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公开(公告)号：US06269145B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-31
申请号：US09307289
申请日：1999-05-07
IPC分类号： G21K106
摘要： In accordance with the present invention, a compound refractive lens for focusing, collecting and collimating x-rays comprising N individual unit lenses numbered i=1 through N, with each unit lens substantially aligned along an axis such that the i-th lens has a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that the sum of the displacements ti equals zero, and wherein each of said unit lenses comprises a lens material having a refractive index decrement less than 1 at a wavelength less than 100 Angstroms.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，一种复合折射透镜，用于聚焦，收集和准直包括编号为i = 1至N的N个单独单元透镜的x射线，每个单位透镜基本上沿着轴线对齐，使得第i个透镜具有 位移ti垂直于所述轴，所述轴定位成使得位移ti的和等于零，并且其中每个所述单位透镜包括在小于100埃的波长处折射率减小小于1的透镜材料。
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公开(公告)号：US5920666A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-06
申请号：US939
申请日：1997-12-30
CPC分类号： G02F1/3517
摘要： An all-optical fiber switch is implemented within a short Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration. The Mach-Zehnder switch is constructed to have a high temperature stability so as to minimize temperature gradients and other thermal effects which result in undesirable instability at the output of the switch. The Mach-Zehnder switch of the preferred embodiment is advantageously less than 2 cm in length between couplers to be sufficiently short to be thermally stable, and full switching is accomplished by heavily doping one or both of the arms between the couplers so as to provide a highly nonlinear region within one or both of the arms. A pump input source is used to affect the propagation characteristics of one of the arms to control the output coupling ratio of the switch. Because of the high nonlinearity of the pump input arm, low pump powers can be used, thereby alleviating difficulties and high cost associated with high pump input powers.
摘要翻译： 全光纤交换机在短的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪配置下实现。 马赫 - 曾德尔（Mach-Zehnder）开关被构造成具有高温度稳定性，以便最小化温度梯度和其他热效应，这导致开关输出端的不期望的不稳定性。 优选实施例的马赫 - 策德尔开关有利地在耦合器之间的长度小于2cm，足够短到不能热稳定，并且完全切换是通过在耦合器之间大量掺杂一个或两个臂来实现的，从而提供 一个或两个臂内的高度非线性区域。 泵输入源用于影响其中一个臂的传播特性，以控制开关的输出耦合比。 由于泵输入臂的非线性高，可以使用低泵浦功率，从而减轻与高泵输入功率相关的困难和高成本。
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公开(公告)号：US06765197B2
公开(公告)日：2004-07-20
申请号：US09965501
申请日：2001-09-27
IPC分类号： G02B500
CPC分类号： G21K1/06 , G21K2201/068
摘要： A compound refractive lens for neutrons is provided having a plurality of individual unit Fresnel lenses comprising a total of N in number. The unit lenses are aligned substantially along an axis, the i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to the axis, with the axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0. Each of the unit lenses comprises a lens material having a refractive index decrement &dgr;
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于中子的复合折射透镜，其具有多个单独的单个菲涅耳透镜，其包括总数为N的数量。 单位透镜基本上沿轴线对准，第i个透镜具有与轴正交的位移ti，其中轴定位成使得每个单位透镜包括在波长λ处具有折射率递减δ<1的透镜材料 <200埃 在优选模式中，上述透镜被配置为使得位移ti分布并且具有围绕轴的位移ti的标准偏差sigmat，并且其中每个单位透镜具有sn-sn-1的最小菲涅耳区宽度 其中sn和sn-1是n和n-1区域的区域半径，标准偏差是sigmat <= [Sn-sn-1] / 4。
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公开(公告)号：US5311525A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-10
申请号：US861322
申请日：1992-03-31
CPC分类号： G02F1/365 , G02F1/3521 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/06783
摘要： An optical mode coupling apparatus includes an Erbium-doped optical waveguide in which an optical signal at a signal wavelength propagates in a first spatial propagation mode and a second spatial propagation mode of the waveguide. The optical signal propagating in the waveguide has a beat length. The coupling apparatus includes a pump source of perturbational light signal at a perturbational wavelength that propagates in the waveguide in the first spatial propagation mode. The perturbational signal has a sufficient intensity distribution in the waveguide that it causes a perturbation of the effective refractive index of the first spatial propagation mode of the waveguide in accordance with the optical Kerr effect. The perturbation of the effective refractive index of the first spatial propagation mode of the optical waveguide causes a change in the differential phase delay in the optical signal propagating in the first and second spatial propagation modes. The change in the differential phase delay is detected as a change in the intensity distribution between two lobes of the optical intensity distribution pattern of an output signal. The perturbational light signal can be selectively enabled and disabled to selectively change the intensity distribution in the two lobes of the optical intensity distribution pattern.
摘要翻译： 光模耦合装置包括铒掺杂光波导，其中信号波长的光信号以波导的第一空间传播模式和第二空间传播模式传播。 在波导中传播的光信号具有拍子长度。 耦合装置包括在扰动波长处的扰动光信号的泵浦源，其在第一空间传播模式中在波导中传播。 扰动信号在波导中具有足够的强度分布，其根据光学克尔效应引起波导的第一空间传播模式的有效折射率的扰动。 光波导的第一空间传播模式的有效折射率的扰动导致在第一和第二空间传播模式中传播的光信号中的差分相位延迟的变化。 差分相位延迟的变化被检测为输出信号的光强度分布图案的两个波瓣之间的强度分布的变化。 扰动光信号可以选择性地启用和禁用，以选择性地改变光强度分布图案的两个波瓣中的强度分布。
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