公开(公告)号：US4848335A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-18

申请号：US156540

申请日：1988-02-16

Applicant: Michael R. Manes

Inventor： Michael R. Manes

IPC: A61B18/16

CPC classification number: A61B18/16 ,  Y10S128/908

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring the resistance of the return part of the patient circuit of either a dual foil or single foil return electrode according to a user's selection is disclosed. The apparatus measures the quality of the contact between the return electrode and the patient. A DC or AC converter provides a substantially DC voltage at its input that varies in relation to the resistance of the return part of the patient circuit at its AC output. Preferably, a constant current fed sinusoidal oscillator with a low pass filter at its DC output provides a substantially DC voltage related to the resistance at its AC input. An analog to digital converter converts the substantially DC voltage to a corresponding binary digital signal that is input to a programmed microprocessor. A manually operable set point switch coupled to the microprocessor is acatuated by the user which actuation establishes a resistance level with the pad (return electrode) in place on the patient. The microprocessor establishes preselected range between fixed maximum and minimum resistance values beyond which an alarm output is produced and establishes a threshold resistance value whereby upon a preselected fixed deviation, such as when the patient pad is partially detached, an alarm is produced and further an output so the RF power source will longer apply power to the active electrode.

公开(公告)号：US5868742A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-09

申请号：US544735

申请日：1995-10-18

Applicant: Michael R. Manes ,  John Gentelia

Inventor： Michael R. Manes ,  John Gentelia

IPC: A61B18/16 ,  A61B17/36

CPC classification number: A61B18/16

Abstract: Non-insulated surgical instruments are referenced to the electrical potential of a patient during minimally invasive electrosurgery to prevent unintentional patient burns, should the surgical instruments become accidentally energized during the electrosurgical procedure. An auxiliary safety electrode separate from the primary return electrode is attached to the patient at a location separate from the attachment point of the primary return electrode. Each non-insulated surgical instrument is preferably attached to the auxiliary electrode by a separate electrical conductor. The electrical conductor transfers to the auxiliary electrode any electrical energy which is accidentally applied to the instrument during the course of the electrosurgical procedure. The size of the auxiliary electrode is sufficient to safely disperse the electrical charge without burning the patient. When used with conductive cannulas, the electrical conductor is attached between the metal cannula and the auxiliary electrode to dissipate any electrical energy unintentionally transferred to the metal cannula. The auxiliary electrode does not interfere with the operation of a split return electrode or any contact quality monitoring system which monitors the integrity of the contact between the primary return electrode and the patient.

Abstract translation: 非绝缘手术器械参考了微创电外科手术期间患者的电位，以防止手术器械在电外科手术过程中意外通电时无意的患者灼伤。 与主要返回电极分离的辅助安全电极在与主要返回电极的附接点分开的位置附接到患者。 每个非绝缘手术器械优选地通过单独的电导体附接到辅助电极。 电导体在电外科手术过程中将辅助电极转移到意外施加到仪器上的任何电能。 辅助电极的尺寸足以在不燃烧病人的情况下安全地分散电荷。 当与导电插管一起使用时，电导体连接在金属插管和辅助电极之间以消散无意转移到金属插管的任何电能。 辅助电极不干扰分离回流电极或任何接触质量监测系统的操作，该系统监视主回路电极和患者之间的接触的完整性。

公开(公告)号：US4574801A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-11

申请号：US584954

申请日：1984-02-29

Applicant: Michael R. Manes

Inventor： Michael R. Manes

IPC: A61B18/12 ,  A61B17/39

CPC classification number: A61B18/1206 ,  A61B18/12 ,  A61B2018/0066

Abstract: An electrosurgical unit having feedforward power regulation. In one embodiment there is an amplifier which produces a pulse modulated electrosurgical output signal. A microprocessor calculates an adjusted pulse width (duty cycle) just sufficient to account for the power changes due to voltage fluctuations. The microprocessor controls the pulse width of the gate voltage of a power transistor in the amplifier to regulate the amplifier output. In another embodiment the supply voltage is fed into the base drive circuitry of an amplifier power transistor through the photo-resistor side of an optoisolator. The lamp brightness of the optoisolator and thus the gain of the base drive circuitry is adjusted by the amplifier power level control. The nonlinearity of the optoisolator complements the nonlinearity of the amplifier so that the net gain in the amplifier drive at any power setting is just sufficient to account for the voltage fluctuation.

Abstract translation: 具有前馈功率调节的电外科单元。 在一个实施例中，存在产生脉冲调制的电外科输出信号的放大器。 微处理器计算出调整后的脉冲宽度（占空比），足以说明由于电压波动引起的功率变化。 微处理器控制放大器功率晶体管的栅极电压的脉冲宽度，以调节放大器输出。 在另一个实施例中，电源电压通过光隔离器的光电阻器侧馈入放大器功率晶体管的基极驱动电路。 通过放大器功率电平控制来调节光隔离器的灯亮度和因此基极驱动电路的增益。 光隔离器的非线性补充了放大器的非线性，使得放大器驱动器在任何功率设置下的净增益仅仅足以解决电压波动。

公开(公告)号：US4569345A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-11

申请号：US584956

申请日：1984-02-29

Applicant: Michael R. Manes

Inventor： Michael R. Manes

IPC: A61B18/12 ,  A61B17/39

CPC classification number: A61B18/1206 ,  A61B18/12 ,  A61B2018/0066 ,  A61B2018/00892

Abstract: An electrosurgical unit including voltage control circuitry which operates to limit the voltage at the electrosurgical electrodes when the unit is not in coagulation mode. The electrosurgical unit includes sensing circuitry for providing a signal representative of the voltage at the electrosurgical electrodes, a mode setting switch or dial for changing between a cut mode setting and a coagulation mode setting, a circuit for producing a mode signal, and an RF power generator responsive to the mode setting switch for providing a cut mode waveform at the electrode outputs when the mode setting switch is in cut mode and a coagulation mode waveform when the mode setting switch is in the coagulation mode setting. A voltage limiting circuit is responsive to the signal from the sensing circuitry and limits the voltage at the outputs when the electrosurgical unit in cut mode. Suppression circuitry responsive to the mode signal prevents the voltage limiting circuitry from operating in coagulation mode. The power generator includes a transformer having primary and secondary windings that are wound concentrically about the same axis and are spaced from each other along the same axis. The transformer has a high ratio of secondary to primary turns.

Abstract translation: 一种电外科单元，包括电压控制电路，其在单元不​​处于凝血模式时操作以限制电外科电极处的电压。 电外科单元包括用于提供表示电外科电极处的电压的信号的感测电路，用于在切割模式设置和凝固模式设置之间切换的模式设置开关或拨盘，用于产生模式信号的电路和RF功率 发生器响应于模式设置开关，当模式设置开关处于切断模式时，在电极输出处提供切割模式波形，当模式设置开关处于凝固模式设置时，产生凝固模式波形。 电压限制电路响应于来自感测电路的信号，并且当电外科单元处于切割模式时限制输出端的电压。 响应于模式信号的抑制电路防止电压限制电路在凝结模式下操作。 发电机包括具有主绕组和次级绕组的变压器，该绕组绕同轴并绕相同的轴线彼此间隔开并沿同一轴线间隔开。 变压器具有较高的次级与次级匝数比。

公开(公告)号：US4548198A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-22

申请号：US485546

申请日：1983-04-15

Applicant: Michael R. Manes

Inventor： Michael R. Manes

IPC: A61B17/135 ,  A61B17/12

CPC classification number: A61B17/1355 ,  A61H2201/5074

Abstract: A pneumatic tourniquet which automatically adjusts the pressure in the tourniquet cuff and in which the pressure adjustment is variable and depends on the sign and magnitude of the pressure error. There is an inflatable cuff, a motor and pump for inflating the cuff, a valve for deflating the cuff, a transducer for sensing the pressure in the cuff, and a switch for setting a desired cuff pressure. A microprocessor is responsive to signals from the transducer and switches to calculate a duty cycle related to the pressure error. The microprocessor periodically applies a signal to the motor or valve during the calculated duty cycle to provide an adjustment to cuff pressure related to pressure error. The microprocessor also is responsive to motor speed and accumulated error history to provide further adjustments to the pressure.

Abstract translation: 一种气动止血带，可自动调节止血带的压力，压力调节可变，并取决于压力误差的符号和大小。 有一个充气袖带，用于充气袖带的电动机和泵，用于使袖口放气的阀，用于感测袖带中的压力的​​换能器和用于设定所需袖带压力的开关。 微处理器响应来自传感器和开关的信号来计算与压力误差有关的占空比。 微处理器在计算的占空比期间周期性地向马达或阀门施加信号，以提供与压力误差有关的袖带压力的调节。 微处理器还响应于电机速度和累积误差历史，以进一步调整压力。

公开(公告)号：US4520819A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-04

申请号：US485346

申请日：1983-04-15

Applicant: Michael J. Birmingham ,  Michael R. Manes

Inventor： Michael J. Birmingham ,  Michael R. Manes

IPC: A61B17/135 ,  A61B17/12

CPC classification number: A61B17/1355 ,  A61H2201/5074

Abstract: An automatic tourniquet with an improved occlusion detector. A pump and valve for inflating and deflating a tourniquet cuff are connected to a first port. A pressure transducer for sensing the pressure in the cuff is connected to a second port. A pair of pressure differential switches, which activate an alarm when a pressure difference developes across them, are connected anti-parallelly between the pump/valve and the transducer. The differential switches also deactivate the pump/valve upon detection of an occlusion.

Abstract translation: 具有改进闭塞检测器的自动止血带。 用于使止血带套管充气和放气的泵和阀连接到第一端口。 用于感测袖带中的压力的​​压力传感器连接到第二端口。 一对压力差开关，当在其间形成压力差时启动报警，在泵/阀和换能器之间反并联连接。 检测到闭塞时，差动开关也会使泵/阀失灵。

公开(公告)号：US4967159A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-30

申请号：US315371

申请日：1989-02-23

Applicant: Michael R. Manes

Inventor： Michael R. Manes

IPC: G01R27/06

CPC classification number: G01R27/06

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of a self-balancing reflectometer is disclosed in conjunction with a system including an RF source, an RF load, and an RF transmission channel that carries RF signals transmitted by the source to the load. The self-balancing reflectometer includes a load current sampler that generates a first sample signal related to load current by a first fixed value of gain and a load voltage sampler that generates a second sample signal related to load voltage by a voltage-responsive second variable value of gain. The first sample signal is subtracted from the second sample signal and the resulting difference signal is applied to the RF port of a double balanced mixer. The RF voltage signal appearing at the load is applied to the LO port of the mixer, which generates an IF signal that varies with both rapid load impedance modulation corresponding to load data and long term basal variations in load impedance unrelated to load data. A high gain amplifier generates output data signals corresponding to the load data and an integrator generates a gain adjustment voltage which varies with the long term variations. The gain adjustment voltage is applied to the load voltage sampler to vary the second variable value of gain in a manner to drive the difference signal to zero, thus automatically balancing the reflectometer. At the balance point, the value of the gain adjustment voltage is related to the value of load impedance by a known formula. The reflectometer is selectably responsive to either the rear or imaginary component of load impedance.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种自平衡反射计的优选实施例，该系统包括RF源，RF负载以及RF信号，RF信号将RF信号传送到负载。 自平衡反射计包括负载电流采样器，其产生与负载电流相关的第一采样信号和增益的第一固定值，以及负载电压采样器，其通过电压响应的第二变量值产生与负载电压相关的第二采样信号 的收益。 从第二采样信号中减去第一采样信号，并将得到的差分信号施加到双平衡混频器的RF端口。 出现在负载处的RF电压信号被施加到混频器的LO端口，该信号产生随着与负载数据相对应的快速负载阻抗调制和与负载数据无关的负载阻抗的长期基准变化而变化的IF信号。 高增益放大器产生对应于负载数据的输出数据信号，并且积分器产生随着长期变化而变化的增益调节电压。 将增益调整电压施加到负载电压采样器，以便将差分信号驱动为零的方式改变增益的第二可变值，从而自动平衡反射计。 在平衡点，增益调整电压的值与已知公式的负载阻抗值相关。 反射计可选择地响应负载阻抗的后部或虚部。

公开(公告)号：US4825168A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-25

申请号：US869087

申请日：1986-05-30

Applicant: Francis T. Ogawa ,  George J. Eilers ,  Michael R. Manes ,  Donn D. Lobdell ,  Terry D. Boucher

Inventor： Francis T. Ogawa ,  George J. Eilers ,  Michael R. Manes ,  Donn D. Lobdell ,  Terry D. Boucher

IPC: A61M1/16 ,  G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/06 ,  G01N27/08 ,  G01N27/72

CPC classification number: G01N27/023 ,  A61M1/1607

Abstract: A liquid conductivity sensor which features simply and inexpensively driving the excitation transformer of a two-transformer/fluid-loop remote conductivity sensor with a square wave excitation signal provided by a digital timer and a flip-flop. Also disclosed is using an electrodeless conductivity sensor to sense conductivity of dialysate.

Abstract translation: 一种液体电导率传感器，其特征在于使用由数字定时器和触发器提供的方波激励信号简单且廉价地驱动双变压器/流体回路远程电导率传感器的激励变压器。 还公开了使用无电极电导率传感器来感测透析液的电导率。

公开(公告)号：US4617927A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-21

申请号：US584959

申请日：1984-02-29

Applicant: Michael R. Manes

Inventor： Michael R. Manes

IPC: A61B18/12 ,  A61B17/39

CPC classification number: A61B18/1206 ,  A61B18/12 ,  A61B18/1233 ,  A61B2018/0066 ,  A61B2018/1472

Abstract: An electrosurgical unit having a power source, and an amplifier which includes a bipolar transistor and a FET in series with the amplifier load. In cut and blend modes, the power output of the unit is controlled by a variable voltage applied to the base terminal of the bipolar transistor. In coagulation, fulgration, and bipolar modes the power output is controlled by a variable duty cycle voltage applied to the gate terminal of the FET.

Abstract translation: 具有电源的电外科单元和包括与放大器负载串联的双极晶体管和FET的放大器。 在切割和混合模式中，单元的功率输出由施加到双极晶体管的基极的可变电压控制。 在凝固，富集和双极模式中，功率输出由施加到FET的栅极端子的可变占空比电压控制。

公开(公告)号：US4520820A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-04

申请号：US485548

申请日：1983-04-15

Applicant: Dwight W. Kitchin ,  Michael R. Manes

Inventor： Dwight W. Kitchin ,  Michael R. Manes

IPC: A61B17/135 ,  A61B17/12

CPC classification number: A61B17/1355 ,  A61H2201/5074

Abstract: An automatic tourniquet including a mechanism for inflating and deflating a cuff, a pressure sensing mechanism, and a mechanism for displaying the pressure. The pressure sensing mechanism includes a pressure transducer producing a pair of digital signals, and a mechanism for adjusting the signals so that the pressures at which the transitions between the digital quanta occur for one signal are different from the pressures at which the transitions occur for the other signal. The mechanism for adjusting includes a mechanism for setting the signals to be equal at a selected pressure, and a mechanism for offsetting the signals from each other by a voltage corresponding to one-half a digital quantum. The offset signals are summed by a microprocessor to produce a display with twice the resolution of the individual signals.

Abstract translation: 一种自动止血带，包括用于使袖带膨胀和放气的机构，压力感测机构和用于显示压力的机构。 压力感测机构包括产生一对数字信号的压力传感器和用于调节信号的机构，使得对于一个信号发生数字量子之间的转换的压力不同于为此产生转换的压力 其他信号。 用于调整的机构包括用于将信号设置为在选定压力下相等的机构，以及用于将信号彼此偏移相当于二分之一数字量子的电压的机构。 偏移信号由微处理器相加以产生具有两倍于各个信号的分辨率的显示器。