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1.发明授权Method of making holes in the soil and apparatus for performing this method 失效在土壤中制作孔的方法和用于执行该方法的装置
公开(公告)号：US4440240A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-03
申请号：US264684
申请日：1981-05-18
申请人： Alexandr D. Kostylev , Vladimir P. Gileta , Vladimir A. Grigoraschenko , Khaim B. Tkach , Vladimir A. Bakunin , Valery Y. Frenkel , Valery A. Kozlov , Jury B. Reifisov , Nikolai P. Chepurnoi , Mikhail J. Bondar , Vladimir F. Drobyazko , Stanislav B. Stazhevsky , Gerald I. Ratskevich , Alexandr A. Fedorov , Anatoly S. Polyakov , Leonid M. Bobylev , Evgeny N. Tsvetkov , Anatoly M. Petreev
发明人： Alexandr D. Kostylev , Vladimir P. Gileta , Vladimir A. Grigoraschenko , Khaim B. Tkach , Vladimir A. Bakunin , Valery Y. Frenkel , Valery A. Kozlov , Jury B. Reifisov , Nikolai P. Chepurnoi , Mikhail J. Bondar , Vladimir F. Drobyazko , Stanislav B. Stazhevsky , Gerald I. Ratskevich , Alexandr A. Fedorov , Anatoly S. Polyakov , Leonid M. Bobylev , Evgeny N. Tsvetkov , Anatoly M. Petreev
摘要： The method of making holes in the soil includes driving a capsule into theoil by percussive action and filling the capsule with the soil. Then the driving of the capsule into the soil by percussive action is continued, with the soil passing therethrough. The capsule is then withdrawn from the hole, and the soil that has passed through the capsule is also removed from the hole, whereafter the soil is removed from the capsule itself. The apparatus for making holes, performing the disclosed method, comprises a capsule capable of receiving the soil therein, having an open soil intake end, its opposite end being a partly open one. The capsule incorporates a percussive mechanism.
摘要翻译： 在土壤中形成孔的方法包括通过冲击作用将胶囊推入土壤，并用土壤填充胶囊。 然后继续通过冲击作用将胶囊推入土壤，土壤通过。 然后将胶囊从孔中取出，并且已经通过胶囊的土壤也从孔中除去，之后将土壤从胶囊本身中取出。 用于制造孔的装置，执行所公开的方法，包括能够接收其中的污物的胶囊，具有开放的土壤进入端，其相对端是部分敞开的。 胶囊包含冲击机制。
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2.发明授权Method of emptying pipes driven into earth in nontrench laying and device for carrying same into effect 失效在非穿孔铺设中排入地下的管道的排空方法和使其运载的装置
公开(公告)号：US4369002A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-18
申请号：US228277
申请日：1981-01-26
申请人： Alexandr D. Kostylev , Vladimir P. Gileta , Vladimir A. Grigoraschenko , Khaim B. Tkach , Valery A. Kozlov , Anatoly V. Sukhushin , Vladimir A. Bakunin , Mikhall J. Bondar
发明人： Alexandr D. Kostylev , Vladimir P. Gileta , Vladimir A. Grigoraschenko , Khaim B. Tkach , Valery A. Kozlov , Anatoly V. Sukhushin , Vladimir A. Bakunin , Mikhall J. Bondar
摘要： A method of emptying pipes driven into earth in nontrench laying is disclosed, wherein spoil is dug and picked up in the process of movement of a working element by vibratory shock loads, a spoil cushion is simultaneously formed in the pipe for the purpose of taking up reaction loads set up by the movement of the working element, the direction of the vibratory shock loads is reversed after a spoil load is picked up, and the spoil cushion is removed upon completion of the pipe emptying cycles. A device for carrying this method into effect comprises a working element which has a means for retaining the spoil load during withdrawal thereof and is constructed as a barrel, the blind end of which is rigidly connected with a reversible pneumatic hammer, and a chamfer being provided on the open end of the barrel, on the outer surface thereof nearest to the pipe bottom. The angle of the chamfer to the pipe bottom is chosen so as to enable the barrel to form, during the movement thereof, the spoil cushion for the purpose of taking up reaction loads set up by the barrel movement.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在非穿孔铺设中排入地下的管道的方法，其中通过振动冲击载荷在工作元件的移动过程中挖出并拾起破坏物，同时在管道中形成破坏垫，用于卷取 通过工作元件的运动而建立的反作用载荷，在拾取弃土负荷后，振动冲击载荷的方向相反，并且在排空循环完成后，将废弃物衬垫取下。 用于实施该方法的装置包括：工作元件，其具有用于在其退出期间保持破坏负载的装置，并且被构造为桶，其盲端刚性地连接有可逆气锤，并且设置有倒角 在桶的开口端上，最靠近管底的外表面上。 选择倒角与管底的角度，以便使桶在其移动过程中形成用于承受桶运动所建立的反作用负荷的破坏垫。
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公开(公告)号：US4171727A
公开(公告)日：1979-10-23
申请号：US804269
申请日：1977-06-07
申请人： Khaim B. Tkach , Alexandr D. Kostylev , Vladimir M. Terin , Konstantin B. Skachkov , Alexei D. Terskov , Mikhail J. Bondar , Vladimir F. Drobyazko
发明人： Khaim B. Tkach , Alexandr D. Kostylev , Vladimir M. Terin , Konstantin B. Skachkov , Alexei D. Terskov , Mikhail J. Bondar , Vladimir F. Drobyazko
CPC分类号： E21B7/26
摘要： A reversible ground perforating device powered by a gaseous medium under ssure, comprising a hollow cylindrical body with a pointed front end. The body accommodates a hammer adapted to reciprocate therein. A front power chamber of variable volume is formed by the hammer in the body. The rear end of the hammer has a cylindrical hollow which forms a rear power chamber of variable volume. The power chambers are interconnected by means of ports provided in the hammer. A stepped cylindrical barrel is located inside the cylindrical hollow in the hammer and coaxially therewith. The barrel is secured in the rear end of the body and the large-diameter portion of the barrel is arranged to interact with the hammer. The wall of the large-diameter portion of the barrel has ports. A spring-loaded stepped sleeve is mounted coaxially with the stepped barrel so that the large-diameter portion of the sleeve is adapted to cover the ports in the barrel. The space between the large-diameter portions of the sleeve and barrel forms an annular chamber. Holes are provided in the sleeve small-diameter portion interacting with the barrel small-diameter portion. A ring is flexedly mounted in the large-diameter portion of the barrel in the front end thereof and coaxially therewith. The space between the ring, the inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the sleeve forms an auxiliary annular chamber. The annular chamber is in communication with the source of a compressed gaseous medium during forward movement of the ground perforating device, whereas the auxiliary annular chamber is in communication with this source during reverse movement of the device.
摘要翻译： 由压力下的气体介质供电的可逆地面穿孔装置，包括具有尖端前端的中空圆柱体。 主体容纳适于在其中往复运动的锤。 可变体积的前功率室由锤体形成。 锤的后端具有形成可变体积的后动力室的圆柱形中空部。 动力室通过设置在锤中的孔相互连接。 一个阶梯式圆筒体位于锤的圆柱形中空部分内并与其同轴。 筒被固定在主体的后端，并且筒的大直径部分布置成与锤相互作用。 桶的大直径部分的壁具有端口。 弹簧加载的阶梯式套筒与台阶式筒同轴地安装，使得套筒的大直径部分适于覆盖筒体中的端口。 套管和桶的大直径部分之间的空间形成环形室。 孔与筒体小直径部分相互作用的套筒小直径部分提供。 环在其前端并与其同轴地弯曲地安装在筒的大直径部分中。 环之间的空间，筒的内表面和套筒的外表面之间形成辅助环形室。 环形室在接地穿孔装置的向前运动期间与压缩气体介质的源连通，而辅助环形室在装置的反向移动期间与该源连通。
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公开(公告)号：US4181484A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-01
申请号：US879941
申请日：1978-02-17
申请人： Alexandr D. Kostylev , Konstantin S. Gurkov , Vladimir D. Plavskikh , Vladimir V. Klimashko , Leonid G. Rozhkov , Vladimir A. Grigoraschenko , Vasily V. Filippov , Lazar M. Lipovetsky , Valentin N. Ardyshev , Khaim B. Tkach
发明人： Alexandr D. Kostylev , Konstantin S. Gurkov , Vladimir D. Plavskikh , Vladimir V. Klimashko , Leonid G. Rozhkov , Vladimir A. Grigoraschenko , Vasily V. Filippov , Lazar M. Lipovetsky , Valentin N. Ardyshev , Khaim B. Tkach
IPC分类号： B28B21/42 , E21B33/138 , E21D5/04 , E21D11/10 , F16L1/038
CPC分类号： F16L1/038
摘要： Apparatus for building underground pipelines by forming a casing in a hole from a forming material which is compacted in the direction from the center of the hole towards its walls. The hole is first filled with the forming material throughout its cross-sectional area and then the material is compacted in the direction towards the walls of the hole. Compaction is effected by a device comprising a rod-shaped body adapted for moving through the hole, the front end of the body being provided with a system of radial ribs.
摘要翻译： 用于通过在从孔的中心朝向其壁的方向压实的成形材料的孔中形成壳体来建造地下管道的装置。 首先在其横截面积中填充成形材料的孔，然后将材料朝向孔的壁的方向压实。 压实由包括适于移动通过孔的杆状体的装置实现，本体的前端设置有径向肋的系统。
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公开(公告)号：US4733731A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-29
申请号：US844177
申请日：1986-02-10
申请人： Khaim B. Tkach , Alexandr D. Kostylev , Konstantin K. Tupitsyn , Mikhail J. Bondar , Vladimir I. Tarasenko , Igor I. Reznikov
发明人： Khaim B. Tkach , Alexandr D. Kostylev , Konstantin K. Tupitsyn , Mikhail J. Bondar , Vladimir I. Tarasenko , Igor I. Reznikov
CPC分类号： E21B4/145
摘要： An air-operated reversible percussive action machine comprises a housing (1) accommodating a reciprocating hammer (2). Secured inside the housing (1) is a stepped tube (5). The step of larger diameter of the tube (5) is received by a cavity (4) of the hammer (2) and has a port (12) for distributing air flow and feeding it to the interior of the housing (1). The tube (5) receives a sleeve (14) having a port (15) alternately communicable with the port (12) of the tube (5) in one of its two positions. One end face of the tube (5) has a projection (13) in the form of a sector of a circle, whereas the sleeve (14) is provided with a radial projection (16) so that in turning the sleeve (14) its projection (16) bears on one of the side walls of the projection (13) of the sleeve (5) thus assuming one of the two positions.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / SU85 / 00049 Sec。 371日期1986年2月10日 102（e）日期1986年2月10日PCT提交1985年6月20日PCT公布。 出版物WO86 / 00357 日本1986年1月16日。一种气动可逆式冲击作用机器包括容纳往复锤（2）的壳体（1）。 固定在壳体（1）内的是阶梯式管（5）。 管（5）的较大直径的台阶由锤（2）的空腔（4）容纳，并且具有用于分配空气流并将其馈送到壳体（1）的内部的端口（12）。 管（5）容纳具有在其两个位置之一中可交替地与管（5）的端口（12）连通的端口（15）的套筒（14）。 管（5）的一个端面具有呈扇形扇形的突起（13），而套筒（14）设置有径向突起（16），从而使套筒（14）转动 突起（16）承载在套筒（5）的突起（13）的一个侧壁上，从而承担两个位置之一。
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公开(公告)号：US4088720A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-09
申请号：US669462
申请日：1976-03-22
申请人： Alexandr D. Kostvlev , Konstantin S. Gurkov , Vladimir D. Plavskikh , Vladimir V. Klimashko , Leonid G. Rozhkov , Vladimir A. Grigoraschenko , Vasily V. Filippov , Lazar M. Lipovetsky , Valentin N. Ardyshev , Khaim B. Tkach
发明人： Alexandr D. Kostvlev , Konstantin S. Gurkov , Vladimir D. Plavskikh , Vladimir V. Klimashko , Leonid G. Rozhkov , Vladimir A. Grigoraschenko , Vasily V. Filippov , Lazar M. Lipovetsky , Valentin N. Ardyshev , Khaim B. Tkach
IPC分类号： B63B35/04 , F16L1/028 , F16L1/038 , F16L55/16 , F16L55/1645
CPC分类号： F16L1/038 , F16L55/16455
摘要： A method of building underground pipelines by forming a casing in a hole from a forming material which is compacted in the direction from the center of the hole toward its walls. The hole is first filled with the forming material throughout its cross-sectional area and then the material is compacted in the direction towards the walls of the hole. Compaction is effected by a device comprising a rod-shaped body adapted for moving through the hole, the front end of the body being provided with a system of radial ribs.
摘要翻译： 通过在从孔的中心朝向其壁的方向压实的成形材料的孔中形成壳体而构建地下管道的方法。 首先在其横截面积中填充成形材料的孔，然后将材料朝向孔的壁的方向压实。 压实由包括适于移动通过孔的杆状体的装置实现，本体的前端设置有径向肋的系统。
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7.发明授权Method of controlling the reversing of a device for driving holes in earth and device for performing same 失效用于控制用于驱动地球中的孔的装置的反转的控制方法和用于执行其的装置
公开(公告)号：US4214638A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-29
申请号：US878414
申请日：1978-02-16
申请人： Boris V. Sudnishnikov , Khaim B. Tkach , Alexandr D. Kostylev , Veniamin V. Kamensky , Konstantin K. Tupitsyn , Vladimir M. Terin
发明人： Boris V. Sudnishnikov , Khaim B. Tkach , Alexandr D. Kostylev , Veniamin V. Kamensky , Konstantin K. Tupitsyn , Vladimir M. Terin
摘要： A percussive device operable in a forward mode for making a hole in soil and operable in a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole. The device is provided with control means that change the mode of operation alternatively under control of a valve that turns air pressure on and off in a supply or feed line to the device. When the air is turned off from the device the valve establishes connection to an aspirator for establishing a suction condition to the device that will reverse the mode so that upon turning on of air back to the device will make it operate in the changed-over mode.
摘要翻译： 一种冲击装置，其可在正向模式下操作，用于在土壤中形成孔并且可以以相反的方式操作以将装置从孔中缩回。 该装置设置有控制装置，该控制装置在阀的控制下交替地改变操作模式，该阀将供应或进料管线中的空气压力打开和关闭到装置。 当空气从设备关闭时，阀门建立与吸气器的连接，用于建立对设备的吸入状态，该设备将反转模式，使得在打开返回设备的空气将使其在转换模式下操作 。
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公开(公告)号：US4159040A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-26
申请号：US840484
申请日：1977-10-07
摘要： A distinguishing feature of the present invention consists in that the menism for driving in rod-shaped elements into compact or frozen ground comprises a guide tube to accommodate said rod-shaped element. The tube extends throughout the length of the shell and is secured in the extension and the front portion of said shell, coaxially with the stepped ram and the shell. The outer surface of said guide tube contacts the inner surface of the axial hole in the stepped ram and has at least one channel which puts the rear and front working chambers in communication with each other when the stepped ram is in the foremost position, while the front portion of the shell is provided with a rigidly secured clamp for holding the rod-shaped element.
摘要翻译： 本发明的一个突出特征在于，将棒状元件驱动到紧凑或冻结地面中的机构包括一个容纳所述杆状元件的导管。 管延伸穿过壳体的整个长度并且固定在所述壳体的延伸部分和前部中，与阶梯式压头和壳体同轴。 所述引导管的外表面与阶梯式压头中的轴向孔的内表面接触，并且具有至少一个通道，当通过阶梯式压头位于最前端位置时，该通道将后工作室与前工作室相互连通， 壳体的前部设置有用于保持杆状元件的刚性固定的夹具。
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公开(公告)号：US4132277A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-02
申请号：US838733
申请日：1977-10-03
申请人： Konstantin K. Tupitsyn , Evgeny N. Cherednikov , Alexandr D. Kostylev , Vladimir D. Plavskikh , Vladimir V. Klimashko , Khaim B. Tkach , Andron T. Karavaev
发明人： Konstantin K. Tupitsyn , Evgeny N. Cherednikov , Alexandr D. Kostylev , Vladimir D. Plavskikh , Vladimir V. Klimashko , Khaim B. Tkach , Andron T. Karavaev
CPC分类号： E21B4/145
摘要： The device comprises a hollow cylindrical body, pointed front at its end which device accommodates a striker forming the front working chamber in said body, and has a cylindrical space at its rear end. Said space receives an air-distributing and reversing mechanism, thus forming the rear working chamber. The air-distributing and reversing mechanism has a bushing which is fixed relative to the body, and an axially movable bushing, both bushings being arranged coaxially, spring-loaded in the axial direction relative to each other, and forming a chamber located in the front part of said mechanism, with the chamber communicating with a source of compressed air and intended to move the movable bushing during reversal of the device. The side wall of the movable bushing has a through hole and a longitudinal external recess, both made in such a manner that during the forward travel of the device the through hole places the chamber formed by the bushings in communication with the source of compressed air while during the backward travel the through hole is covered by the fixed bushing and the chamber formed by the bushings communicates with the atmosphere through the external longitudinal recess.
摘要翻译： 该装置包括中空圆柱体，其末端指向前部，该装置容纳在所述主体中形成前工作室的撞针，并在其后端具有圆柱形空间。 所述空间接收空气分配和反向机构，从而形成后工作室。 空气分配和反向机构具有相对于主体固定的衬套和可轴向移动的衬套，两个衬套同轴地布置，在轴向方向上相对于彼此弹簧加载，并形成位于前部的腔室 所述机构的一部分，其中腔室与压缩空气源连通并且旨在在装置反向期间移动可移动衬套。 可移动衬套的侧壁具有通孔和纵向外部凹部，两者均以这样的方式制造，使得在装置的向前行进期间，通孔将由衬套形成的腔室与压缩空气源连通， 在向后行进期间，通孔由固定衬套覆盖，并且由衬套形成的室通过外部纵向凹槽与大气连通。
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