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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4262171A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-14
申请号：US2067
申请日：1979-01-08
CPC分类号： H04M9/027
摘要： A telephone system is provided which requires no central office. All the stations on the system are interconnected by a single line or cable and each station includes a computer which carries out the necessary switching. Each station is then able to call any other station, or to respond to a call, without requiring any central office. Frequency division multiplexing is used to permit a number of conversations to be carried on simultaneously and two frequencies are assigned to each conversation to permit duplex operation. A page capability is also provided.
摘要翻译： 提供一个不需要中心局的电话系统。 系统上的所有站通过单线或电缆互连，每个站包括执行必要切换的计算机。 每个电台然后可以呼叫任何其他电台，或响应电话，而不需要任何中心局。 使用频分复用来同时承载多个对话，并且为每个对话分配两个频率以允许双工操作。 还提供了页面功能。
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2.发明授权Electrochemical sensor approximating dose-response behavior and method of use thereof 失效电化学传感器近似剂量反应行为及其使用方法
公开(公告)号：US5906726A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-25
申请号：US887067
申请日：1997-07-02
IPC分类号： G01N27/49 , G01N27/404
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045 , G01N27/404
摘要： The present invention provides an electrochemical sensor for the detection of an analyte, wherein the output or response of the electrochemical sensor approximates the dose-response behavior of a living organism upon exposure to the analyte. The electrochemical sensor comprises a housing including an inlet port therein to allow the analyte to enter the housing. The electrochemical sensor further comprises at least a first electrode and a second electrode within the housing. Electrical conductivity is maintained between the first electrode and the second electrode via an electrolyte system present within the housing. The electrochemical sensor further comprises a resistor in series electrical connection with the first electrode and the second electrode. This resistor has a resistance adapted to be sufficiently high such that the output of the electrochemical sensor over time at a particular concentration of the analyte approximates the response of a living organism to the analyte over time at that particular concentration. The present invention also provides a method of using an electrochemical sensor as describe above.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于检测分析物的电化学传感器，其中电化学传感器的输出或响应在暴露于分析物时接近生物体的剂量 - 反应行为。 电化学传感器包括壳体，其中包括入口以允许分析物进入壳体。 电化学传感器还包括至少第一电极和壳体内的第二电极。 通过存在于壳体内的电解质系统，在第一电极和第二电极之间保持导电性。 电化学传感器还包括与第一电极和第二电极串联电连接的电阻器。 该电阻器具有适于足够高的电阻，使得在分析物的特定浓度下随时间的电化学传感器的输出在特定浓度下近似于随着时间的生物体对分析物的响应。 本发明还提供如上所述使用电化学传感器的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4010043A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-01
申请号：US666161
申请日：1976-03-12
申请人： Alan A. Schneider
发明人： Alan A. Schneider
CPC分类号： H01M2/0202 , H01M6/182 , Y10T29/49002
摘要： A lithium iodine primary cell is provided that comprises a lithium anode encasing member having an aperture therethrough. Positioned within the anode encasing member is a cathode which consists essentially of a mixture of organic charge-transfer complex and iodine. The cathode includes a current collector having a lead portion with an insulating coating positioned through the aperture in the encasing member. Optionally, the current collector may include an insulating frame around its periphery to prevent electrical contact with the anode. A lithium iodide electrolyte is coextensively positioned between and in contact with the inner surface of the encasing member and the cathode.The method for making the cell includes forming a receiving vessel of lithium and positioning the cathode current collector therein. The cathode material is heated to a flowable consistency and the vessel is completely filled with the heated cathode material. The completely filled vessel is chilled to a temperature sufficient to solidify the heated material; and, while in the solidified state, the vessel is sealed by positioning a lithium cap on the solidified material and cold welding the cap under pressure to the receiving vessel to form the lithium anode encasing member. Second and third redundant encasements are effected by placing a thin layer of iodine-resistant cement and an outer layer of iodine resistant film (preferably a fluoropolymer), respectively, over the receiving vessel. These encasements provide additional electrical insulation from a hermetically sealed outer metal case finally positioned over the assembly.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种锂碘原子电池，其包括具有穿过其中的孔的锂阳极封装构件。 位于阳极封装构件内的是阴极，其基本上由有机电荷转移络合物和碘的混合物组成。 阴极包括具有引线部分的集电器，引线部分具有通过封装构件中的孔定位的绝缘涂层。 可选地，集电器可以围绕其周边包括绝缘框架，以防止与阳极的电接触。 碘化锂电解质共同定位在封装构件和阴极的内表面之间并与之接触。
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公开(公告)号：US4797180A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-10
申请号：US58134
申请日：1987-06-04
IPC分类号： G01N27/49
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： The present invention is for an electrochemical cell and method for quantitatively detecting noxious gas which comprises a first working electrode comprising a gas diffusion membrane having bonded thereto a catalytic portion electrochemically reactive with the noxious gas; a second working electrode having electrochemical activity with the oxidation/reduction products produced at the first working electrode; a counter electrode; a reference electrode; an electrolyte; means for containing said electrolyte and said electrodes; means for maintaining a fixed potential on said first working electrode relative to said reference electrode of from about 1.0 to 1.8 volts with respect to the potential of the reversible hydrogen couple of the electrolyte of the cell; and means for maintaining a fixed potential on said second working electrode relative to said reference electrode of from about 1.0 to 2.2 volts with respect to the potential of the reversible hydrogen couple of the electrolyte of the cell, the fixed potential on said working electrode being maintained at a voltage higher than the fixed potential being maintained on said first working electrode.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于定量检测有害气体的电化学电池和方法，该电化学电池和方法包括：第一工作电极，包括具有与有毒气体电化学反应的催化部分结合的气体扩散膜; 具有在第一工作电极处产生的氧化/还原产物的电化学活性的第二工作电极; 对电极 参考电极; 电解液 用于容纳所述电解质和所述电极的装置; 相对于电池的电解质的可逆氢键的电位，使相对于所述参考电极在所述第一工作电极上保持固定电位为约1.0至1.8伏特的装置; 以及用于相对于所述电极的电解质的可逆氢键的电位将所述第二工作电极相对于所述参考电极维持固定电位为约1.0至2.2伏的装置，所述工作电极上的固定电位被维持 在比所述固定电位高的电压下保持在所述第一工作电极上。
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公开(公告)号：US4184937A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-22
申请号：US973204
申请日：1978-12-26
IPC分类号： G01N27/416 , G01N27/49 , G01N27/46
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： An electrochemical cell for the detection of chlorine which includes a gold working electrode and a counter electrode, with or without a reference electrode, comprising either gold or platinum black which operate in a substantially non-aqueous electrolyte consisting preferably of lithium perchlorate dissolved in an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of .gamma.-butyrolactone and propylene carbonate. A fixed potential is maintained between the working electrode and a referenced air electrode of between +500 to -700 mv, and, preferably, between -100 to -150 mv.
摘要翻译： 用于检测氯的电化学电池，其包括金工作电极和对电极，具有或不具有参比电极，包括金或铂黑，其操作在基本上非水电解质中，所述电解质优选溶解在有机物中的高氯酸锂 选自γ-丁内酯和碳酸丙烯酯的溶剂。 工作电极和参考空气电极之间的固定电位保持在+500至-700mv之间，优选在-100至-150mv之间。
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公开(公告)号：US4072803A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-07
申请号：US716339
申请日：1976-08-20
申请人： Alan A. Schneider
发明人： Alan A. Schneider
CPC分类号： H01M6/182 , Y10T29/4911
摘要： The invention comprises a lithium-halide battery in which the cathode and anode leads are embedded within the lithium anode encasing member and said method comprise folding a lithium sheet to form a lithium vessel as the anode encassing member so as to embed the cathode lead throughout a substantial portion thereof and for making batteries of various sizes using the same mold.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括其中阴极和阳极引线嵌入在锂阳极封装构件内的卤化锂电池，并且所述方法包括折叠锂片以形成锂容器作为阳极包围构件，以将阴极引线整体覆盖 并且使用相同的模具制造各种尺寸的电池。
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公开(公告)号：US5667653A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-16
申请号：US616689
申请日：1996-03-15
CPC分类号： G01N27/404 , G01N27/4045
摘要： The present invention provides a low-cost alternative to currently available electrochemical sensors. In general, the present invention provides an electrochemical sensor for the detection of an analyte comprising a first metallic housing member and a second metallic housing member. The first metallic housing member and the second metallic housing member are brought together in sealed connection to create a sealed enclosure therebetween. Contained within the enclosure are a first electrode, at which the analyte reacts, and a second electrode, at which a reaction complimentary to the reaction of the analyte at the first electrode takes place. An acidic electrolyte is also contained within the enclosure of the first metallic housing member and the second metallic housing member.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了当前可用的电化学传感器的低成本替代方案。 通常，本发明提供了用于检测包括第一金属外壳构件和第二金属外壳构件的分析物的电化学传感器。 第一金属外壳构件和第二金属外壳构件被密封连接在一起以在它们之间形成密封的外壳。 包含在外壳内的是分析物反应的第一电极和在第一电极发生与分析物的反应相互作用的反应的第二电极。 酸性电解质也包含在第一金属壳体构件和第二金属壳体构件的外壳内。
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公开(公告)号：US5338429A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-16
申请号：US027044
申请日：1993-03-05
IPC分类号： G01N27/416 , G01N27/49 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： A compact electrochemical gas sensor for detecting toxic gases is described which utilizes a fluted electrically-conducting feedthrough for making the electrical connection from outside the sensor with each electrode inside the sensor. Utilization of the fluted electrically-conducting feedthroughs significantly reduces the number of parts needed to make the sensor as well as reduces the likelihood of electrolyte leakage from the sensor. Additionally, the electrochemical toxic gas sensor may use a gas permeable membrane instead of a gas porous membrane.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于检测有毒气体的紧凑型电化学气体传感器，其利用带槽纹的导电馈通用于从传感器外部进行电连接，每个电极位于传感器内部。 槽纹导电馈通的使用显着减少了制造传感器所需的部件数量，并降低了电解液从传感器泄漏的可能性。 此外，电化学有毒气体传感器可以使用透气膜而不是气体多孔膜。
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公开(公告)号：US4148975A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-10
申请号：US892655
申请日：1978-04-03
摘要： An improved lithium iodine battery, depolarizer therefor and method of making same in which the depolarizer comprises a pelletized particulate mixture of iodine, an organic polymer of either poly-2-vinylpyridine or poly-2-vinylquinoline and a charge transfer complex consisting of the selected organic polymer and iodine wherein the mixture contains from 3 to 30 parts of iodine for each part of total organic.
摘要翻译： 改进的锂碘电池及其去极化剂及其制造方法，其中去极化剂包括碘的颗粒状颗粒混合物，聚-2-乙烯基吡啶或聚-2-乙烯基喹啉的有机聚合物和由所选择的电荷转移络合物组成的电荷转移络合物 有机聚合物和碘，其中混合物对于总有机物的每一部分含有3至30份碘。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5495747A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-05
申请号：US315709
申请日：1994-09-30
CPC分类号： G01N27/16
摘要： A gas detection device is provided comprising an exterior housing in which an active pelement and a compensating pelement are disposed. The gas detection device further comprises a porous frit seated within a distal end of the exterior housing to separate the active pelement and the compensating pelement from the surrounding environment. The porous frit is adapted to prevent flashback into the surrounding environment while allowing movement of environmental gas through the porous frit to contact the active pelement and the compensating pelement. The gas detection device further comprises a flow guide for directing flow of environmental gas into the gas detection device disposed adjacent the exterior side of the porous frit. The flow guide comprises an inlet port through which a forced flow of environmental gas is pumped to pass through the porous frit and into the exterior housing in a direction generally parallel to the axis of the exterior housing. The flow guide also comprises an outlet port through which gas may exit the exterior housing. A gas detection device is also provided in which the electrical resistance of the compensating pelement is measured to determine concentration of combustible gas at combustible gas concentration levels above a predetermined concentration level set equal to the LEL (Lower Explosive Limit). The gas detection comprises a circuit for reducing current passing through the active pelement when the gas detection device is being used above the predetermined concentration level.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种气体检测装置，其包括外部壳体，其中设置有活动毛发和补偿毛发。 气体检测装置还包括位于外部壳体的远端内的多孔玻璃料，以将活动砂浆和补偿颗粒与周围环境分离。 多孔玻璃料适于防止回流到周围环境中，同时允许环境气体通过多孔玻璃料移动以接触活性孔和补偿层。 气体检测装置还包括用于将环境气体流引导到邻近多孔玻璃料的外侧设置的气体检测装置中的流动引导件。 流动引导件包括入口端口，通过该入口泵送环境气体的强制流通过多孔玻璃料并沿大致平行于外部壳体的轴线的方向进入外部壳体。 流动引导件还包括出口，气体可以通过该出口离开外部壳体。 还提供一种气体检测装置，其中测量补偿孔的电阻以确定可燃气体浓度水平之上的可燃气体的浓度高于设定为等于LEL（较低爆炸极限）的预定浓度水平。 当气体检测装置被使用高于预定浓度水平时，气体检测器包括用于减少通过活性孔的电流的电路。
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