公开(公告)号：US6105083A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-15

申请号：US879981

申请日：1997-06-20

Applicant: Jeffrey D. Kurtze ,  Craig R. Frink ,  James Hamilton ,  Frank C. Sarnowski ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Scott A. Markinson ,  Michael F. Lamenza ,  Anthony O'Connor ,  Hamed Eshraghian

Inventor： Jeffrey D. Kurtze ,  Craig R. Frink ,  James Hamilton ,  Frank C. Sarnowski ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Scott A. Markinson ,  Michael F. Lamenza ,  Anthony O'Connor ,  Hamed Eshraghian

IPC: G06F13/38 ,  G06F13/42 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/50

CPC classification number: G06F13/4213 ,  H04N19/42 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N7/24

Abstract: The present invention provides a generic interface which enables asynchronous data processing elements to be interconnected using an interconnection protocol that controls flow of data between the processing elements. The flow control allows the processing elements to be data independent from, i.e., the processing elements need not be designed for a fixed sample rate or resolution, sample format and other data dependent factors. When used with digital motion video data, the processing elements may process motion video data at various temporal and spatial resolutions and color formats. Flow of data between processing elements may be controlled by handshake signals indicating whether the sender has valid data and the receiver can receive data. When valid data is available at the sender and is requested by the receiver, a transfer of data occurs. The characteristics of the data, and functions to be performed on the data may be specified using control inputs to the processing elements. A counting circuit may be used to specify the number of the data samples for which the control inputs are valid. The interface allows each processing element to have a small number of storage locations for storing data, such as a pair of registers, which eliminates the need for large buffers and simplifies implementation of the processing element with such flow control as a simple integrated circuit.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种通用接口，其使得能够使用控制处理元件之间的数据流的互连协议来互连异步数据处理元件。 流量控制允许处理元件与数据无关，即处理元件不需要被设计用于固定的采样率或分辨率，采样格式和其他依赖于数据的因素。 当与数字运动视频数据一起使用时，处理元件可以处理各种时间和空间分辨率和颜色格式的运动视频数据。 处理元件之间的数据流可以由指示发送者是否具有有效数据并且接收方可以接收数据的握手信号来控制。 当有效数据在发送器处可用并且被接收器请求时，发生数据传送。 可以使用对处理元件的控制输入来指定数据的特性和对数据执行的功能。 可以使用计数电路来指定控制输入有效的数据样本的数量。 该接口允许每个处理元件具有用于存储数据的少量存储位置，诸如一对寄存器，其消除了对大缓冲器的需要并且简化了具有如简单集成电路的流量控制的处理元件的实现。

公开(公告)号：US06239815B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-29

申请号：US09054321

申请日：1998-04-03

Applicant: Craig R. Frink ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Hamed Eshraghian

Inventor： Craig R. Frink ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Hamed Eshraghian

IPC: G09G500

CPC classification number: H04N19/00 ,  H04N19/42 ,  H04N19/61

Abstract: In order to efficiently use processing and transmission bandwidth and data storage of a computer system, video data is represented using integer and fractional values. The integer value has a precision defined by the precision of the data paths of the computer system. These integer and fractional components are packed into byte-oriented data packets in a manner that minimizes waste of storage space and transmission bandwidth. This packing of data also may be done in such a way so as to minimize processing for performing packing and unpacking of the data. Because the video data may be easily separated and combined into its integer and fractional components, these components may be processed or transported separately, in parallel or in series, and then later recombined. As a result, lower precision devices may be used in parallel to process or transport streams of higher precision data without having a high precision data processing or transport path.

Abstract translation: 为了有效地使用计算机系统的处理和传输带宽和数据存储，使用整数和小数值来表示视频数据。 整数值具有由计算机系统的数据路径的精度定义的精度。 这些整数和分数组件以最小化浪费存储空间和传输带宽的方式打包成面向字节的数据包。 数据的这种打包也可以以这样的方式完成，以便最小化用于执行打包和打包数据的处理。 因为视频数据可以容易地分离并组合成其整数和分数分量，这些分量可以并行或串联地分开处理或传输，然后再重新组合。 因此，较低精度的设备可以并行处理或传输更高精度数据的流，而不需要高精度的数据处理或传输路径。

公开(公告)号：US06583824B2

公开(公告)日：2003-06-24

申请号：US10186898

申请日：2002-07-01

Applicant: Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Robert Gonsalves

Inventor： Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Robert Gonsalves

IPC: H04N964

CPC classification number: G06T11/001

Abstract: A color modification system and method for reducing the number of computations performed on a pixel color. This reduction in computations increases the rate at which color modification may be performed and decreases the effects of rounding errors. Decreasing the effects of rounding errors produces a more accurate color modification, thereby reducing the likelihood of artifacts. The system and method performs color modification on a pixel color, where the color includes a first, second, and third component and each component defines a value of the color. The system includes a chroma lookup table having a plurality of entries. Each entry corresponds to a luma value and contains chroma coefficients. The chroma coefficients define color modifications to be applied to the components of the color. If a luma value is received, the chroma lookup table generates output chroma coefficients at an output. The output coefficients are generated by accessing the entry corresponding to the luma value, and extracting the output coefficients from the entry. The coefficients may include at least four matrix coefficients. The system may include a first matrix multiplier that receives the four matrix coefficients and at least a first and second of the color at an input and generate at least a first modified component and second modified component as output. The first matrix multiplier applies matrix multiplication to the first and second components using the four output chroma coefficients as the coefficients of the matrices. The chroma lookup table may defines a function of luma, and the function may be nonlinear.

公开(公告)号：US06532043B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-11

申请号：US08932557

申请日：1997-09-19

Applicant: Jeffrey D. Kurtze ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Peter Zawojski ,  Eric C. Peters ,  John Walsh, Jr.

Inventor： Jeffrey D. Kurtze ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Peter Zawojski ,  Eric C. Peters ,  John Walsh, Jr.

IPC: H04N974

CPC classification number: H04N5/262 ,  G11B27/034 ,  G11B27/34 ,  H04N5/265

Abstract: A media pipeline with two channels processes sequences of digital still images. A blender is provided so as to enable simple effects on these two streams of video data such as dissolves, wipes and chroma keys. Complex arbitrary three-dimensional effects and other effects may also be provided using an external interface. Thus, a system for processing sequences of digital still images to provide real-time digital video effects includes first and second channels for communicating first and second sequences of digital still images at a rate for simulating video. A controller directs still images to one of the first and second channels. A blender, having a first input connected to the first channel, a second input connected to the second channel, and an output, provides a combination of the first and second sequences of digital still images at a rate for simulating video.

Abstract translation: 具有两个通道的媒体流水线处理数字静态图像序列。 提供了一种混合器，以便能够对这两个视频数据流（如溶解，擦除和色度键）产生简单的影响。 也可以使用外部接口提供复杂的任意三维效果和其他效果。 因此，用于处理数字静止图像序列以提供实时数字视频效果的系统包括用于以用于模拟视频的速率传送第一和第二数字静止图像序列的第一和第二信道。 控制器将静止图像引导到第一和第二通道之一。 具有连接到第一通道的第一输入端的连接器，连接到第二通道的第二输入端和输出端以用于模拟视频的速率提供第一和第二数字静止图像序列的组合。

公开(公告)号：US06407775B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-18

申请号：US09293332

申请日：1999-04-16

Applicant: Craig R. Frink ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore

Inventor： Craig R. Frink ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore

IPC: H04N701

CPC classification number: H04N7/01 ,  H04N5/14 ,  H04N7/0112

Abstract: Film frames, or other images in which fields are captured at the same point in time, may be processed as a sequence of temporally coherent image fields or as progressive images. Such images may be obtained, for example, by digitizing signals from a telecine and dropping redundant fields inserted by the telecine. These fields may be stored in a buffer. Two fields of a given frame are read from the buffer by a resizer in accordance with read instructions, which may be determined according to any specified pulldown sequence, an output image size, and resize instructions, such as pan and scan or letterbox instructions. The resizer also may be informed of the input image size if it is not presumed. Thus, the full input image from which an output image may be generated is used by the resizer to generate output image. The resizer uses data in the input image received at one rate to generate one output image at the output rate. The resize instructions, if varied over time, are determined for each output image at the output image rate. For example, if a pan and scan operation is specified to move from a first position to a second position over two input images, the position of the sampled area may be determined by interpolating between the first and second positions and sampling along the interpolated curve for each output image. Thus, the sampled area of the input image is different for each output field. Because changes in position of the sampled area are made in increments at the temporal resolution and ordering of the output images, artifacts in the output images are reduced.

Abstract translation: 在相同时间点捕获场的胶片帧或其他图像可以被处理为时间相干图像场序列或逐行图像。 这样的图像可以例如通过数字化来自电视电影的信号和丢弃由电视电影机插入的冗余字段来获得。 这些字段可以存储在缓冲区中。 根据读取的指令，通过调整器从缓冲器读取给定帧的两个字段，读取指令可以根据任何指定的下拉顺序，输出图像大小和调整大小的指令（诸如平移和扫描或信箱指令）来确定。 如果不推测，调整器也可以被通知输入图像大小。 因此，可以由生成输出图像的整个输入图像被生成输出图像。 调整器使用以一个速率接收的输入图像中的数据以输出速率生成一个输出图像。 如果随时间变化，则按照输出图像速率为每个输出图像确定调整大小的指令。 例如，如果指定了平移和扫描操作以在两个输入图像上从第一位置移动到第二位置，则可以通过在第一和第二位置之间进行插值并沿着内插曲线进行采样来确定采样区域的位置 每个输出图像。 因此，输入图像的采样区域对于每个输出场是不同的。 由于采样区域的位置变化是以输出图像的时间分辨率和顺序增量进行的，输出图像中的伪影减少。

公开(公告)号：US6141691A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-31

申请号：US54920

申请日：1998-04-03

Applicant: Craig R. Frink ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore

Inventor： Craig R. Frink ,  Raymond D. Cacciatore

IPC: G06F13/38 ,  G06F13/42 ,  H04N21/643 ,  G06F15/16

CPC classification number: H04N21/643

Abstract: An interface enables asynchronous data processing elements to be interconnected using an interconnection protocol that controls the flow of data between the processing elements. The flow control allows the processing elements to be data independent, i.e., the processing elements need not be designed for a fixed sample rate or resolution, sample format, or other data dependent factors. When used with digital motion video data, the processing elements may process motion video data at various temporal and spatial resolutions and color formats and precisions. Flow of data between processing elements may be controlled by handshake signals indicating whether the data output by the sender is valid and whether the receiver can receive data. The sender transmits data and asserts a valid signal along with the data in response to a request signal from the receiver. The request signal may be asserted by the receiver and responded to asynchronously by the sender with the transmission of the data by the sender. As a result, the sender and receiver are decoupled, thus enabling high speed data transmission and time division multiplexing of data across the interconnect. The sender also may transfer command data. A valid command signal is to indicate the present of command data.

Abstract translation: 接口使得能够使用控制处理元件之间的数据流的互连协议来互连异步数据处理元件。 流量控制允许处理元件与数据无关，即处理元件不需要被设计用于固定的采样率或分辨率，采样格式或其他依赖于数据的因素。 当与数字运动视频数据一起使用时，处理元件可以处理各种时间和空间分辨率以及颜色格式和精度的运动视频数据。 可以通过握手信号来控制处理元件之间的数据流，指示发送者输出的数据是否有效以及接收者是否可以接收数据。 发送方响应于来自接收机的请求信号，发送数据并断言与数据一起发送的有效信号。 请求信号可由接收方断言并由发送方异步地由发送方发送数据进行响应。 结果，发送器和接收器被去耦合，从而实现跨数据传输的高速数据传输和跨互连的数据的时分复用。 发送方也可以传送命令数据。 有效的命令信号是指示命令数据的存在。

公开(公告)号：US06417891B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-09

申请号：US09293259

申请日：1999-04-16

Applicant: Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Robert Gonsalves

Inventor： Raymond D. Cacciatore ,  Robert Gonsalves

IPC: H04N964

CPC classification number: G06T11/001

Abstract: A color modification system and method for reducing the number of computations performed on a pixel color. This reduction in computations increases the rate at which color modification may be performed and decreases the effects of rounding errors. Decreasing the effects of rounding errors produces a more accurate color modification, thereby reducing the likelihood of artifacts. The system and method performs color modification on a pixel color, where the color includes a first, second, and third component and each component defines a value of the color. The system includes a chroma lookup table having a plurality of entries. Each entry corresponds to a luma value and contains chroma coefficients. The chroma coefficients define color modifications to be applied to the components of the color. If a luma value is received, the chroma lookup table generates output chroma coefficients at an output. The output coefficients are generated by accessing the entry corresponding to the luma value, and extracting the output coefficients from the entry. The coefficients may include at least four matrix coefficients. The system may include a first matrix multiplier that receives the four matrix coefficients and at least a first and second of the color at an input and generate at least a first modified component and second modified component as output. The first matrix multiplier applies matrix multiplication to the first and second components using the four output chroma coefficients as the coefficients of the matrices. The chroma lookup table may defines a function of luma, and the function may be nonlinear.