Abstract:
An apparatus for characterizing a substructure of a semiconductor device includes a potentiostat; a counter electrode electrically connected to the potentiostat; a solid electrolyte attached to a surface of the counter electrode; a reference electrode embedded within at least a portion of the solid electrolyte and electrically connected to the potentiostat; and a probe electrically connected to the potentiostat. The solid electrolyte includes a solid porous material and an ionic liquid disposed within the solid porous material. A method of characterizing a substructure of a semiconductor device includes contacting at least a portion of a surface of the substructure of the semiconductor device with a second surface of a solid electrolyte.
Abstract:
The present invention provides compositions comprising a metal oxide electrode, a passivating agent on its surface, and a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite active layer in contact with the metal oxide electrode surface. The presence of a passivating agent on the metal oxide surface increases stability and/or photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of the electronic component comprising a composition of the invention.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods for increasing stability and efficiency of organic perovskite materials for use in various electronic devices. In particular, methods of the invention use a non-peripheral substituted phthalocyanine for passivating defects in organic perovskite materials, thereby increasing its stability and efficiency relative to the same material in the absence of said non-peripheral substituted phthalocyanine.
Abstract:
The present invention provides conjugated side-strapped phthalocyanines and methods for producing and using the same. In one particular embodiment, the conjugated side-strapped phthalocyanine is of the formula: where each of the substituents are defined herein.
Abstract:
The present invention provides conjugated side-strapped phthalocyanines and methods for producing and using the same. In one particular embodiment, the conjugated side-strapped phthalocyanine is of the formula: where each of the substituents are defined herein.