, b) continuously or semi-continuously feeding the metal oxide in powder and/or pellet form into the molten electrolyte bath, c) transporting the powders and/or pellets along a path within the molten electrolyte bath and reducing the metal oxide as the metal oxide powders and/or pellets move along the path, and d) continuously or semi-continuously removing metal from the molten electrolyte bath. Also disclosed and claims is an electrochemical cell for carrying out this process.
摘要翻译： 一种用于电化学还原金属氧化物（例如二氧化钛）的方法，其在包括熔融电解质浴，阴极和阳极的电化学电池中处于固态，该方法包括以下步骤：a）将电池电位跨越 阳极和阴极，其能够电化学还原提供给熔融电解质浴的金属氧化物，b）将粉末和/或颗粒形式的金属氧化物连续或半连续地供入到熔融电解质浴中，c）将粉末 和/或颗粒，并且随着金属氧化物粉末和/或颗粒沿着路径移动，还原金属氧化物，以及d）从熔融电解液浴中连续或半连续地除去金属。 还公开并且权利要求书是用于执行该方法的电化学电池。
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