公开(公告)号：US5282255A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-25

申请号：US717214

申请日：1991-06-17

申请人： Alan C. Bovik ,  Dapang Chen

发明人： Alan C. Bovik ,  Dapang Chen

IPC分类号： G06T9/00 ,  H04N1/41 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/28 ,  G06K9/36 ,  G06K9/46 ,  H04N7/12

CPC分类号： H04N19/94 ,  H04N19/98 ,  H04N19/13 ,  H04N19/60 ,  H04N19/91

摘要： An improved method for coding and decoding still or moving visual pattern images by partitioning images into blocks or cubes, respectively, and coding each image separately according to visually significant responses of the human eye. Coding is achieved by calculating and subtracting a mean intensity value from digital numbers within each block or cube and detecting visually perceivable edge locations within the resultant residual sub-image. If a visually perceivable edge is contained within the block or cube, gradient magnitude and orientation at opposing sides of the edge within each edge block or cube are calculated and appropriately coded. If no perceivable edge is contained within the block or cube, the sub-image is coded as a uniform intensity block. Decoding requires receiving coded mean intensity value, gradient magnitude and pattern code, and then decoding a combination of these three indicia to be arranged in an orientation substantially similar to the original digital image or original sequence of digital images. Coding and decoding can be accomplished in a hierarchical pattern. Further, hierarchical processing can be programmably manipulated according to user-defined criteria.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的方法，用于分别将图像分割成块或多维数据块，依次或者移动视觉图形图像进行编码和解码，并根据人眼视觉上的显着响应分别对每个图像进行编码。 通过从每个块或多维数据集中的数字数字计算和减去平均强度值来实现编码，并且在所得残留子图像内检测视觉上可感知的边缘位置。 如果视觉上可感知的边缘包含在块或立方体内，则计算并适当地编码每个边缘块或立方体内的边缘的相对侧处的梯度大小和取向。 如果在块或立方体内没有包含可感知的边缘，则子图像被编码为均匀的强度块。 解码需要接收经编码的平均强度值，梯度幅度和图案码，然后对这三个标记的组合进行解码，以便以与原始数字图像或原始数字图像序列基本相似的方向排列。 编码和解码可以以分层模式完成。 此外，可以根据用户定义的标准可编程地操作分层处理。

公开(公告)号：US5144688A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-01

申请号：US498587

申请日：1990-03-23

申请人： Alan C. Bovir ,  Dapang Chen

发明人： Alan C. Bovir ,  Dapang Chen

IPC分类号： G06T9/00 ,  H04N1/41 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/28

CPC分类号： H04N19/94 ,  H04N19/98 ,  H04N19/13 ,  H04N19/60 ,  H04N19/91

摘要： An improved method for coding and decoding digital images by partitioning images into blocks and coding each image separately according to visually significant responses of the human eye. Coding is achieved by calculating and subtracting a mean intensity value from digital numbers within each block or partition and detecting visually perceivable edge locations within the resultant residual image block. If a visually perceivable edge is contained within the block, gradient magnitude and orientation at opposing sides of the edge within each edge block are calculated and appropriately coded. If no perceivable edge is contained within the block, the block is coded as a uniform intensity block. Decoding requires receiving coded mean intensity value, gradient magnitude and pattern code, and then decoding a combination of these three indicia to be arranged in an orientation substantially similar to the original digital image.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的方法，用于通过将图像分割成块并且根据人眼的视觉显着响应分开编码每个图像来对数字图像进行编码和解码。 通过从每个块或分区内的数字值计算和减去平均强度值并检测所得到的残差图像块内的视觉上可感知的边缘位置来实现编码。 如果视觉上可感知的边缘包含在块内，则计算每个边缘块内的边缘的相对侧处的梯度大小和取向并适当地编码。 如果块内不包含可感知的边缘，则块被编码为均匀的强度块。 解码需要接收经编码的平均强度值，梯度幅度和图案码，然后对这三个标记的组合进行解码，以便以与原始数字图像基本相似的方向排列。

公开(公告)号：US6081751A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-27

申请号：US54556

申请日：1998-04-03

申请人： Rongfu Luo ,  S. Joe Qin ,  Dapang Chen

发明人： Rongfu Luo ,  S. Joe Qin ,  Dapang Chen

IPC分类号： G05B11/42 ,  G05B11/36

CPC分类号： G05B11/42

摘要： A system and method for automatically tuning a PID controller resident within a PID control loop. The PID control loop includes a PID controller and a process. The process supplies a process variable which is compared to the loop input. The result of the comparison is supplied to the PID controller, and the PID controller drives the process. A relay is applied to the loop input. The relay compares a set point value to the process variable. If the set point value is greater than the process variable, the relay drives the loop input with a first amplitude value. If the set point value is less than the process variable, the relay drives the loop input with a second amplitude value. In response to the set point relay, the process variable develops a sustained oscillation. The period and amplitude of the sustained oscillation are measured. A new set of PID controller parameters are calculated from the period and amplitude of sustained oscillation. In particular, the oscillation period and amplitude are used to calculated a time constant and dead time for a standard process model. The time constant and dead time are used to calculate the new PID controller parameters either (a) directly through the formulae associated with the Ziegler-Nichols reaction curve method, or (b) through the intermediate step of calculating an ultimate period and frequency from the time constant and deadtime.

摘要翻译： 用于自动调节驻留在PID控制回路内的PID控制器的系统和方法。 PID控制回路包括PID控制器和过程。 该过程提供与循环输入进行比较的过程变量。 比较结果提供给PID控制器，PID控制器驱动该过程。 继电器应用于回路输入。 继电器将设定值与过程变量进行比较。 如果设定值大于过程变量，则继电器以第一个振幅值驱动回路输入。 如果设定值小于过程变量，则继电器以第二个振幅值驱动回路输入。 响应设定点继电器，过程变量产生持续振荡。 测量持续振荡的周期和幅度。 从持续振荡的周期和幅度计算出一组新的PID控制器参数。 特别地，振荡周期和振幅用于计算标准过程模型的时间常数和死区时间。 时间常数和死区时间用于计算新的PID控制器参数，（a）直接通过与齐格勒 - 尼科尔斯反应曲线法相关的公式，或（b）通过计算最终周期和频率的中间步骤 时间常数和死时间。

公开(公告)号：US5353233A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-04

申请号：US851725

申请日：1992-03-17

申请人： Shie Oian ,  Dapang Chen

发明人： Shie Oian ,  Dapang Chen

IPC分类号： G01R23/16 ,  G06F15/31

CPC分类号： G01R23/16

摘要： A signal analyzer generates a time varying spectrum for input signals characterized by frequency components which change in time. The signal analyzer includes a converter generating a sequence of digital signals representative of an input signal. The sequence of digital signals is supplied to a digital signal processor which computes orthogonal-like discrete Gabor transform coefficients C.sub.m,n in response to the sequence, and a time varying spectrum of the input signal energy in response to the coefficients. Finally, a data processor processes the spectrum for further analysis or display. One particular analysis step for which the time varying spectrum is useful is in partitioning the input signal into separate components. The orthogonal-like discrete Gabor transform coefficients are computed using a non-periodic, localized discrete window function h and a discrete auxiliary function .gamma., similar to h. The time varying spectrum is computed utilizing a cross-term deleted Wigner-Ville distribution.

摘要翻译： 信号分析仪为输入信号生成时变频谱，其特征在于频率分量随时间变化。 信号分析器包括产生表示输入信号的数字信号序列的转换器。 数字信号的序列被提供给数字信号处理器，该数字信号处理器响应于该序列计算正交样离散Gabor变换系数Cm，n，以及响应于系数的输入信号能量的时变谱。 最后，数据处理器处理光谱进行进一步分析或显示。 时变频谱有用的一个特定分析步骤是将输入信号分成单独的组件。 使用类似于h的非周期性，局部离散窗函数h和离散辅助函数γ来计算正交样离散Gabor变换系数。 使用交叉项删除的Wigner-Ville分布来计算时变谱。