公开(公告)号：US5262785A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-16

申请号：US876958

申请日：1992-04-30

Applicant: Seth D. Silverstein ,  Robert L. Nevin

Inventor： Seth D. Silverstein ,  Robert L. Nevin

IPC: G01S13/522 ,  G01S13/52

CPC classification number: G01S13/522

Abstract: A small target phased array Doppler detection system receives signals from remote moving targets and determines Doppler frequency shift and the respective powers of coherent electromagnetic signals for the purpose of detection and identification of relatively small, slow moving targets in the presence of scattering echoes due to clutter. The system employs covariance analysis of the received signals followed by eigenanalysis to produce eigenvectors and eigenvalues. A superresolution algorithm creates dwell manifold vectors which indicate velocities of targets from the eigenvectors. The relative power of radar echoes contribute information relevant to the identification of real moving targets as opposed to false alarms.

Abstract translation: 小目标相控阵多普勒检测系统从远程移动目标接收信号，并确定多普勒频移和相干电磁信号的相应功率，以便在存在由于杂波引起的散射回波的情况下检测和识别相对较小，较慢的移动目标 。 该系统对接收到的信号进行协方差分析，然后进行特征分析以产生特征向量和特征值。 超分辨率算法创建表示来自特征向量的目标速度的驻留歧管向量。 雷达回波的相对功率提供与识别真实移动目标相关的信息，而不是虚假警报。

公开(公告)号：US5168214A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-01

申请号：US829832

申请日：1992-02-03

Applicant: William E. Engeler ,  Seth D. Silverstein

Inventor： William E. Engeler ,  Seth D. Silverstein

IPC: G01R23/165 ,  G01S13/526

CPC classification number: G01S13/526 ,  G01R23/165

Abstract: Parallel architectures preprocesses large matrices from sampled coherent time apertures receiving signals from distant sources to produce lower order matrices, derived from pseudo coherent time apertures, which are computationally less burdensome. The large matrices are processed by frequency shifting, low pass filtering with an FIR filter, and executing front-end decimation to create the pseudo coherent time apertures, each corresponding to different subbands of the temporal frequency spectrum. The signals representing the pseudo coherent time apertures are processed using matrix based superresolution spectral estimation algorithms such as the Tufts-Kumaresan (T-K) reduced rank modified covariance algorithm and the Linear Minimum Free Energy algorithms to produce an image of the sources.

Abstract translation: 并行架构预处理来自采样的相干时间孔径的大矩阵，其接收来自远距离源的信号以产生从伪相干时间孔导出的较低阶矩阵，其计算上的负担较小。 大矩阵通过频移，FIR滤波器的低通滤波处理，并且执行前端抽取以产生每个对应于时间频谱的不同子带的伪相干时间孔径。 表示伪相干时间孔径的信号使用基于矩阵的超分辨率频谱估计算法来处理，例如Tufts-Kumaresan（T-K）降级修正协方差算法和线性最小自由能算法来产生源的图像。

公开(公告)号：US5117238A

公开(公告)日：1992-05-26

申请号：US656882

申请日：1991-02-19

Applicant: Seth D. Silverstein ,  William E. Engeler

Inventor： Seth D. Silverstein ,  William E. Engeler

IPC: H01Q3/22 ,  H01Q3/26

CPC classification number: H01Q3/22 ,  H01Q3/26

Abstract: Parallel architectures preprocesses large matrices from digital phased array systems, receiving signals from distant sources, to produce lower order matrices, called pseudo coherent apertures, which are computationally less burdensome. The large matrices are processed by frequency shifting, low pass filtering with an FIR filter, and executing front-end decimation to create the pseudo coherent apertures, each corresponding to different sectors of the spatial frequency spectrum. The pseudo coherent apertures are processed using matrix based superresolution spectral estimation algorithms such as the Tufts-Kumaresan (T-K) reduced rank modified covariance algorithm and the Linear Minimum Free Energy algorithms produce an image of the sources.

Abstract translation: 并行架构预处理来自数字相控阵列系统的大型矩阵，接收来自远距离源的信号，以产生称为伪相干孔径的较低阶矩阵，其在计算上不那么繁重。 大矩阵通过频移，FIR滤波器的低通滤波处理，并且执行前端抽取以产生每个对应于空间频谱的不同扇区的伪相干孔。 使用基于矩阵的超分辨率频谱估计算法（例如Tufts-Kumaresan（T-K））降级修正的协方差算法来处理伪相干孔径，并且线性最小自由能算法产生源的图像。

公开(公告)号：US5262789A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-16

申请号：US876957

申请日：1992-04-30

Applicant: Seth D. Silverstein

Inventor： Seth D. Silverstein

IPC: G01S3/74 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC classification number: H01Q3/22 ,  G01S3/74

Abstract: A phased array source identification receives signals from remote sources and determines direction of arrival angles and the respective powers of coherent electromagnetic signals for the purpose of spatial localization and identification of relatively low power coherent sources in the presence of other coherent sources of relatively large signal power. The system employs covariant analysis of the received signals followed by eigenanalysis to produce eigenvectors and eigenvalues. A superresolution algorithm creates array manifold vectors corresponding to source direction of arrival, that lie in the signal subspace of the eigenvectors. In radar applications low power sources correspond to targets, while the high power sources would correspond to jammers. The relative power of radar echoes contribute information relevant to the identification of real sources as opposed to false alarms. Other applications may include cellular telephone systems and sonar systems.

Abstract translation: 相位阵列源识别从远程源接收信号，并确定相干电磁信号的方向和相关电源的相应功率，以便在存在相对较大信号功率的其他相干源的情况下进行相对低功率相干源的空间定位和识别 。 该系统对接收到的信号进行协方差分析，然后进行特征分析以产生特征向量和特征值。 超分辨率算法创建对应于到达方向的阵列歧管向量，其位于特征向量的信号子空间中。 在雷达应用中，低功率源对应于目标，而高功率源对应于干扰。 雷达回波的相对功率提供与识别真实来源相关的信息，而不是虚假警报。 其他应用可以包括蜂窝电话系统和声纳系统。

公开(公告)号：US4467238A

公开(公告)日：1984-08-21

申请号：US298836

申请日：1981-09-03

Applicant: Seth D. Silverstein ,  Jerome S. Prener

Inventor： Seth D. Silverstein ,  Jerome S. Prener

IPC: H01J61/35 ,  H01J61/82 ,  H01J61/34 ,  H01J61/38

CPC classification number: H01J61/825 ,  H01J61/35

Abstract: The efficacy of a high-pressure sodium lamp is increased significantly by enlarging the arc tube diameter and deploying a composite infrared-reflective film on the interior of the outer lamp envelope. The infrared-reflective film acts to maintain the wall temperature of the enlarged arc tube at the same optimum temperature as the arc tube wall in a conventional high-pressure sodium lamp. In one embodiment, the IR reflective film is a multi-layer composite film of In.sub.2 O.sub.3 :Sn or SnO.sub.2 :F overcoated with a TiO.sub.2 or SiO.sub.2 dielectric film. In another embodiment, a three-layer composite film is made up of TiO.sub.2, In.sub.2 O.sub.3 :Sn, or SnO.sub.2 :F, and SiO.sub.2 films sequentially overlaid on the outer envelope. The dielectric films improve lamp efficacy and enhance the high temperature chemical stability of In.sub.2 O.sub.3 :Sn and SnO.sub.2 :F. Such IR reflective films are substantially transparent to radiation in the visible region of the spectrum, but are highly reflective in the infrared portions of the spectrum.

Abstract translation: 通过放大电弧管直径并在外灯壳的内部部署复合红外反射膜，高压钠灯的功效显着增加。 红外反射膜用于将扩大的电弧管的壁温保持在与常规高压钠灯中的电弧管壁相同的最佳温度。 在一个实施例中，IR反射膜是用TiO 2或SiO 2绝缘膜覆盖的In2O3：Sn或SnO2：F的多层复合膜。 在另一个实施方案中，三层复合膜由TiO 2，In 2 O 3 :Sn或SnO 2 :F组成，SiO 2膜顺序地覆盖在外包层上。 电介质薄膜提高了灯的功效，提高了In2O3：Sn和SnO2：F的高温化学稳定性。 这种IR反射膜对于光谱的可见光区域中的辐射基本上是透明的，但在光谱的红外部分中是高度反射的。

公开(公告)号：US4232360A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-04

申请号：US868531

申请日：1978-01-11

Applicant: Himanshu B. Vakil ,  Seth D. Silverstein

Inventor： Himanshu B. Vakil ,  Seth D. Silverstein

IPC: F21V29/02 ,  F21V33/00 ,  F21V29/00

CPC classification number: F21V29/503 ,  F21V29/02 ,  F21V33/0092 ,  H01J9/003

Abstract: Composite high intensity discharge lamp constructions are described adapted for use in the recovery, in the form of heat, of energy in the non-visible frequencies emitted by such lamps. A transparent sleeve is disposed around and spaced from the lamp body being directly or indirectly connected thereto. Air passing between the sleeve and the lamp is brought into intimate heat transfer contact with both the outer surface of the lamp outer envelope and the inner surface of the sleeve.

Abstract translation: 描述了复合高强度放电灯结构，适用于在这种灯发射的不可见的频率中以热的形式恢复能量。 透明套筒设置在与其直接或间接连接的灯体周围并与之隔开。 套筒和灯之间的空气通过与灯外壳的外表面和套筒的内表面进行紧密的热传递接触。

公开(公告)号：US5572219A

公开(公告)日：1996-11-05

申请号：US499528

申请日：1995-07-07

Applicant: Seth D. Silverstein ,  Robert L. Nevin ,  William E. Engeler

Inventor： Seth D. Silverstein ,  Robert L. Nevin ,  William E. Engeler

IPC: H01Q3/00 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC classification number: H01Q3/22 ,  H01Q3/005

Abstract: A method and apparatus for remotely calibrating a system having a plurality of N elements, such as a phased array system, is provided. The method includes generating coherent signals, such as a calibration signal and a reference signal having a predetermined spectral relationship between one another. The calibration signal which is applied to each respective one of the plurality of N elements can be orthogonally encoded based on the entries of a predetermined invertible encoding matrix, such as a binary Hadamard matrix, to generate first and second sets of orthogonally encoded signals. The first and second sets of orthogonally encoded signals and the reference signal are transmitted to a remote location. The transmitted first and second sets of orthogonally encoded signals are coherently detected at the remote location. The coherently detected first and second sets of orthogonally encoded signals are then decoded using the inverse of the predetermined invertible encoding matrix to generate a set of decoded signals. The set of decoded signals is then processed for generating calibration data for each element of the system.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于远程校准具有多个N个元件（诸如相控阵列系统）的系统的方法和装置。 该方法包括产生相干信号，例如校准信号和具有彼此之间的预定光谱关系的参考信号。 可以基于诸如二进制Hadamard矩阵的预定可逆编码矩阵的条目来对应用于多个N个元素中的每个相应一个元素的校准信号进行正交编码，以生成第一和第二组正交编码信号。 第一组和第二组正交编码信号和参考信号被发送到远程位置。 所发送的第一组和第二组正交编码信号在远程位置被相干地检测。 然后使用预定可逆编码矩阵的倒数对相干检测的第一和第二组正交编码信号进行解码，以生成一组解码信号。 然后对该组解码信号进行处理，以产生系统的每个元件的校准数据。

公开(公告)号：US5122732A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-16

申请号：US656904

申请日：1991-02-19

Applicant: William E. Engeler ,  Seth D. Silverstein

Inventor： William E. Engeler ,  Seth D. Silverstein

IPC: G01R23/165 ,  G01S13/526

CPC classification number: G01S13/526 ,  G01R23/165

Abstract: Parallel architectures preprocesses large matrices from sampled coherent time apertures receiving signals from distant sources to produce lower order matrices, derived from pseudo coherent time apertures, which are computationally less burdensome. The large matrices are processed by frequency shifting, low pass filtering with an FIR filter, and executing front-end decimation to create the pseudo coherent time apertures, each corresponding to different subbands of the temporal frequency spectrum. The signals representing the pseudo coherent time apertures are processed using matrix based superresolution spectral estimation algorithms such as the Tufts-Kumaresan (T-K) reduced rank modified covariance algorithm and the Linear Minimum Free Energy algorithms to produce an image of the sources.

公开(公告)号：US4982150A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-01

申请号：US428810

申请日：1989-10-30

Applicant: Seth D. Silverstein ,  Joseph M. Pimbley

Inventor： Seth D. Silverstein ,  Joseph M. Pimbley

IPC: G01R23/16 ,  G01S13/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/9035 ,  G01R23/16

Abstract: A method for rapidly estimating power spectral density components in the spectrum of an input signal, by digitizing the input signal over a selected time interval at a selected sample rate; and estimating an autocorrelation sequence for the digitized input signal before generating a solution b.sub.s.sup.0 to the autocorrelation sequence in a Yule-Walker equation by use of Levinson recursion. After generating a control parameter (temperature) .alpha., a non-linear MFE equation, ##EQU1## is solved with b.sub.s.sup.0 as an initial solution. Then, power spectral density components ##EQU2## are generated and recorded as estimates of the input signal.

Abstract translation: 一种用于通过在选定的时间间隔以选定的采样率数字化输入信号来快速估计输入信号的频谱中的功率谱密度分量的方法; 以及在通过利用莱文森递归在Yule-Walker方程中生成解相关序列的自相关序列之前，估计数字化输入信号的自相关序列。 在产生控制参数（温度）α之后，以bs0作为初始解，求解非线性MFE方程。 然后，产生功率谱密度分量并将其记录为输入信号的估计。

公开(公告)号：US4446397A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-01

申请号：US305820

申请日：1981-09-28

Applicant: Peter D. Johnson ,  Seth D. Silverstein

Inventor： Peter D. Johnson ,  Seth D. Silverstein

IPC: H01J61/35 ,  H01J61/04 ,  H01J61/30 ,  H01J61/40 ,  H01J61/52

CPC classification number: H01J61/30 ,  H01J61/045

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp is provided with means for reflecting infrared radiation from the hot central portion of the arc tube onto the cooler end portions of the tube. The infrared reflective means may be provided by one or more infrared reflecting shields surrounding a portion of the arc tube or by an indentation in the outer glass envelope of the lamp.

Abstract translation: 高强度放电灯设置有用于将来自电弧管的热中心部分的红外辐射反射到管的冷却器端部的装置。 红外反射装置可以由围绕电弧管的一部分的一个或多个红外反射屏蔽物或通过灯的外玻璃外壳中的凹陷提供。