公开(公告)号：US5176320A

公开(公告)日：1993-01-05

申请号：US845608

申请日：1992-03-04

申请人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

发明人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

IPC分类号： F25C3/04

CPC分类号： F25C3/04 ,  F25C2303/048

摘要： A noncontact, infrared energy measuring transducer senses the water content in snow by measuring the average intensity of infrared radiant energy emitted by the snow at substantially below freezing temperature, and the intensity of thereon superimposed infrared radiant energy emitted by an amount of water droplets being deposited at/or above freeze point temperature on the surface of the snow. The transducer generates an electric output signal being proportional to the average intensity of the snow emitted infrared radiated energy which is utilized in a servomechanism or sevomotor operated water valve to regulate the water flow in snowmaking systems.

摘要翻译： 非接触的红外能量测量传感器通过测量在大体上低于冰点的温度下由雪发出的红外辐射能的平均强度，并且其上沉积的一定量的水滴发射的其上的强度的红外能量测量传感器来感测雪中的含水量 处于/或高于雪面上的冰点温度。 换能器产生与用于伺服机构或电动机操作的水阀中的雪辐射红外辐射能的平均强度成比例的电输出信号，以调节制雪系统中的水流。

公开(公告)号：US4759503A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-26

申请号：US74040

申请日：1987-07-16

申请人： Edmund J. Kraus ,  Robert A. Kraus

发明人： Edmund J. Kraus ,  Robert A. Kraus

IPC分类号： A01G15/00 ,  F25C3/04 ,  B05B1/28 ,  B05B7/06 ,  F16M11/12

CPC分类号： A01G15/00 ,  F25C3/04 ,  F25C2303/0481

摘要： Compressed air and water are mixed, and are accelerated to a jet of high velocity within a cylindrical, non obstructive device; the explosive decompression of compressed air to atmospheric pressure within a diverging exit nozzle disintegrates the jet of water into a jet of tiny droplets which freeze in contact with colder atmospheric air to ice crystals of snow.

摘要翻译： 压缩空气和水混合，并加速到圆柱形，非阻塞装置内的高速射流; 压缩空气的爆炸性减压到发散的出口喷嘴内的大气压力将水射流分解成微小的液滴射流，其与较冷的大气相接触，冰雪结冰。

公开(公告)号：US4637261A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-20

申请号：US802435

申请日：1985-11-27

申请人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

发明人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

IPC分类号： G01F1/88 ,  G01F15/02 ,  G01M19/00

CPC分类号： G01F1/88

摘要： Apparatus for obtaining the mass flow rate of engine aspirated air. An ultrasonic transducer measures the density of atmospheric air, while coincidentally measuring the velocity of air within a venturi of an engine air induction tube. The two individual measurements produce a single electric output signal proportional to the mass flow rate of air.

摘要翻译： 用于获得发动机抽吸空气的质量流量的装置。 超声波换能器测量大气空气的密度，同时测量发动机空气感应管的文氏管内的空气速度。 两个单独的测量产生与空气的质量流量成比例的单个电输出信号。

公开(公告)号：US4182124A

公开(公告)日：1980-01-08

申请号：US819967

申请日：1977-10-05

申请人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

发明人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

IPC分类号： F02C1/00 ,  F02C1/02 ,  F02C1/04

CPC分类号： F02C1/00

摘要： A power-producing device, comprising a vertically oriented chamber of enormous height, incorporating within its upper end an electric motor-driven, aftercooled air compressor, being connected via suitable power transmission, to an electric generator driving, reheated air turbine, located within the lower chamber end. Atmospheric air is compressed at a given rate of flow to a given pressure into the upper chamber end, which, due to the gravitational force exerted on its compressed mass, and due to the chamber height, is expanded within the turbine at the lower chamber end at an equal rate of flow, but, at a substantially higher pressure, and at a substantial gain in energy, thus, producing a substantially greater amount of work than is consumed by the compressor.

摘要翻译： 一种发电装置，包括垂直定向的高度大小的腔室，其上端内装有电动机驱动的后冷空气压缩机，通过合适的动力传动连接到发电机驱动，再热空气涡轮机，其位于 下腔结束。 大气空气以给定的流量被压缩到给定的压力进入上室端，由于施加在其压缩质量块上的重力，并且由于腔室高度而在下腔室端部在涡轮机内膨胀 以相等的流速，但是在显着更高的压力下，并且在能量上具有实质的增益，因此，产生比由压缩机消耗的大得多的作业量。

公开(公告)号：US3943617A

公开(公告)日：1976-03-16

申请号：US379781

申请日：1973-07-16

申请人： Mark E. Whalen ,  Norman W. Trepanier ,  Robert A. Kraus ,  Joseph W. Malleck

发明人： Mark E. Whalen ,  Norman W. Trepanier ,  Robert A. Kraus ,  Joseph W. Malleck

IPC分类号： B22F8/00 ,  B30B9/32 ,  C22B1/248 ,  B22F3/16 ,  B23Q17/00 ,  B30B13/00

CPC分类号： C22B1/248 ,  B22F8/00 ,  B30B9/32 ,  Y02P10/24 ,  Y02W30/541 ,  Y10S100/901 ,  Y10S425/046 ,  Y10T29/49753 ,  Y10T428/1216 ,  Y10T428/12264 ,  Y10T428/12451

摘要： A method of converting scrap or other small pieces of metal into a useful, commercial product while maintaining the metal in a solid state. According to the process, the pieces are maintained together for further processing. They are impacted, while heated, to produce a metal body and thereafter subjected to continued impaction so that the pieces forming the body are welded together into a cohesive, homogeneous slab. There is also disclosure of a novel press and method of operating the press. The press is of the harmonic type. Its novel aspects include control of movement of novel platens during rotation of shafts which drive the platens and perimetral constraint of a workpiece being forged to achieve rapid impaction and self feed of a workpiece.There is also disclosure of a novel method for making flakes of steel, a novel furnace including seals for maintaining the furnace gas-tight, a novel method in which the pieces of metal are scrap steel and baled together into a bale in which the scrap pieces of random size and shape become intertwined together and novel processes and apparatus for cleaning scrap or other metal pieces.

摘要翻译： 将废料或其他小块金属转化成有用的商业产品同时将金属保持在固态的方法。 根据该过程，将这些片材保持在一起用于进一步处理。 在被加热的同时，它们被冲击以产生金属体，然后经受持续的冲击，使得形成本体的部件被焊接在一起成为粘性均质的板坯。 还公开了一种新型压机和操作压机的方法。 印刷机是谐波型的。 其新颖的方面包括在驱动压板的轴的旋转期间控制新型压板的运动，并且锻造被锻造的工件的周向约束以实现工件的快速冲击和自动进给。

公开(公告)号：US4599907A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-15

申请号：US725136

申请日：1985-04-19

申请人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

发明人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

IPC分类号： G01F1/28 ,  H01G5/20

CPC分类号： G01F1/28

摘要： A variable capacitance device generally intended for use in measuring the mass flow of air while passing through an engine-manifold. The device is capable of responding to the impingement of a stream of air on its flexible capacitor plate located within an air conveying duct, in which the impingement tends to bend the flexible capacitor plate over the curved surface of a rigid electrically insulated capacitor plate. The gradual bending of the flexible capacitor plate over the curved surface of the rigid capacitor plate changes the capacitance of the device at rate proportional to the rate of change in the mass-flow of the gas.

摘要翻译： 通常用于测量空气在通过发动机歧管时质量流量的可变电容装置。 该装置能够响应位于空气输送管道内的柔性电容器板上的空气流的冲击，其中冲击趋向于使柔性电容器板弯曲在刚性绝缘电容器板的弯曲表面上。 柔性电容器板在刚性电容器板的弯曲表面上的逐渐弯曲以与气体的质量流量变化率成比例的速率改变器件的电容。

公开(公告)号：US4246890A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-27

申请号：US071786

申请日：1979-08-31

申请人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

发明人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

IPC分类号： F03G6/00 ,  F04F1/18 ,  F24J2/44 ,  F24J3/02 ,  F28D15/00 ,  C10K1/08

CPC分类号： F03G6/00 ,  F04F1/18 ,  F24J2/44 ,  Y02E10/46 ,  Y10S261/32

摘要： A device making use of the gravity generated imbalance within a portion of the system confined upward and downward flowing liquid. A condensed gas of lower boiling point is induced to the portion of the upward flowing heated liquid of higher boiling point. The formation of gas bubbles upon evaporation of the condensed gas within the upward flowing heated liquid, causing fluid displacement thereof, thereby causing a imbalance between the upward flowing liquid and gas mixture, and the downward flowing solid liquid after being separated from the gas. Thus, gravity causing the continuous pumping action of the liquid throughout the system.

摘要翻译： 利用重力产生的在系统的一部分内部产生不平衡的装置限制向上和向下流动的液体。 将较低沸点的冷凝气体引入向上流动的较高沸点的加热液体的部分。 在向上流动的加热液体中蒸发冷凝气体之后，形成气泡，导致其流体的移动，从而导致向上流动的液体和气体混合物之间的不平衡，以及与气体分离后的向下流动的固体液体。 因此，重力导致液体在整个系统中的连续泵送动作。

公开(公告)号：US4221115A

公开(公告)日：1980-09-09

申请号：US871246

申请日：1978-01-23

申请人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

发明人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

IPC分类号： F02C1/04 ,  F02C1/10 ,  F02C7/36 ,  F03G7/04 ,  F02C1/02

CPC分类号： F02C1/04 ,  F02C1/10 ,  F02C7/36 ,  F03G7/04

摘要： A device, operating on a closed gas power cycle between an upper and a lower horizontal datum plane, being separated through a distance of enormous height; comprising the steady-flow compression and the cooling of a suitable gas at the upper datum plane, and its reheating, and power-producing expansion through a compressor matched turbine at the lower datum plane; gravitational downward attractive force which is acting on the steady within a conduit downward-flowing mass of compressed gas, produces increased weight, which, in turn, produces a gravity-generated, from the compressor discharge to the turbine inlet, a downwardly increasing gas pressure rise; the gravity-produced gas pressure rise produces in the compressed gas expansion at the lower datum plane a substantially greater amount of power than is consumed in the gas compression at the upper datum plane, thus resulting in a surplus generated power output.

摘要翻译： 在上下水平基准平面之间的封闭气体动力循环中操作的装置在高度很大的距离上分离; 包括稳定流压缩和在上基准平面处的合适气体的冷却，以及其再加热，以及通过下基准平面处的压缩机匹配的涡轮发电发电; 作用在管道向下流动的压缩气体中的稳定的引力向下吸引力产生增加的重量，其又产生从压缩机排放到涡轮机入口的重力产生向下增加的气体压力 上升; 重力产生的气体压力上升在下基准平面处的压缩气体膨胀中产生比在上基准面处的气体压缩中消耗的功率大得多的功率量，从而导致剩余的发电功率输出。

公开(公告)号：US4006911A

公开(公告)日：1977-02-08

申请号：US605931

申请日：1975-08-19

申请人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

发明人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

IPC分类号： A63C5/06

CPC分类号： A63C5/06

摘要： A novel ski-mounting stabilizer for the sole purpose of holding a snow ski in a stationary position relative to the snow surface, and to provide a proper lateral alignment between the ski-binding mechanism and the ski boot, until the ski mounting operation is completed, and including a rigid receptacle which is attached to the upper side of a snow ski to receive the lower ends of a conventional ski pole, in the establishment of a rigid engagement between a ski and ski pole, for the sole purpose of holding the ski in a stationary position relative to the snow surface, and to provide a proper alignment between the ski-binding mechanism and the under side of the ski-boot until the ski mounting and step-in operation is completed. Wherein, immediately upon completion of the mounting and step-in operation, the ski-pole is removed from its receptacle, to be used in its conventional intended fashion while skiing. And wherein, further particularities provide a rigid receptacle which is constructed in such a way, that a possible accumulation of snow and ice within the receptacle can be ejected through an opening or openings at the receptacle's lower portion, as the lower end of a conventional ski pole is inserted into that receptacle's upper end.

摘要翻译： 一种新型的滑雪板安装稳定器，其唯一目的是在相对于雪地的静止位置上保持雪地滑雪，并且在滑雪板结合机构和滑雪靴之间提供适当的横向对准，直到滑雪板安装操作完成 ，并且包括刚性容器，其连接到雪地滑雪板的上侧以接收常规滑雪杆的下端，以在滑雪和滑雪杆之间建立刚性接合，仅用于保持滑雪板 在相对于雪地的静止位置处，并且在滑雪板绑定机构和滑雪靴的下侧之间提供适当的对准，直到滑雪板安装和踏入操作完成。 其中，在安装和踏入操作完成之后，滑雪杆从其容器中移除，以便在滑雪时以常规的方式使用。 并且其中，进一步的特征提供了以这种方式构造的刚性容器，使得容器内的雪和冰的可能堆积可以通过在容器的下部的开口或开口喷出，作为常规滑雪板的下端 杆插入该插座的上端。

公开(公告)号：US4915302A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-10

申请号：US175324

申请日：1988-03-30

申请人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

发明人： Robert A. Kraus ,  Edmund J. Kraus

IPC分类号： F25C3/04

CPC分类号： F25C3/04 ,  F25C2303/0481

摘要： A continuous stream of compressed air is introduced to a elongated chamber surrounded by a distribution jacket for introducing water at substantially the same pressure via a multitude of inward directed tubular members into the stream of axially moving, decompressing air. The stream of partially decompressed air atomizes the introduced water into tiny droplets which are mixed with the air, and are accelerated through a converging-diverging exit nozzle so as to be projected through a distance, along which the swiftly moving droplets cool from their initial to nucleating temperature, and ultimately freeze into crystalline particles of ice.

摘要翻译： 将连续的压缩空气流引入到由分配套管包围的细长室中，用于将基本上相同压力的水通过多个向内导向的管状构件引入到轴向移动的减压空气流中。 部分减压空气流将引入的水雾化成与空气混合的微小液滴，并通过会聚发散出口喷嘴加速，以便突出一段距离，快速移动的液滴从其初始冷却至 成核温度，最终冻结成冰晶体。