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公开(公告)号：US06204828B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-20
申请号：US09052321
申请日：1998-03-31
IPC分类号： G09G500
CPC分类号： G06F3/013 , G06F3/038 , G06F2203/0381
摘要： A computer-driven system aids operator positioning of a cursor by integrating eye gaze and manual operator input, thus reducing pointing time and operator fatigue. A gaze tracking apparatus monitors operator eye orientation while the operator views a video screen. Concurrently, the computer monitors an input device, such as a mouse, for mechanical activation by the operator. According to the operator's eye orientation, the computer calculates the operator's gaze position. Also computed is a gaze area, comprising a sub-region of the video screen that includes the gaze position. This region, for example, may be a circle of sufficient radius to include the point of actual gaze with a certain likelihood. When the computer detects mechanical activation of the operator input device, it determines an initial cursor display position within the current gaze area. This position may be a predetermined location with respect to the gaze area, such as a point on the bottom of the gaze area periphery. A different approach uses the initial mechanical activation of the input device to determine the direction of motion, and sets the initial display position on the opposite side of the gaze area from this motion so that continued movement of the input device brings the cursor to the gaze position in a seamless transition between gaze and manual input. After displaying the cursor on the video screen at the initial display position, the cursor is thereafter positioned manually according to the operator's use of the input device, without regard to gaze.
摘要翻译： 计算机驱动系统通过集成眼睛注视和手动操作员输入来帮助操作者定位光标，从而减少指示时间和操作者的疲劳。 注视跟踪装置在操作员观看视频屏幕时监视操作者的眼睛方向。 同时，计算机监视诸如鼠标的输入设备，以供操作者机械启动。 根据操作员的眼睛方向，计算机计算操作员的注视位置。 还计算出注视区域，其包括包括注视位置的视频屏幕的子区域。 例如，该区域可以是足够半径的圆以具有某种可能性的实际注视点。 当计算机检测到操作者输入装置的机械启动时，它确定当前凝视区域内的初始光标显示位置。 该位置可以是相对于注视区域的预定位置，例如注视区域外围底部的点。 不同的方法使用输入装置的初始机械激活来确定运动方向，并将初始显示位置设置在距离该运动的目视区域的相对侧，使得输入装置的继续移动将光标移动到目视 在凝视和手动输入之间的无缝转换中的位置。 在初始显示位置在视频屏幕上显示光标后，随后根据操作者对输入设备的使用手动定位光标，而不考虑注视。
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公开(公告)号：US06393136B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-21
申请号：US09225476
申请日：1999-01-04
IPC分类号： G06K900
摘要： A method and apparatus determine when a subject is looking at a specific target area by estimating a divergence angle between (1) the direction in which the subject is looking and (2) the direction from the subject directly to the target area. This technique accesses whether the subject is looking at a particular area. The invention may further condition this determination according to the subject's distance from the target area, because there is less tolerance for divergent angles when the subject is farther away. In one embodiment, the divergence angle is estimated using the position of a glint of light in the subject's pupil. The glint is created by a light source located in the target area. If the glint is sufficiently central to the pupil, with the camera and light source being near the target area, the subject is looking at the target area. At long distances, when the glint is not sufficiently discernable from the pupil, another technique may be employed to estimate divergence angle. Namely, the plane of the subject's face is computed, and analyzed with respect to a vector between the subject's face and the target area. If the plane is substantially normal to the vector, the subject is looking at the target area.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置通过估计（1）被摄体正在观察的方向和（2）从被摄体直接到目标区域的方向之间的发散角度来确定被摄体何时观察特定目标区域。 该技术访问主体是否正在查看特定区域。 本发明还可以根据被摄体距离目标区域的距离来进一步调节该确定，因为当被摄体越远时，对于发散角具有较小的公差。 在一个实施例中，使用受试者瞳孔内的闪光的位置来估计发散角。 闪光由位于目标区域的光源创建。 如果闪光对于瞳孔是足够中心的，相机和光源靠近目标区域，则被摄物体正在观察目标区域。 在长距离处，当闪烁不能从瞳孔中辨别出来时，可以采用另一种技术来估计发散角。 即，计算被检者的脸的平面，并且相对于被检者的面部和目标区域之间的矢量进行分析。 如果平面与矢量基本正交，则对象正在观察目标区域。
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公开(公告)号：US06539100B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-25
申请号：US09238979
申请日：1999-01-27
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G06F3/011 , G06K9/00268 , G06K9/00597 , G06K9/00778 , G06T7/70 , G06T2207/30201
摘要： A method and apparatus analyzes a scene to determine which pupils correspond to which subjects. First, a machine-readable representation of the scene, such as a camera image, is generated. Although more detail may be provided, this representation minimally depicts certain visually perceivable characteristics of multiple pupil candidates corresponding to multiple subjects in the scene. A machine such as a computer then examines various features of the pupil candidates. The features under analysis include (1) visually perceivable characteristics of the pupil candidates at one given time (“spatial cues”), and (2) changes in visually perceivable characteristics of the pupil candidates over a sampling period (“temporal cues”). The spatial and temporal cues may be used to identify associated pupil pairs. Some exemplary spatial cues include interocular distance, shape, height, and color of potentially paired pupils. In addition to features of the pupils themselves, spatial cues may also include nearby facial features such as presence of a nose/mouth/eyebrows in predetermined relationship to potentially paired pupils, a similarly colored iris surrounding each of two pupils, skin of similar color nearby, etc. Some exemplary temporal cues include motion or blinking of paired pupils together, etc. With the foregoing examination, each pupil candidate can be associated with a subject in the scene.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置分析场景以确定哪些学生对应于哪个学科。 首先，生成场景的机器可读表示，例如相机图像。 尽管可以提供更多的细节，但是该表示最低限度地描绘了与场景中的多个被摄体相对应的多个瞳孔候选者的某些视觉上可感知的特征。 然后，诸如计算机的机器检查学生候选人的各种特征。 分析的特征包括（1）在一个给定时间（“空间提示”）的瞳孔候选者的视觉上可感知的特征，以及（2）在采样周期（“时间提示”）上的瞳孔候选者的视觉可感知特征的变化。 空间和时间线索可用于识别相关联的瞳孔对。 一些示例性的空间线索包括可能配对的瞳孔的眼间距离，形状，高度和颜色。 除了学生本身的特征之外，空间线索还可以包括附近的面部特征，例如与潜在配对的瞳孔具有预定关系的鼻/嘴/眉毛的存在，围绕两个瞳孔中的每一个的类似彩色的虹膜，附近有相似颜色的皮肤 等等。一些示例性的时间提示包括一起运动或眨眼配对的瞳孔等。通过上述检查，每个瞳孔候选者可以与场景中的被摄体相关联。
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公开(公告)号：US08560462B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-15
申请号：US11185642
申请日：2005-07-20
CPC分类号： G06Q10/06313 , G06Q20/10 , G06Q30/02
摘要： A method for managing a usage cost of an asset. A user component of a business entity may access the asset after the asset has been developed by a development component of the business entity, wherein the user component receives compensation from a compensator in response to the user component having incurred a usage burden from using the asset, and wherein the compensator may have contributed to the usage burden. Alternatively, a user component of a second business entity may access an asset after the asset is developed by a development component of a first business entity, wherein second business entity receives compensation from the first business entity in response to the user component having incurred a usage burden from using the asset. The compensation has a magnitude that is a function of the usage burden. The asset may be a software application.
摘要翻译： 一种管理资产使用成本的方法。 业务实体的用户组件可以在该业务实体的开发组件开发资产之后访问该资产，其中该用户组件响应于该用户组件从使用该资产而发生使用负担从补偿器接收补偿 ，并且其中所述补偿器可能有助于所述使用负担。 或者，第二业务实体的用户组件可以在由第一业务实体的开发组件开发资产之后访问资产，其中第二业务实体响应于已经发生使用的用户组件从第一业务实体接收补偿 使用资产的负担。 补偿的大小是使用负担的函数。 资产可能是软件应用程序。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06659611B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US10034524
申请日：2001-12-28
IPC分类号： A61B314
CPC分类号： A61B3/113 , G06K9/00604
摘要： A system and method for eye gaze tracking without calibrated cameras, direct measurements of specific users' eye geometries, or requiring the user to visually track a cursor traversing a known trajectory. The preferred embodiment includes two uncalibrated cameras imaging the user's eye and haying on-axis lighting. The cameras capture images of a test pattern in real space as reflected from the user's cornea, which is essentially a convex spherical mirror. The invention then extracts parameters required to define a mathematical mapping between real space and image space, including spherical and perspective transformations. The invention processes subsequent images of objects reflected from the user's eye through the inverse of the mathematical mapping to determine a gaze vector and a point of regard. Alternately, a single calibrated camera may be employed with means for estimating the eye-to-camera distance. A head-mounted embodiment that may include a laser pointer is also described.
摘要翻译： 用于没有校准相机的眼睛注视跟踪的系统和方法，直接测量特定用户的眼睛几何形状，或要求用户可视地跟踪穿过已知轨迹的光标。 优选实施例包括两个未校准的照相机成像用户的眼睛并且照亮轴上照明。 摄像机从用户的角膜（其本质上是凸球面镜）反射的实际空间捕获测试图案的图像。 然后，本发明提取在实际空间和图像空间之间定义数学映射所需的参数，包括球面和透视变换。 本发明通过数学映射的倒数来处理从用户的眼睛反射的物体的后续图像，以确定注视向量和关注点。 或者，可以使用具有用于估计眼睛对照相机距离的装置的单个校准的相机。 还描述了可以包括激光指示器的头戴式实施例。
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公开(公告)号：US06578962B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US09844682
申请日：2001-04-27
IPC分类号： A61B314
CPC分类号： A61B3/113 , G06K9/0061
摘要： A system and method for calibration-free tracking of a user's eye gaze vector and point of regard even if substantial head movement or rotation occurs. The preferred embodiment includes two synchronized interlaced cameras, each viewing the user's eye and having on-axis lighting that is alternately modulated. An image difference between lighted and unlighted images of the eye is used to identify a user's pupil. A plane containing the gaze vector is defined by rotating a base plane through the angle in a camera image plane between a pupil center, a first glint, and a second glint. The intersection of two such planes (one from each camera), defines the gaze vector. The gaze position is the intersection of the gaze vector with the object being viewed by the user. Alternate embodiments are also described.
摘要翻译： 即使发生实质的磁头移动或旋转，也可以使用用户的眼睛注视向量和观察点进行无校准跟踪的系统和方法。 优选实施例包括两个同步的隔行相机，每个相机都观看用户的眼睛并具有交替调制的轴上照明。 使用眼睛的点亮图像和未照明图像之间的图像差异来识别用户的瞳孔。 通过在瞳孔中心，第一闪烁和第二闪光之间的相机图像平面中旋转基座平面通过角度来限定包含注视向量的平面。 两个这样的平面（每个相机之一）的交点定义了注视矢量。 注视位置是注视矢量与用户正在观看的对象的交点。 还描述了替代实施例。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09063666B2
公开(公告)日：2015-06-23
申请号：US12732159
申请日：2010-03-25
申请人： Arnon Amir , David A. Pease , Rainer Richter
发明人： Arnon Amir , David A. Pease , Rainer Richter
CPC分类号： G06F3/0643 , G06F3/0611 , G06F3/0617 , G06F3/0686 , G06F12/0866 , G06F2212/213 , G06F2212/224 , G06F2212/463 , G11B20/1201 , G11B27/002 , G11B27/328 , G11B2220/956
摘要： In one embodiment, a method includes loading a tape cartridge into at least one tape drive installed in an automated tape library, where a tape of the tape cartridge has at least two partitions; writing plurality of data blocks on a first of the partitions; and writing an index on a second of the partitions, wherein the index includes information about at least one of files and the blocks on the first partition.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，一种方法包括将带盒加载到安装在自动化磁带库中的至少一个磁带驱动器中，其中磁带盒的磁带具有至少两个隔板; 在第一分区上写入多个数据块; 以及在第二分区上写入索引，其中所述索引包括关于所述第一分区上的文件和所述块中的至少一个的信息。
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8.发明授权Method and system for authenticating telephone callers and avoiding unwanted calls 有权用于认证电话呼叫者并避免不必要呼叫的方法和系统公开(公告)号：US08467512B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-18
申请号：US12512347
申请日：2009-07-30
申请人： Arnon Amir , Nimrod Megiddo
发明人： Arnon Amir , Nimrod Megiddo
IPC分类号： H04M1/56
CPC分类号： H04M15/06
摘要： A service that handles incoming telephone calls without bothering the telephone subscriber is disclosed. The service permits a call to go through to a subscriber if the service determines that the call is not unwanted and the caller has been unauthenticated. The authentication is based on challenging the caller to prove its identity rather than relying on caller ID displays. Prospective callers pre-register with the service providing caller account information. When a caller is issued a challenge, the caller may prove its authenticity by supplying the challenge back to the service along with its registered information.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种处理传入电话而不打扰电话用户的服务。 如果服务确定呼叫不是不需要的，并且呼叫者未经身份验证，则该服务允许呼叫转到订户。 认证是基于挑战来电者来证明其身份，而不是依靠来电显示。 预期来电者预先注册提供来电者帐户信息的服务。 当呼叫者发出挑战时，呼叫者可以通过向服务提供质询及其注册信息来证明其真实性。
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110238716A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-29
申请号：US12732158
申请日：2010-03-25
申请人： Arnon Amir , David A. Pease , Rainer Richter
发明人： Arnon Amir , David A. Pease , Rainer Richter
CPC分类号： G06F3/0619 , G06F3/0611 , G06F3/0643 , G06F3/065 , G06F3/0656 , G06F3/067 , G06F3/0679 , G06F3/0682 , G06F3/0686 , G06F17/30138 , G06F17/3023 , G11B27/032
摘要： In one embodiment, a method for writing data to a magnetic recording tape includes writing a plurality of files to a first partition of a magnetic recording tape using a tape drive, and writing an index to a second partition of the magnetic recording tape using the tape drive, the index including information about locations of data of the plurality of files in the first partition of the magnetic recording tape.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，将数据写入磁记录带的方法包括使用磁带驱动器将多个文件写入到磁记录带的第一分区，并使用磁带将索引写入磁记录带的第二分区 驱动器，索引包括关于磁记录带的第一分区中的多个文件的数据的位置的信息。
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公开(公告)号：US20110122527A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-26
申请号：US12626070
申请日：2009-11-25
IPC分类号： G11B15/68
CPC分类号： G11B15/689 , G11B15/68 , G11B17/22 , G11B17/228 , G11B23/0326 , G11B23/042 , G11B27/002 , G11B27/11 , G11B2220/41 , G11B2220/652
摘要： Embodiments of the invention relate to storing and locating a self-describing storage cartridge. An aspect of the invention includes a system for storing and locating a self-describing storage cartridge. The system includes a storage cartridge. The storage cartridge includes a first storage module configured to store data objects. The storage cartridge further includes a second storage module configured to store an index describing the data objects stored on the first storage module. The storage cartridge further includes a connector coupled to the second storage module and configured to provide an external device with access to the second storage module.
摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例涉及存储和定位自描述存储盒。 本发明的一个方面包括用于存储和定位自描述存储盒的系统。 该系统包括存储盒。 存储盒包括被配置为存储数据对象的第一存储模块。 存储盒还包括第二存储模块，其被配置为存储描述存储在第一存储模块上的数据对象的索引。 存储盒还包括耦合到第二存储模块并被配置为向外部设备提供对第二存储模块的访问的连接器。
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