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1.发明授权Process for producing furnace atmospheres by deoxygenating non-cryogenically generated nitrogen with dissociated ammonia 失效通过用解离的氨将非低温法生成的氮脱氧生产炉气氛的方法
公开(公告)号：US5290480A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-01
申请号：US995618
申请日：1992-12-22
CPC分类号： C21D1/763 , B22F3/1007 , B23K35/383 , C01B3/047 , Y02E60/364
摘要： A process for producing low-cost furnace atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering non-ferrous metal and ceramic powders from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing from 0.05 to 5.0% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves 1) mixing non-cryogenically produced nitrogen with a predetermined amount of dissociated ammonia, 2) passing the mixture through a low-pressure drop catalytic reactor, 3) converting the residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as moisture and reducing the residual oxygen level to below about 10 ppm, and 4) using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering non-ferrous metal and ceramic powders. The key feature of the disclosed process involves the use of a novel low-pressure drop catalytic reactor for converting residual oxygen with dissociated ammonia to moisture.
摘要翻译： 一种生产低成本炉气氛的方法，适用于退火和热处理黑色金属和有色金属及合金，钎焊金属和陶瓷，将玻璃与金属密封，并从非低温法生产的氮中烧结有色金属和陶瓷粉末 提供0.05至5.0％的残余氧气。 所公开的方法包括1）将非低温法生产的氮与预定量的离解氨混合，2）使混合物通过低压滴催化反应器，3）将残余氧转化成可接受的形式如水分，并将 残余氧气水平低于约10ppm，以及4）使用所得气体混合物进行退火和热处理黑色金属和有色金属和合金，钎焊金属和陶瓷，将玻璃密封到金属上，并烧结有色金属和陶瓷粉末 。 所公开方法的主要特征是使用一种新型的低压滴催化反应器将残留的氧气与解离的氨转化成水分。
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公开(公告)号：US5302213A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-12
申请号：US995623
申请日：1992-12-22
申请人： Brian B. Bonner , Diwakar Garg
发明人： Brian B. Bonner , Diwakar Garg
CPC分类号： C21D1/76 , B23K35/383
摘要： An improved process for producing nitrogen-based atmospheres suitable for annealing ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals, sintering metal and ceramic powders, and sealing glass to metals from non-cryogenically generated nitrogen is presented. These atmospheres are produced by 1) humidifying non-cryogenically generated nitrogen containing less than 5.0 vol. % residual oxygen, 2) mixing it with a specified amount of a hydrocarbon gas, 3) feeding the gaseous mixture into the heating zone of a furnace through a diffuser, and 4) converting in-situ the residual oxygen and moisture present in it to a mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, moisture, and/or hydrogen. The key features of the present invention include a) humidifying the feed gas prior to introducing it into the heating zone of a furnace operated above about 800.degree. C. and b) using enough amount of a hydrocarbon gas to facilitate in-situ conversion of residual oxygen and moisture present in the feed gas to a mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, moisture, and hydrogen in the heating zone of a furnace.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于生产适用于黑色金属和合金，钎焊金属，烧结金属和陶瓷粉末以及将玻璃从非低温法生成的氮气密封到金属上的氮基气氛的改进方法。 这些气氛通过1）加湿含低于5.0体积的非低温法生成的氮。 ％残余氧，2）将其与特定量的烃气混合，3）通过扩散器将气体混合物进料到炉的加热区，以及4）将其中存在的残留氧气和水分原位转化为 二氧化碳，一氧化碳，水分和/或氢气的混合物。 本发明的主要特征包括：a）将进料气体加入到在约800℃以上运行的炉子的加热区域内，b）使用足够量的烃气体促进残留物的原位转化 在炉的加热区中，进料气体中存在的氧气和水分存在于二氧化碳，一氧化碳，水分和氢气的混合物中。
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公开(公告)号：US5298090A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-29
申请号：US995617
申请日：1992-12-22
摘要： A process for producing low-cost atmospheres suitable for annealing, brazing, and sintering non-ferrous metals and alloys from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing up to 5%, residual oxygen is disclosed. According to the process, suitable atmospheres are produced by 1) pre-heating the non-cryogenically produced nitrogen stream containing residual oxygen to a desired temperature, 2) mixing it with more than a stoichiometric amount a hydrocarbon gas, 3) passing it through a reactor packed with a platinum group of metal catalyst to reduce the residual oxygen to very low levels and convert it to a mixture of moisture and carbon dioxide, and 4) using the reactor effluent stream for annealing, brazing, and sintering non-ferrous metals and alloys in a furnace. The key features of the disclosed process include 1) pre-heating the non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing residual oxygen to a certain minimum temperature, 2) adding more than a stoichiometric amount of a hydrocarbon gas to the pre-heated nitrogen stream, and 3) using a platinum group of metal catalyst to initiate and sustain the reaction between oxygen and the hydrocarbon gas.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于生产低成本气氛的方法，该方法适用于从含低至5％残留氧的非低温法生产的氮中退火，钎焊和烧结有色金属和合金。 根据该方法，通过以下方式产生合适的气氛：1）将含有残余氧气的非低温生成氮气流预热至所需温度，2）将其与多于化学计量的烃气体混合，3）将其通过 反应器用铂族金属催化剂填充，将残余氧气降低至非常低的水平，并将其转化为水分和二氧化碳的混合物，以及4）使用反应器流出物流进行退火，钎焊和烧结有色金属， 合金在炉中。 所公开的方法的主要特征包括：1）将非低温法生产的含氮残留氧预加热到一定的最低温度; 2）向预热的氮气流中加入多于化学计量的烃类气体; 3） ）使用铂族金属催化剂引发和维持氧气和烃气体之间的反应。
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4.发明授权Integrated process for producing atmospheres suitable for heat treating from non-cryogenically generated nitrogen 失效用于生产适合于从非低温生成的氮进行热处理的气氛的综合方法
公开(公告)号：US5284526A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-08
申请号：US995625
申请日：1992-12-22
CPC分类号： F27D19/00 , B01D53/46 , B01D53/8671 , C21D1/763 , F27B9/045
摘要： An integrated two-step process for producing low-cost atmospheres suitable for annealing ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals, sealing glass to metals, and sintering metal and ceramic powders in continuous furnaces from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing up to 3% residual oxygen is disclosed. The residual oxygen present in non-cryogenically produced nitrogen is converted to moisture by mixing it hydrogen and passing the mixture through a reactor packed with a platinum group catalyst in the first step of the process. The reactor effluent stream containing a mixture of nitrogen, unreacted hydrogen, and moisture is mixed with a predetermined amount of a hydrocarbon gas and introduced into the heating zone of a continuous furnace in the second step of the process to 1) convert moisture to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reaction with the hydrocarbon gas via water gas shift reaction and 2) produce atmospheres in-situ suitable for heat treating. The key features of the process include 1) use of economical amount of hydrogen to convert residual oxygen to moisture in an external catalytic reactor and 2) conversion of moisture to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reaction with the hydrocarbon gas via water gas shift reaction in the hot zone of a continuous furnace. The disclosed process is particularly suitable for producing low-cost heat treating atmospheres for continuous furnaces operated at 700.degree. C. and above.
摘要翻译： 一种用于生产低成本气氛的综合两步法，适用于退火黑色金属和有色金属及合金，钎焊金属，密封玻璃与金属，以及烧结金属和陶瓷粉末的连续炉，由非低温法生产的氮气 公开了3％的残余氧。 存在于非低温法生产的氮气中的残留氧气通过在其第一步骤中混合氢气并使混合物通过填充有铂族催化剂的反应器而转化为水分。 将含有氮气，未反应的氢气和水分的混合物的反应器流出物流与预定量的烃气体混合并在该方法的第二步骤中引入连续炉的加热区域，以将水分转化为混合物 的一氧化碳和氢气，通过水煤气变换反应与烃气反应，2）原位产生适合于热处理的气氛。 该方法的主要特征包括：1）使用经济数量的氢气将外部催化反应器中的残余氧转化为水分; 2）通过水煤气转移与碳氢化合物气体反应，将水分转化为一氧化碳和氢气的混合物 在连续炉的热区反应。 所公开的方法特别适用于在700摄氏度及以上的连续炉中生产低成本的热处理环境。
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公开(公告)号：US5531372A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US298004
申请日：1994-08-30
申请人： Brian B. Bonner , Diwakar Garg , Kerry R. Berger
发明人： Brian B. Bonner , Diwakar Garg , Kerry R. Berger
CPC分类号： B23K35/383 , B23K1/008 , B23K1/00
摘要： The present invention discloses a novel, moisture-free atmosphere for brazing carbon steels that provides good braze flow and brazed joint quality with minimum or no formation of soot on brazed joints. According to the present invention, carbon steels are brazed in continuous furnaces using a moisture-free atmosphere containing a mixture of three gases including nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. The key features of the invention involve (1) formation of moisture, which is needed to facilitate braze flow and to minimize formation of soot on brazed joints, in-situ in the heating zone of the furnace by the reaction between hydrogen and carbon dioxide and (2) reduction in the overall amount of a reducing gas required for brazing carbon steels by keeping moisture out of the cooling zone. The use of a moisture-free three gas atmosphere has been unexpectedly found to (1) eliminate the need of an expensive and difficult to control external humidification system, (2) provide flexibility in adjusting moisture content of the atmosphere in the heating zone of the furnace simply by adjusting the flow rate of hydrogen or carbon dioxide or both, and (3) facilitate rapid conditioning of the furnace by keeping moisture out of the cooling zone. The moisture-free atmosphere has also been unexpectedly found to provide good braze flow, fillet formation, and brazed joint quality while minimizing or eliminating formation of soot on brazed joints.
摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种用于钎焊碳钢的新型无水气氛，其在钎焊接头上具有最少或不形成烟灰的情况下提供良好的钎焊流动和钎焊接头质量。 根据本发明，使用含有三种气体（包括氮气，氢气和二氧化碳）的混合物的无湿气氛将碳钢钎焊在连续炉中。 本发明的主要特征包括（1）通过氢气和二氧化碳之间的反应在炉的加热区中原位形成水分，其是促进钎焊流动并且最小化钎焊接头上的烟灰形成所需要的;以及 （2）通过将水分从冷却区域中除去而使碳钢钎焊所需的还原气体总量减少。 已经意外地发现使用无湿气的三种气体气氛（1）消除了昂贵且难以控制的外部加湿系统的需要，（2）提供调节加热区中的气氛中的含水量的灵活性 炉子简单地通过调节氢气或二氧化碳或两者的流量，和（3）通过将水分从冷却区域中除去来促进炉子的快速调节。 也意外地发现无湿度的气氛提供良好的钎焊流动，圆角形成和钎焊接头质量，同时最小化或消除钎焊接头上的烟灰形成。
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公开(公告)号：US5320818A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-14
申请号：US995601
申请日：1992-12-22
CPC分类号： C01B21/0422 , C01B2210/0045
摘要： An improved process for deoxygenating non-cryogenically produced nitrogen with a hydrocarbon is disclosed. According to the process, non-cryogenically produced nitrogen stream containing residual oxygen impurity is 1) pre-heated, 2) mixed with a hydrocarbon, and 3) passed through a reactor packed with a platinum group of metal catalyst to reduce oxygen to very low levels by converting it to a mixture of carbon dioxide and moisture. The reactor effluent stream is optionally treated downstream to produce a nitrogen stream substantially free of moisture and carbon dioxide. The key features of the disclosed process include 1) pre-heating non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing residual oxygen to a certain minimum temperature, 2) adding more than stoichiometric amount of a hydrocarbon to the pre-heated nitrogen stream, and 3) using a platinum group of metal catalyst to initiate and sustain the reaction between oxygen and hydrocarbon.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用烃脱氧非低温法生产的氮气的改进方法。 根据该方法，含有残余氧杂质的非低温法生产的氮气流是1）预热，2）与烃混合，3）通过填充有铂族金属催化剂的反应器以将氧气降至极低 将其转化为二氧化碳和水分的混合物。 反应器流出物流任选地在下游处理以产生基本上不含水分和二氧化碳的氮气流。 所公开的方法的主要特征包括：1）将非低温法生产的含氮残留氧预加热到一定的最低温度; 2）向预热的氮气流中加入多于化学计量的烃; 3） 铂族金属催化剂起始和维持氧和烃之间的反应。
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7.发明授权In-situ generation of heat treating atmospheres using a mixture of non-cryogenically produced nitrogen and a hydrocarbon gas 失效使用非低温法生产的氮气和烃气体的混合物原位产生热处理气氛
公开(公告)号：US5259893A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-09
申请号：US787982
申请日：1991-11-05
IPC分类号： C21D1/26 , B22F3/00 , B22F3/10 , B23K35/38 , C21D1/76 , C22F1/02 , C22F1/14 , C23C8/18 , C21D1/00
摘要： A process for generating in-situ low-cost atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals, sealing glass to metals, and sintering metal and ceramic powders in a continuous furnace from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing up to 5% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves mixing nitrogen gas containing residual oxygen with a predetermined amount of a hydrocarbon gas, feeding the gaseous mixture through a nonconventional device into the hot zone of a continuous heat treating furnace, converting residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as a mixture of moisture and carbon dioxide, a mixture of moisture, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, or a mixture of carbon monoxide, moisture, and hydrogen, and using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating metals and alloys, brazing metals, sintering metal and ceramic powders, and sealing glass to metals.
摘要翻译： 一种生产适用于退火和热处理黑色金属和有色金属和合金，钎焊金属，密封玻璃与金属以及在连续炉中烧结金属和陶瓷粉末的非低温生成氮气的方法 含有高达5％的残余氧气。 所公开的方法包括将含有残留氧的氮气与预定量的烃气混合，将气态混合物通过非常规装置进入连续热处理炉的热区，将残余氧转化为可接受的形式，例如 水分和二氧化碳，水分，氢气，一氧化碳和二氧化碳的混合物，或一氧化碳，水分和氢气的混合物，并使用得到的气体混合物进行退火和热处理金属和合金，钎焊金属，烧结 金属和陶瓷粉末，以及将金属密封玻璃。
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8.发明授权In-situ generation of heat treating atmospheres using a mixture of non-cryogenically produced nitrogen and a hydrocarbon gas 失效使用非低温法生产的氮气和烃气体的混合物原位产生热处理气氛
公开(公告)号：US5342455A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-30
申请号：US966967
申请日：1992-10-26
IPC分类号： B22F3/00 , B22F3/10 , B23K35/38 , C21D1/26 , C21D1/76 , C22F1/02 , C22F1/14 , C23C8/18 , C21D1/00
摘要： A process for generating in-situ low-cost atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals, sealing glass to metals, and sintering metal and ceramic powders in a continuous furnace from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing up to 5% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves mixing nitrogen gas containing residual oxygen with a predetermined amount of a hydrocarbon gas, feeding the gaseous mixture through a nonconventional device into the hot zone of a continuous heat treating furnace, converting residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as a mixture of moisture and carbon dioxide, a mixture of moisture, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, or a mixture of carbon monoxide, moisture, and hydrogen, and using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating metals and alloys, brazing metals, sintering metal and ceramic powders, and sealing glass to metals.
摘要翻译： 一种生产适用于退火和热处理黑色金属和有色金属和合金，钎焊金属，密封玻璃与金属以及在连续炉中烧结金属和陶瓷粉末的非低温生产氮气的方法 含有高达5％的残余氧气。 所公开的方法包括将含有残留氧的氮气与预定量的烃气混合，将气态混合物通过非常规装置进入连续热处理炉的热区，将残余氧转化为可接受的形式，例如 水分和二氧化碳，水分，氢气，一氧化碳和二氧化碳的混合物，或一氧化碳，水分和氢气的混合物，并使用得到的气体混合物进行退火和热处理金属和合金，钎焊金属，烧结 金属和陶瓷粉末，以及将金属密封玻璃。
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9.发明授权In-situ generation of heat treating atmospheres using non-cryogenically produced nitrogen 失效使用非低温法生产的氮气原位产生热处理环境
公开(公告)号：US5298089A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-29
申请号：US966258
申请日：1992-10-26
申请人： Donald J. Bowe , Brian B. Bonner , Diwakar Garg
发明人： Donald J. Bowe , Brian B. Bonner , Diwakar Garg
CPC分类号： C21D1/76 , B22F3/1007 , C22F1/02 , C22F1/14 , C21D1/26
摘要： A process for generating in-situ low-cost atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering metal and ceramic powders in a continuous furnace from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing up to 5% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves mixing nitrogen gas containing residual oxygen with a pre-determined amount of a reducing gas such as hydrogen, a hydrocarbon, or a mixture thereof, feeding the gaseous mixture through a non-conventional device into the hot zone of a continuous heat treating furnace, converting residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as moisture, a mixture of moisture and carbon dioxide, or a mixture of moisture, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sintering metal and ceramic powders, and sealing glass to metals.
摘要翻译： 一种生产适用于退火和热处理黑色金属和有色金属和合金，钎焊金属和陶瓷的原位低成本气氛的方法，将金属密封玻璃，并将金属和陶瓷粉末从非低温法烧结在连续炉中 产生含有高达5％残余氧的氮。 所公开的方法包括将含有残余氧的氮气与预定量的还原气体如氢气，烃或其混合物混合，将气态混合物通过非常规装置进入连续热的热区 将残余氧转化为可接受的形式，例如水分，水分和二氧化碳的混合物，或水分，氢气，一氧化碳和二氧化碳的混合物，并使用所得的气体混合物进行退火和热处理金属和合金 ，钎焊金属和陶瓷，烧结金属和陶瓷粉末，并将玻璃密封到金属。
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10.发明授权Annealing of carbon steels in a pre-heated mixed ambients of nitrogen, oxygen, moisture and reducing gas 失效在氮气，氧气，水分和还原气体的预热混合环境中退火碳钢
公开(公告)号：US5254180A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-19
申请号：US995611
申请日：1992-12-22
申请人： Brian B. Bonner , Diwakar Garg
发明人： Brian B. Bonner , Diwakar Garg
摘要： An improved process for producing high-moisture containing nitrogen-based atmospheres suitable for oxide and decarburize annealing of carbon steels from non-cryogenically generated nitrogen is presented. These nitrogen-based atmospheres are produced by 1) mixing non-cryogenically generated nitrogen containing less than 5.0 vol. % residual oxygen with a specified amount of hydrogen, 2) humidifying the gaseous feed mixture, 3) feeding the gaseous mixture into the heating zone of a furnace through a diffuser, and 4) converting in-situ the residual oxygen present in it to moisture. According to the present invention, the total amount of hydrogen required for producing suitable atmospheres can be minimized by simultaneously humidifying the feed gas and controlling the residual oxygen level in it. The key features of the present invention include a) humidifying the feed gas prior to introducing it into the heating zone of a furnace operated above about 600.degree. C., b) selecting the level of residual oxygen in the feed gas in such a way that it minimizes hydrogen consumption, and c) using enough amount of hydrogen to convert completely the residual oxygen present in the feed gas to moisture and to maintain pH.sub.2 /pH.sub.2 O ratio in the heating zone of the furnace below about 2 for oxide annealing and at least 2 for decarburize annealing carbon steels.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于生产高含氮含氮基气氛的改进方法，该方法适用于从非低温法生成的氮氧化物和碳钢的脱碳退火。 这些氮气氛是通过以下方式制备的：1）将低温生成的低于5.0体积％ ％的残留氧，具有规定量的氢，2）加湿气体进料混合物，3）通过扩散器将气体混合物进料到炉的加热区，以及4）将其中存在的残余氧原位转化为水分 。 根据本发明，通过同时加湿进料气体并控制其中的残余氧气水平，可以最小化产生合适气氛所需的氢气总量。 本发明的主要特征包括：a）将进料气体在将其引入到高于约600℃的炉子的加热区域中加湿，b）选择进料气体中残余氧气的水平，使得 它最大限度地减少氢气消耗，并且c）使用足够量的氢气将进料气体中存在的残余氧气完全转化为水分，并将炉子加热区域中的pH2 / pH2O比保持在约2以下以进行氧化物退火，并且至少2 用于碳钢脱碳退火。
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