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公开(公告)号：US4123328A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-31
申请号：US723482
申请日：1976-09-15
摘要： Increases in reactivity can be obtained in thermal and epithermal reactors by utilization of heavy elements in selected locations in the reactors. These increases can result in economic gains, for example, in reduction in the amounts of heavy water needed in heavy water moderated reactors and in reduction of the enrichment needed in light water reactors. A number of examples are provided of advantageous use of the heavy elements in specific reactor embodiments.
摘要翻译： 在热反应堆和超热反应堆中，通过在反应器的选定位置利用重元素可以获得反应活性的增加。 这些增加可能导致经济增长，例如减少重水慢化反应堆所需的重水量，减少轻水反应堆所需的浓缩。 在特定反应器实施方案中提供了许多实施例的重元素的有利用途。
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公开(公告)号：US4273613A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-16
申请号：US945897
申请日：1978-09-26
申请人： Alvin Radkowsky
发明人： Alvin Radkowsky
IPC分类号： G21C19/20
CPC分类号： G21C19/205
摘要： A method of operating a heavy-water moderated nuclear reactor is described enabling a significant portion of the total core power to be derived from burning natural thorium rather than uranium. In the novel method, interior rod positions of the fuel rod clusters are refueled with thorium-containing rod segments to irradiate the thorium until its multiplication factor is built up to about that of natural uranium, and then the irradiated thorium-containing rod segments are removed from the interior rod positions of the cluster and are utilized to refuel exterior rod positions of the cluster. Also described is a nuclear reactor construction wherein the fuel cluster segments have a mechanical fastener arrangement permitting the quick attachment and detachment of the rod segments within the cluster, thereby facilitating the above refueling procedure.
摘要翻译： 描述了操作重水慢化核反应堆的方法，使得能够从燃烧天然钍而不是铀获得总核能力的很大一部分。 在新颖的方法中，燃料棒簇的内部杆位置用含钍的杆段加油以照射钍，直到其倍增系数达到天然铀的倍数为止，然后将经辐射的含钍棒段去除 并且用于对集群的外部杆位置进行加油。 还描述了一种核反应堆结构，其中燃料簇段具有机械紧固装置，其允许杆段快速附接和分离在簇内，从而便于上述加油程序。
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公开(公告)号：US6026136A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US273279
申请日：1999-03-22
申请人： Alvin Radkowsky
发明人： Alvin Radkowsky
IPC分类号： G21C5/12 , G21C1/00 , G21C1/02 , G21C1/06 , G21C1/08 , G21C3/00 , G21C3/326 , G21C3/328 , G21C5/02 , G21C5/18 , G21C5/20 , G21G1/06 , G21C7/30
CPC分类号： G21C1/024 , G21C1/06 , G21C1/08 , G21C3/328 , G21C5/02 , G21Y2002/304 , G21Y2002/50 , G21Y2002/60 , G21Y2002/601 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , G21Y2004/60 , Y02E30/34 , Y02E30/38
摘要： Seed-blanket type nuclear reactor cores are employed to burn thorium fuel with conventional reactor fuels, including nonproliferative enriched uranium, and weapons or reactor grade plutonium. In a first embodiment, the core is completely nonproliferative in that neither the reactor fuel, nor the generated waste material, can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. In a second embodiment of the invention, the core is employed to burn large amounts of weapons grade plutonium with the thorium, and provides a convenient mechanism by which stockpiled weapons grade plutonium can be destroyed and converted into electrical energy. The cores of both embodiments are comprised of a plurality of seed-blanket unit fuel assemblies which have centrally located seed regions that are surrounded by annular blanket regions. The seed regions contain the uranium or plutonium fuel rods, while the blanket regions contain thorium fuel rods. The moderator/fuel volume ratios and relative sizes of the seed and blanket regions are optimized so that neither embodiment generates waste materials that can be employed for manufacturing nuclear weapons. A novel refueling scheme is also employed with the first embodiment to maximize seed fuel utilization, and further insure that the spent fuel cannot be employed for manufacturing nuclear weapons.
摘要翻译： 种子毯式核反应堆核心用于用常规反应堆燃料（包括非增殖型浓缩铀）和武器或反应堆级钚来燃烧钍燃料。 在第一个实施方案中，核是完全非增白的，因为反应堆燃料和生成的废物都不能用于制造核武器。 在本发明的第二实施例中，核心用于用钍燃烧大量的武器级钚，并且提供了一种方便的机制，通过该机制储存武器级钚可以被破坏并转换成电能。 两个实施例的核心包括多个种子毯单元燃料组件，其具有由环形覆盖区域包围的位于中心的种子区域。 种子区域包含铀或钚燃料棒，而覆盖区域包含钍燃料棒。 优化了种子和覆盖区域的调节剂/燃料体积比和相对尺寸，使得这两个实施方案都不产生可用于制造核武器的废料。 第一实施例也采用了一种新颖的加油方案，以最大化种子燃料利用率，并进一步确保废燃料不能用于制造核武器。
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公开(公告)号：US5864593A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-26
申请号：US18472
申请日：1998-02-04
申请人： Alvin Radkowsky
发明人： Alvin Radkowsky
IPC分类号： G21C5/12 , G21C1/00 , G21C1/02 , G21C1/06 , G21C1/08 , G21C3/00 , G21C3/326 , G21C3/328 , G21C5/02 , G21C5/18 , G21C5/20
CPC分类号： G21C1/024 , G21C1/06 , G21C1/08 , G21C3/328 , G21C5/02 , G21Y2002/304 , G21Y2002/50 , G21Y2002/60 , G21Y2002/601 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , G21Y2004/60 , Y02E30/34 , Y02E30/38
摘要： Seed-blanket type nuclear reactor cores (10,100) are employed to burn thorium fuel with conventional reactor fuels, including nonproliferative enriched uranium, and weapons or reactor grade plutonium. In a first embodiment, the core (10) is completely nonproliferative in that neither the reactor fuel, nor the generated waste material, can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. In a second embodiment of the invention, the core (100) is employed to burn large amounts of weapons grade plutonium with the thorium, and provides a convenient mechanism by which stockpiled weapons grade plutonium can be destroyed and converted into electrical energy. The cores of both embodiments are comprised of a plurality of seed-blanket units (12, 102) which have centrally located seed regions (18,104) that are surrounded by annular blanket regions (20,106). The seed regions contain the uranium or plutonium fuel rods (22,110), while the blanket regions contain thorium fuel rods (26,118). The moderator/fuel volume ratios and relative sizes of the seed and blanket regions are optimized so that neither embodiment generates waste materials that can be employed for manufacturing nuclear weapons. A novel refueling scheme is also employed with the first embodiment to maximize seed fuel utilization, and further insure that the spent fuel cannot be employed for manufacturing nuclear weapons.
摘要翻译： 使用种子毯式核反应堆核（10,100）用常规反应堆燃料（包括非增殖型浓缩铀）和武器或反应堆级钚来燃烧钍燃料。 在第一实施例中，核（10）完全不增殖，因为反应堆燃料和生成的废料都不能用于制造核武器。 在本发明的第二个实施例中，核心（100）用于用钍燃烧大量的武器级钚，并且提供了一种方便的机制，通过这种机制可以销毁储存的武器级钚并转换成电能。 两个实施例的核心由多个种子覆盖单元（12,102）组成，其具有居中定位的种子区域（18,104），其被环形覆盖区域（20,106）包围。 种子区域包含铀或钚燃料棒（22,110），而覆盖区域包含钍燃料棒（26,118）。 优化了种子和覆盖区域的调节剂/燃料体积比和相对尺寸，使得这两个实施方案都不产生可用于制造核武器的废料。 第一实施例也采用了一种新颖的加油方案，以最大化种子燃料利用率，并进一步确保废燃料不能用于制造核武器。
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公开(公告)号：US5737375A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-07
申请号：US516130
申请日：1995-08-17
申请人： Alvin Radkowsky
发明人： Alvin Radkowsky
IPC分类号： G21C5/12 , G21C1/00 , G21C1/02 , G21C1/06 , G21C1/08 , G21C3/00 , G21C3/326 , G21C3/328 , G21C5/02 , G21C5/18 , G21C5/20
CPC分类号： G21C1/024 , G21C1/06 , G21C1/08 , G21C3/328 , G21C5/02 , G21Y2002/304 , G21Y2002/50 , G21Y2002/60 , G21Y2002/601 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , G21Y2004/60 , Y02E30/34 , Y02E30/38
摘要： Seed-blanket type nuclear reactor cores (10,100) are employed to burn thorium fuel with conventional reactor fuels, including nonproliferative enriched uranium, and weapons or reactor grade plutonium. In a first embodiment, the core (10) is completely nonproliferative in that neither the reactor fuel, nor the generated waste material, can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. In a second embodiment of the invention, the core (100) is employed to burn large amounts of weapons grade plutonium with the thorium, and provides a convenient mechanism by which stockpiled weapons grade plutonium can be destroyed and converted into electrical energy. The cores of both embodiments are comprised of a plurality of seed-blanket units (12, 102) which have centrally located seed regions (18,104) that are surrounded by annular blanket regions (20,106). The seed regions contain the uranium or plutonium fuel rods (22,110), while the blanket regions contain thorium fuel rods (26,118). The moderator/fuel volume ratios and relative sizes of the seed and blanket regions are optimized so that neither embodiment generates waste materials that can be employed for manufacturing nuclear weapons. A novel refueling scheme is also employed with the first embodiment to maximize seed fuel utilization, and further insure that the spent fuel cannot be employed for manufacturing nuclear weapons.
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公开(公告)号：US4968476A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-06
申请号：US378482
申请日：1982-05-14
申请人： Alvin Radkowsky
发明人： Alvin Radkowsky
IPC分类号： G21C1/04
CPC分类号： G21C1/04 , Y02E30/40 , Y10S376/911
摘要： A light water cooled and moderated nuclear reactor for breeding fissile material on a uranium-plutonium cycle and also a method of operating a light water cooled and moderated reactor having a prebreeder section fueled from plutonium extracted from fuel discharged by a uranium burner or converter burner core. Subsequently, the prebreeder section, together with a breeder section, operated as coupled cores or modules, becomes self-sustaining and able to breed fissile plutonium fuels at a relatively high rate of gain.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在铀 - 钚循环中培养易裂变材料的轻水冷却和调节核反应堆，以及一种操作轻水冷却和温和反应器的方法，该反应器具有从由铀燃烧器或转炉燃烧器芯排出的燃料中提取的钚燃烧的预养料部分 。 随后，饲养员部分与育种部门一起作为耦合的核心或模块运作，变得自给自足，能以相对较高的增益收养易裂变钚燃料。
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公开(公告)号：US3960655A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-01
申请号：US486786
申请日：1974-07-09
摘要： A light-water-cooled nuclear reactor capable of breeding U.sup.233 for use in a light-water breeder reactor includes physically separated regions containing U.sup.235 fissile material and U.sup.238 fertile material and Th.sup.232 fertile material and Pu.sup.239 fissile material, if available. Preferably the U.sup.235 fissile material and U.sup.238 fertile material are contained in longitudinally movable seed regions and the Pu.sup.239 fissile material and Th.sup.232 fertile material are contained in blanket regions surrounding the seed regions.
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公开(公告)号：US5949837A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-07
申请号：US018473
申请日：1998-02-04
申请人： Alvin Radkowsky
发明人： Alvin Radkowsky
IPC分类号： G21C5/12 , G21C1/00 , G21C1/02 , G21C1/06 , G21C1/08 , G21C3/00 , G21C3/326 , G21C3/328 , G21C5/02 , G21C5/18 , G21C5/20
CPC分类号： G21C1/024 , G21C1/06 , G21C1/08 , G21C3/328 , G21C5/02 , G21Y2002/304 , G21Y2002/50 , G21Y2002/60 , G21Y2002/601 , G21Y2004/10 , G21Y2004/30 , G21Y2004/40 , G21Y2004/60 , Y02E30/34 , Y02E30/38
摘要： Seed-blanket type nuclear reactor cores (10,100) are employed to burn thorium fuel with conventional reactor fuels, including nonproliferative enriched uranium, and weapons or reactor grade plutonium. In a first embodiment, the core (10) is completely nonproliferative in that neither the reactor fuel, nor the generated waste material, can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. In a second embodiment of the invention, the core (100) is employed to burn large amounts of weapons grade plutonium with the thorium, and provides a convenient mechanism by which stockpiled weapons grade plutonium can be destroyed and converted into electrical energy. The cores of both embodiments are comprised of a plurality of seed-blanket units (12, 102) which have centrally located seed regions (18,104) that are surrounded by annular blanket regions (20,106). The seed regions contain the uranium or plutonium fuel rods (22,110), while the blanket regions contain thorium fuel rods (26,118). The moderator/fuel volume ratios and relative sizes of the seed and blanket regions are optimized so that neither embodiment generates waste materials that can be employed for manufacturing nuclear weapons. A novel refueling scheme is also employed with the first embodiment to maximize seed fuel utilization, and further insure that the spent fuel cannot be employed for manufacturing nuclear weapons.
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公开(公告)号：US4678619A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-07
申请号：US37400
申请日：1979-05-07
申请人： Alvin Radkowsky
发明人： Alvin Radkowsky
CPC分类号： G21C1/00 , Y02E30/30 , Y02E30/40 , Y10S376/901
摘要： In a water-cooled nuclear reactor for producing energy and having seed and blanket zones, which reactor is cooled by pressurized water and contains fissile material of plutonium and uranium, the reactor is provided, in its seed zones and blanket zones, with a plutonium composition such as obtained from light water power plant reactors after a normal service life and recycle, and with fuel elements whose geometry in the seed and blanket zones, with respect to the coolant water, is selected to produce an epithermal neutron spectrum.
摘要翻译： 在用于生产能量并具有种子和覆盖区域的水冷核反应堆中，该反应器由加压水冷却并含有钚和铀的易裂变材料，在其种子区和覆盖区域中用钚组合物 例如在正常使用寿命和循环后从轻水发电厂反应器获得的燃料元件，以及相对于冷却水在种子和覆盖区域中的几何形状被选择以产生超热中子谱的燃料元件。
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公开(公告)号：US3998692A
公开(公告)日：1976-12-21
申请号：US638228
申请日：1975-12-08
摘要： A light-water-cooled nuclear reactor capable of breeding U.sup.233 for use in a light-water breeder reactor includes physically separated regions containing U.sup.235 fissile material and U.sup.238 fertile material and Th.sup.232 fertile material and Pu.sup.239 fissile material, if available. Preferably the U.sup.235 fissile material and U.sup.238 fertile material are contained in longitudinally movable seed regions and the Pu.sup.239 fissile material and Th.sup.232 fertile material are contained in blanket regions surrounding the seed regions.
摘要翻译： 能够在淡水养殖堆中使用的能够育种U233的轻水冷却核反应堆包括含有U235裂变材料和U238可育材料的物理分离区域，以及Th232可育材料和Pu239裂变材料（如果有的话）。 优选地，U235裂变材料和U238可育材料包含在纵向移动的种子区域中，并且Pu239裂变材料和Th232可育材料包含在种子区域周围的覆盖区域中。
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