公开(公告)号：US06617228B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-09

申请号：US10246890

申请日：2002-09-18

申请人： Babak Sadigh ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Tomas Diaz de la Rubia ,  Martin Giles ,  Maria-Jose Caturla ,  Vidvuds Ozolins ,  Mark Asta ,  Silva Theiss ,  Majeed Foad ,  Andrew Quong

发明人： Babak Sadigh ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Tomas Diaz de la Rubia ,  Martin Giles ,  Maria-Jose Caturla ,  Vidvuds Ozolins ,  Mark Asta ,  Silva Theiss ,  Majeed Foad ,  Andrew Quong

IPC分类号： H01L2120

CPC分类号： H01L29/161 ,  C30B29/605 ,  C30B33/00 ,  H01L29/1054 ,  H01L29/7842

摘要： A method for enhancing the equilibrium solubility of boron and indium in silicon. The method involves first-principles quantum mechanical calculations to determine the temperature dependence of the equilibrium solubility of two important p-type dopants in silicon, namely boron and indium, under various strain conditions. The equilibrium thermodynamic solubility of size-mismatched impurities, such as boron and indium in silicon, can be raised significantly if the silicon substrate is strained appropriately. For example, for boron, a 1% compressive strain raises the equilibrium solubility by 100% at 1100° C.; and for indium, a 1% tensile strain at 1100° C., corresponds to an enhancement of the solubility by 200%.

公开(公告)号：US06872455B2

公开(公告)日：2005-03-29

申请号：US10626132

申请日：2003-07-23

申请人： Babak Sadigh ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Tomas Diaz de la Rubia ,  Martin Giles ,  Maria-Jose Caturla ,  Vidvuds Ozolins ,  Mark Asta ,  Silva Theiss ,  Majeed Foad ,  Andrew Quong

发明人： Babak Sadigh ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Tomas Diaz de la Rubia ,  Martin Giles ,  Maria-Jose Caturla ,  Vidvuds Ozolins ,  Mark Asta ,  Silva Theiss ,  Majeed Foad ,  Andrew Quong

IPC分类号： C30B33/00 ,  H01L29/10 ,  H01L29/161 ,  B32B9/04

CPC分类号： H01L29/161 ,  C30B29/605 ,  C30B33/00 ,  H01L29/1054 ,  H01L29/7842

摘要： A method for enhancing the equilibrium solubility of boron ad indium in silicon. The method involves first-principles quantum mechanical calculations to determine the temperature dependence of the equilibrium solubility of two important p-type dopants in silicon, namely boron and indium, under various strain conditions. The equilibrium thermodynamic solubility of size-mismatched impurities, such as boron and indium in silicon, can be raised significantly if the silicon substrate is strained appropriately. For example, for boron, a 1% compressive strain raises the equilibrium solubility by 100% at 1100° C.; and for indium, a 1% tensile strain at 1100° C., corresponds to an enhancement of the solubility by 200%.

摘要翻译： 一种提高硼中铟的平衡溶解度的方法。 该方法涉及第一原理量子力学计算，以确定在各种应变条件下两种重要p型掺杂剂在硅中即平均溶解度（即硼和铟）的温度依赖性。 如果硅衬底适当应变，则尺寸不匹配杂质如硅中的硼和铟的平衡热力学溶解度可以显着提高。 例如，对于硼，1％压缩应变在1100℃下将平衡溶解度提高100％。 对于铟，在1100℃下的1％拉伸应变对应于200％的溶解度的增强。

公开(公告)号：US06498078B2

公开(公告)日：2002-12-24

申请号：US09945932

申请日：2001-09-04

申请人： Babak Sadigh ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Tomas Diaz de la Rubia ,  Martin Giles ,  Maria-Jose Caturla ,  Vidvuds Ozolins ,  Mark Asta ,  Silva Theiss ,  Majeed Foad ,  Andrew Quong

发明人： Babak Sadigh ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Tomas Diaz de la Rubia ,  Martin Giles ,  Maria-Jose Caturla ,  Vidvuds Ozolins ,  Mark Asta ,  Silva Theiss ,  Majeed Foad ,  Andrew Quong

IPC分类号： H01L2120

CPC分类号： H01L29/161 ,  C30B29/605 ,  C30B33/00 ,  H01L29/1054 ,  H01L29/7842

摘要： A method for enhancing the equilibrium solubility of boron and indium in silicon. The method involves first-principles quantum mechanical calculations to determine the temperature dependence of the equilibrium solubility of two important p-type dopants in silicon, namely boron and indium, under various strain conditions. The equilibrium thermodynamic solubility of size-mismatched impurities, such as boron and indium in silicon, can be raised significantly if the silicon substrate is strained appropriately. For example, for boron, a 1% compressive strain raises the equilibrium solubility by 100% at 1100° C.; and for indium, a 1% tensile strain at 1100° C., corresponds to an enhancement of the solubility by 200%.

公开(公告)号：US06627522B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

申请号：US09945878

申请日：2001-09-04

申请人： Babak Sadigh ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Tomas Diaz De La Rubia

发明人： Babak Sadigh ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Tomas Diaz De La Rubia

IPC分类号： H01L2104

CPC分类号： H01L29/161 ,  C30B29/605 ,  C30B33/00 ,  H01L29/1054 ,  H01L29/16 ,  H01L29/7842

摘要： A method for enhancing the equilibrium solid solubility of dopants in silicon, germanium and silicon-germanium alloys. The method involves subjecting silicon-based substrate to biaxial or compression strain. It has been determined that boron solubility was largely enhanced (more than 100%) by a compressive bi-axial strain, based on a size-mismatch theory since the boron atoms are smaller than the silicon atoms. It has been found that the large enhancement or mixing properties of dopants in silicon and germanium substrates is primarily governed by their, and to second order by their size-mismatch with the substrate. Further, it has been determined that the dopant solubility enhancement with strain is most effective when the charge and the size-mismatch of the impurity favor the same type of strain. Thus, the solid solubility of small p-type (e.g., boron) as well as large n-type (e.g., arsenic) dopants can be raised most dramatically by appropriate bi-axial (compressive) strain, and that solubility of a large p-type dopant (e.g, indium) in silicon will be raised due to size-mismatch with silicon, which favors tensile strain, while its negative charge prefers compressive strain, and thus the two effects counteract each other.

摘要翻译： 一种提高掺杂剂在硅，锗和硅 - 锗合金中的平衡固溶度的方法。 该方法包括使硅基基板经受双轴或压缩应变。 由于硼原子小于硅原子，已经基于尺寸不匹配理论确定了通过压缩双轴应变大大提高了硼溶解度（大于100％）。 已经发现，硅和锗衬底中的掺杂剂的大的增强或混合性质主要受它们的限制，并且由它们与衬底的尺寸不匹配引起二次关系。 此外，已经确定，当杂质的电荷和尺寸错配有利于相同类型的应变时，掺杂剂对应变的溶解度增强是最有效的。 因此，通过适当的双轴（压缩）应变，可以最大程度地提高小型p型（例如，硼）以及大型n型（如砷）掺杂剂的固溶度，并且大p 由于与硅的尺寸不匹配，硅中的掺杂剂（例如铟）会升高，这有利于拉伸应变，而其负电荷优选压缩应变，因此两种效应相互抵消。

公开(公告)号：US08027033B2

公开(公告)日：2011-09-27

申请号：US12911489

申请日：2010-10-25

申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

IPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/4839 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01N21/65

摘要： The concentration of analytes in a complex mixture can be ascertained by spectroscopic measurement, even if the spectra of substances other than the analyte overlap with that of the analyte. Both independently measured concentrations of the analyte in a training set and of the analyte spectrum are used. Variances in the spectral data attributable to the analyte are isolated from spectral variances from other causes, such as compositional changes associated with different samples that are independent of the analyte. For the special case of noninvasive glucose measurements on the skin of biological organisms, the volume averaged glucose in the sample is predicted from the blood glucose. A test for over-fitting of the data is also described.

摘要翻译： 通过光谱测量可以确定复杂混合物中分析物的浓度，即使分析物以外的物质的光谱与分析物的光谱重叠。 使用训练集和分析物光谱中分析物的独立测量浓度。 归因于分析物的光谱数据的差异与其他原因的光谱变化隔离，例如与独立于分析物的不同样品相关的组成变化。 对于在生物体的皮肤上进行非侵入性葡萄糖测量的特殊情况，从血糖预测样品中的体积平均葡萄糖。 还描述了用于过拟合数据的测试。

公开(公告)号：US07961312B2

公开(公告)日：2011-06-14

申请号：US12191096

申请日：2008-08-13

申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

IPC分类号： G01N3/00 ,  G01N3/44 ,  G01N33/53

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/4839 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01N21/65

摘要： The concentration of analytes in a complex mixture can be ascertained by spectroscopic measurement, even if the spectra of substances other than the analyte overlap with that of the analyte. Both independently measured concentrations of the analyte in a training set and of the analyte spectrum are used. Variances in the spectral data attributable to the analyte are isolated from spectral variances from other causes, such as compositional changes associated with different samples that are independent of the analyte. For the special case of noninvasive glucose measurements on the skin of biological organisms, the volume averaged glucose in the sample is predicted from the blood glucose. A test for over-fitting of the data is also described.

公开(公告)号：US20110037977A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-17

申请号：US12911489

申请日：2010-10-25

申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

IPC分类号： G01J3/44

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/4839 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01N21/65

摘要： The concentration of analytes in a complex mixture can be ascertained by spectroscopic measurement, even if the spectra of substances other than the analyte overlap with that of the analyte. Both independently measured concentrations of the analyte in a training set and of the analyte spectrum are used. Variances in the spectral data attributable to the analyte are isolated from spectral variances from other causes, such as compositional changes associated with different samples that are independent of the analyte. For the special case of noninvasive glucose measurements on the skin of biological organisms, the volume averaged glucose in the sample is predicted from the blood glucose. A test for over-fitting of the data is also described.

摘要翻译： 通过光谱测量可以确定复杂混合物中分析物的浓度，即使分析物以外的物质的光谱与分析物的光谱重叠。 使用训练集和分析物光谱中分析物的独立测量浓度。 归因于分析物的光谱数据的差异与其他原因的光谱变化隔离，例如与独立于分析物的不同样品相关的组成变化。 对于在生物体的皮肤上进行非侵入性葡萄糖测量的特殊情况，从血糖预测样品中的体积平均葡萄糖。 还描述了用于过拟合数据的测试。

公开(公告)号：US06898379B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-24

申请号：US10288324

申请日：2002-11-05

申请人： Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jan Lipson ,  Giorgio Giaretta

发明人： Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jan Lipson ,  Giorgio Giaretta

IPC分类号： H04B10/158 ,  H04B10/18 ,  H04B10/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/6971 ,  H04B10/25133 ,  H04B10/695

摘要： An interference-reducing optoelectronic device determines the value of a current data bit in an optical data stream. A receiver receives the optical data stream, which is converted to a series of samples by a D/A converter. A set of adaptive filters, each filter corresponding to a unique possible value for one or more prior data bits, filters the series of samples utilizing variable tap coefficients to generate filtered output values. The variable tap coefficients are at least partially different than the variable tap coefficients of another adaptive filter. Comparators compare the filtered output values against filter-specific adaptive threshold values to generate tentative values for the current data bit. A delay mechanism delays a determined value for the prior data bits, and a selection mechanism determines the value of the current data bit by selecting the tentative value corresponding to the delayed determined value of the prior data bits.

摘要翻译： 减少干涉的光电子器件确定光学数据流中当前数据位的值。 接收器接收光数据流，其通过D / A转换器转换成一系列采样。 一组自适应滤波器，每个滤波器对应于一个或多个先前数据位的唯一可能值，利用可变抽头系数对该系列样本进行滤波以产生滤波后的输出值。 可变抽头系数至少部分地不同于另一自适应滤波器的可变抽头系数。 比较器将滤波后的输出值与滤波器特定的自适应阈值进行比较，以产生当前数据位的临时值。 延迟机制延迟先前数据位的确定值，并且选择机制通过选择与先前数据位的延迟确定值相对应的试验值来确定当前数据位的值。

公开(公告)号：US07546042B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-09

申请号：US10449304

申请日：2003-05-29

申请人： Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jan Lipson ,  Giorgio Giaretta

发明人： Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jan Lipson ,  Giorgio Giaretta

IPC分类号： H04B10/06

CPC分类号： H04B10/66 ,  H04B10/25133 ,  H04B10/6971

摘要： A method of reducing interference in a data stream includes filtering the data stream using a first equalizer to output a first filtered data stream. Also, the data stream is filtered using a second equalizer to create a second filtered data stream. Then, one or more error rates based on the first filtered data stream and the second filtered data stream are determined. Based at least in part on those error rates, a filtered data stream is selected from among the first filtered data stream and the second filtered data stream. A threshold value is determined, and then compared against the selected filtered data stream to generate a data bit.

摘要翻译： 一种减少数据流中的干扰的方法包括：使用第一均衡器对数据流进行滤波，以输出第一滤波数据流。 而且，使用第二均衡器对数据流进行滤波以产生第二滤波数据流。 然后，确定基于第一滤波数据流和第二滤波数据流的一个或多个错误率。 至少部分地基于这些错误率，从第一滤波数据流和第二滤波数据流中选择滤波后的数据流。 确定阈值，然后与所选择的滤波数据流进行比较以产生数据比特。

公开(公告)号：US20090079977A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-26

申请号：US12191096

申请日：2008-08-13

申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt

IPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/4839 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01N21/65

摘要： The concentration of analytes in a complex mixture can be ascertained by spectroscopic measurement, even if the spectra of substances other than the analyte overlap with that of the analyte. Both independently measured concentrations of the analyte in a training set and of the analyte spectrum are used. Variances in the spectral data attributable to the analyte are isolated from spectral variances from other causes, such as compositional changes associated with different samples that are independent of the analyte. For the special case of noninvasive glucose measurements on the skin of biological organisms, the volume averaged glucose in the sample is predicted from the blood glucose. A test for over-fitting of the data is also described.

摘要翻译： 通过光谱测量可以确定复杂混合物中分析物的浓度，即使分析物以外的物质的光谱与分析物的光谱重叠。 使用训练集和分析物光谱中分析物的独立测量浓度。 归因于分析物的光谱数据的差异与其他原因的光谱变化隔离，例如与独立于分析物的不同样品相关的组成变化。 对于在生物体的皮肤上进行非侵入性葡萄糖测量的特殊情况，从血糖预测样品中的体积平均葡萄糖。 还描述了用于过拟合数据的测试。