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公开(公告)号：US06049641A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US28874
申请日：1998-02-24
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0043
摘要： A redundant optical connection system is manufactured in specially prepared form to allow optical connections to be made at a later step. In response to information specifying which of the optical sources are functional, further structure may be activated or introduced into the connection system which guides optical energy to optical outputs from only those of the sources that are functional. In one aspect of the invention, the preliminary form includes primary guiding structures coupling each of a plurality of primary optical sources to a respective application structure, and a secondary guiding structure coupled to a secondary optical source and terminating without yet coupling to any application structure. If the information indicates that one of the primary optical sources is non-functional, then structure can be added or activated which transfers optical energy from the secondary guiding structure into the primary guiding structure corresponding to the non-functional source. In another aspect of the invention, the preliminary form includes a material having N optical sources and more than N output guiding structures. A gap region is provided in the material between the outputs of the optical sources and the inputs of the output guiding structures. Additional guiding structures are later formed or activated in response to the information, to guide optical energy to the inputs of the output guiding structures from only functional ones of the optical sources.
摘要翻译： 冗余光学连接系统以特制的形式制造，以允许在稍后的步骤进行光学连接。 响应于指定哪个光源是功能的信息，进一步的结构可以被激活或引入连接系统中，该连接系统将光能量仅从功能的源的光输出引导到光输出。 在本发明的一个方面，预备形式包括将多个主光源中的每一个耦合到相应的应用结构的主导引结构，以及耦合到次光源并且终止而没有耦合到任何应用结构的辅导引结构。 如果信息指示主光源之一是非功能的，则可以添加或激活结构，其将光能从次级引导结构传送到对应于非功能源的主引导结构。 在本发明的另一方面，初步形式包括具有N个光源和多于N个输出引导结构的材料。 在光源的输出和输出引导结构的输入之间的材料中提供间隙区域。 随后根据信息形成或激活附加的引导结构，以将光能仅从光源中的功能性光源引导到输出引导结构的输入。
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公开(公告)号：US06325553B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-04
申请号：US09497953
申请日：2000-02-04
IPC分类号： G02B636
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0043
摘要： A redundant optical connection system is manufactured in specially prepared form to allow optical connections to be made at a later step. In response to information specifying which of the optical sources are functional, further structure may be activated or introduced into the connection system which guides optical energy to optical outputs from only those of the sources that are functional. In one aspect of the invention, the preliminary form includes primary guiding structures coupling each of a plurality of primary optical sources to a respective application structure, and a secondary guiding structure coupled to a secondary optical source and terminating without yet coupling to any application structure. If the information indicates that one of the primary optical sources is non-functional, then structure can be added or activated which transfers optical energy from the secondary guiding structure into the primary guiding structure corresponding to the non-functional source.
摘要翻译： 冗余光学连接系统以特制的形式制造，以允许在稍后的步骤进行光学连接。 响应于指定哪个光源是功能的信息，进一步的结构可以被激活或引入连接系统中，该连接系统将光能量仅从功能的源的光输出引导到光输出。 在本发明的一个方面，预备形式包括将多个主光源中的每一个耦合到相应的应用结构的主导引结构，以及耦合到次光源并且终止而没有耦合到任何应用结构的辅导引结构。 如果信息指示主光源之一是非功能的，则可以添加或激活结构，其将光能从次级引导结构传送到对应于非功能源的主引导结构。
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3.发明授权Optoelectronic and photonic devices formed of materials which inhibit degradation and failure 有权由抑制退化和失效的材料形成的光电子和光子器件公开(公告)号：US06842545B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-11
申请号：US09828278
申请日：2001-04-05
CPC分类号： G02F1/315 , G02B6/1221 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/1215 , G02B2006/12159 , G02B2006/12164 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065 , Y10S428/913
摘要： Optoelectronic and photonic devices are formed by employing polymer materials that have a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the nominal operating temperature. By using such materials, the local or segmental mobility is increased so that local stress is eliminated or minimized on the polymer material, making performance more robust. The current invention involves use of a polymer in an optical device in an operating temperature range in the region above Tg, where the polymer segments between crosslinks are allowed local freedom of movement; however, large-scale movement of the material may be restricted by the crosslinked structure of the polymer material. The temperature operation point of a device constructed according to the invention is thus preferably distanced from both the viscoelastic region near Tg and from the glassy region below Tg; such that the device is operated in a region where viscoelastic effects do not significantly affect the materials system, and time-dependent responses of the polymer are minimized or eliminated. Device operation can thus achieve minimum degradation and show improved performance attributes.
摘要翻译： 通过使用具有比标称工作温度更低的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的聚合物材料形成光电子和光子器件。 通过使用这种材料，增加了局部或分段的迁移率，使得在聚合物材料上消除或最小化局部应力，使得性能更加坚固。 本发明涉及在高于Tg的区域的工作温度范围内在光学器件中使用聚合物，其中交联之间的聚合物链段允许局部移动自由度; 然而，材料的大规模运动可能受到聚合物材料的交联结构的限制。 因此，根据本发明构造的装置的温度操作点优选地远离Tg附近的粘弹性区域和低于Tg的玻璃状区域; 使得该装置在粘弹性效应不显着影响材料系统的区域中操作，并且聚合物的时间依赖性响应被最小化或消除。 因此，设备操作可以实现最小的降级并显示改进的性能属性。
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4.发明授权Optoelectronic and photonic devices formed of materials which inhibit degradation and failure 有权由抑制退化和失效的材料形成的光电子和光子器件公开(公告)号：US06236774B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US09274271
申请日：1999-03-22
IPC分类号： G02B610
CPC分类号： G02F1/315 , G02B6/1221 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/1215 , G02B2006/12159 , G02B2006/12164 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065 , Y10S428/913
摘要： Optoelectronic and photonic devices are formed by employing polymer materials that have a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the nominal operating temperature. By using such materials, the local or segmental mobility is increased so that local stress is eliminated or minimized on the polymer material, making performance more robust. The current invention involves use of a polymer in an optical device in an operating temperature range in the region above Tg, where the polymer segments between crosslinks are allowed local freedom of movement; however, large-scale movement of the material may be restricted by the crosslinked structure of the polymer material. The temperature operation point of a device constructed according to the invention is thus preferably distanced from both the viscoelastic region near Tg and from the glassy region below Tg; such that the device is operated in a region where viscoelastic effects do not significantly affect the materials system, and time-dependent responses of the polymer are minimized or eliminated. Device operation can thus achieve minimum degradation and show improved performance attributes.
摘要翻译： 通过使用具有比标称工作温度更低的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的聚合物材料形成光电子和光子器件。 通过使用这种材料，增加了局部或分段的迁移率，使得在聚合物材料上消除或最小化局部应力，使得性能更加坚固。 本发明涉及在高于Tg的区域的工作温度范围内在光学器件中使用聚合物，其中交联之间的聚合物链段允许局部移动自由度; 然而，材料的大规模运动可能受到聚合物材料的交联结构的限制。 因此，根据本发明构造的装置的温度操作点优选地远离Tg附近的粘弹性区域和低于Tg的玻璃状区域; 使得该装置在粘弹性效应不显着影响材料体系的区域中操作，聚合物的时间依赖性响应被最小化或消除。 因此，设备操作可以实现最小的降级并显示改进的性能属性。
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公开(公告)号：US06556734B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-29
申请号：US09294636
申请日：1999-04-19
申请人： William K. Bischel , David A. G. Deacon , Michael J. Brinkman , Simon J. Field , Linda A. Whittelsey
发明人： William K. Bischel , David A. G. Deacon , Michael J. Brinkman , Simon J. Field , Linda A. Whittelsey
IPC分类号： G02B612
CPC分类号： G02F1/011 , Y10S385/901
摘要： An optical device includes at least a first and second electrical conductors. At least one optical layer overlies at least a portion of the first and second electrical conductors. An applicator is positioned proximate to said at least one optical layer to selectively redirect light from the optical layer. An electrical coupling path between said at least one applicator and one of said first or second electrical conductors, at least a portion of the coupling path traversing said at least one optical layer. At least one optical waveguide may be formed in an optical layer above said electrical conductors. A feature is located to receive light redirected by the applicator and at least one electrical coupling path, which may be included in said feature, couples the applicator and at least one of said plurality of conductors. In a further aspect, a method for manufacturing an optical device is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: providing a substrate; constructing at least a first electrical conductor in a first substantially planar layer; forming an optical guiding structure in an optical layer; constructing at least one applicator capable of redirecting optical energy; constructing a feature; and electrically coupling said applicator and said at least first electrical conductor.
摘要翻译： 光学装置至少包括第一和第二电导体。 至少一个光学层覆盖在第一和第二电导体的至少一部分上。 施加器位于所述至少一个光学层的附近，以选择性地重新定向来自光学层的光。 所述至少一个施加器与所述第一或第二电导体之一之间的电耦合路径，所述耦合路径的至少一部分穿过所述至少一个光学层。 至少一个光波导可以形成在所述电导体上方的光学层中。 位置的特征是接收由施加器重定向的光，并且可包括在所述特征中的至少一个电耦合路径将施用器和所述多个导体中的至少一个导体耦合。 另一方面，公开了一种用于制造光学器件的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：提供衬底; 在第一基本平坦的层中构造至少第一电导体; 在光学层中形成光导结构; 构造能够重定向光能的至少一个施加器; 构建特征; 以及电耦合所述施用器和所述至少第一电导体。
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公开(公告)号：US5978524A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US876921
申请日：1997-06-16
申请人： William K. Bischel , Michael J. Brinkman , David A. G. Deacon , Edward J. DeWath , Mark J. Dyer , Simon J. Field
发明人： William K. Bischel , Michael J. Brinkman , David A. G. Deacon , Edward J. DeWath , Mark J. Dyer , Simon J. Field
IPC分类号： G02F1/035 , G02B6/12 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/29 , G02F1/35 , G02F1/355 , G02F1/37 , G02F1/377 , G09F9/305 , G02F1/295
CPC分类号： G09F9/305 , G02F1/011 , G02F1/377 , G02F1/3558 , G02F2201/30 , G02F2201/305 , G02F2201/307 , Y10S385/901
摘要： A flat panel display is based on a new switching technology for routing laser light among a set of optical waveguides and coupling that light toward the viewer. The switching technology is based on poled electro-optical structures. The display technology is versatile enough to cover application areas spanning the range from miniature high resolution computer displays to large screen displays for high definition television formats. The invention combines the high brightness and power efficiency inherent in visible semiconductor diode laser sources with a new waveguide electro-optical switching technology to form a dense two-dimensional addressable array of high brightness light emissive pixels.
摘要翻译： 平板显示器基于用于在一组光波导中布置激光并将光耦合到观看者的新的切换技术。 开关技术基于极化电光结构。 显示技术具有足够的功能，涵盖了从微型高分辨率计算机显示器到高清晰度电视格式的大屏幕显示器的应用领域。 本发明将可见半导体二极管激光源固有的高亮度和功率效率与新的波导电光切换技术相结合，以形成高亮度发光像素的致密二维可寻址阵列。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5835458A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US812416
申请日：1997-03-06
申请人： William K. Bischel , David A. G. Deacon , Michael J. Brinkman , Simon J. Field , Edward J. DeWath , Mark J. Dyer
发明人： William K. Bischel , David A. G. Deacon , Michael J. Brinkman , Simon J. Field , Edward J. DeWath , Mark J. Dyer
CPC分类号： G11B7/1353 , G11B7/122 , G11B7/1245 , G11B7/1372 , G11B7/14
摘要： An optical beam routing apparatus is constructed of solid material in which is embedded a beam routing array structure (1370) which has at least a first waveguide segment (1376) traversing the solid material along a plane, second waveguide segments (1378) traversing the solid material along the same plane and encountering the first waveguide segment at a plurality of intersections, electrically-controlled gratings 1372, 1373) disposed transverse to the intersections to controllably reflect optical energy between the first waveguide segment and the second waveguide segments, and optical reflectors (1374, 1375) at selected locations in line with the second waveguide segments (1378) for projecting optical energy into and/or out of the plane from a selected position (1382) on an-out-of-plane medium which might contain optically readable or writable information, such as a disc. Electrodes at the intersections and the electrically-controllable gratings (1372, 1373) disposed transverse of the intersections and controlled by the electrodes controllably reflect optical energy between the first waveguide segment and the second waveguide segment upon application of a controlled electric field at the electrodes.
摘要翻译： 光束路由设备由固体材料构成，其中嵌入有沿着平面穿过固体材料的至少第一波导段（1376）的光束路由阵列结构（1370），穿过固体的第二波导段（1378） 沿着同一平面的材料并且在多个交点处遇到第一波导段，电控光栅1372,1373），横向于交叉点设置以可控地反射第一波导段和第二波导段之间的光能，以及光学反射器 1374,1375），其位于与第二波导段（1378）一致的位置上，用于将光能量从平面上的选择位置（1382）投射到和/或离开平面，该位置可能包含光学可读的 或可写信息，如光盘。 交叉点处的电极和横向于交叉点并由电极控制的电可控光栅（1372,1373）在电极处施加受控电场时可控制地反射第一波导段和第二波导段之间的光能。
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公开(公告)号：US5652817A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-29
申请号：US660952
申请日：1996-06-12
IPC分类号： G02F1/295 , G11B7/12 , G11B7/135 , G11B11/105 , G02B6/34
CPC分类号： G02F1/2955 , G11B11/1058 , G11B7/122 , G11B7/1245 , G11B7/1384 , G02F2201/30 , G02F2201/307 , G02F2202/07
摘要： A new class of optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices uses an electric field to control energy propagation using a class of poled structures in solid material. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures. Electric fields applied to the poled structures control routing of optical energy. Devices include splitters, parallel and Y couplers, mode converters and energy leakage attenuators.
摘要翻译： 一类新的光能传递装置和能量引导装置使用电场来控制能量传播，使用固体材料中的一类极化结构。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合。 施加到极化结构的电场控制光能的路由。 器件包括分离器，并联和Y耦合器，模式转换器和能量泄漏衰减器。
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公开(公告)号：USRE37809E1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-30
申请号：US09053422
申请日：1998-04-01
IPC分类号： H01S308
CPC分类号： H01S3/063 , G02F2201/30 , G02F2201/307 , H01S3/0092 , H01S3/0635 , H01S3/1055 , H01S3/108 , H01S3/109 , H01S5/141 , H01S5/4062
摘要： One or more lasers are combined with optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices which use an electric field for control. The optical energy transfer devices may form gratings, mirrors, lenses and the like using a class of poled structures in solid material. The poled structures may be combined with waveguide structures. Electric fields applied to the poled structures control routing, reflection and refraction of optical energy. Adjustable tunability is obtained by a poled structure which produces a spatial gradient in a variable index of refraction along an axis in the presence of a variable electric field.
摘要翻译： 一个或多个激光器与使用电场进行控制的光能传递装置和能量引导装置组合。 光能转移装置可以使用固体材料中的一类极化结构形成光栅，反射镜，透镜等。 极化结构可以与波导结构组合。 施加到极化结构的电场控制光能的路由，反射和折射。 可调节的可调性通过极化结构获得，该极化结构在存在可变电场的情况下沿轴产生可变折射率的空间梯度。
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公开(公告)号：US5732177A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-24
申请号：US748480
申请日：1996-11-08
CPC分类号： G02F1/011 , G02F1/035 , G02F1/313 , G02F1/03 , G02F1/3132 , G02F1/3137 , G02F2201/30 , G02F2201/307
摘要： A new class of energy interaction devices, particularly optical energy transfer devices and energy guiding devices, use an energy field, particularly an electric field, applied to a poled structure to control energy propagation in a solid material. The poled structures, which may form gratings in thin film or bulk configurations, may be combined with waveguide structures to guide energy beams such as optical or acoustic beams. Electric fields applied to the poled structures, such as electrically-activated gratings, control routing of optical energy. Optical devices include but are not limited to, frequency-selective switchable- and adjustably-tunable reflectors, splitters, directional couplers, frequency-tunable switches and efficient beam combiners, as well as polarized beam combiners, am and fm modulators, mode selectors, energy transfer devices, optical data readers, panel display devices, and waveguide/reflector switching arrays. Variable reflectivity in a grating and adjustable tunability is obtained by a poled structure under the influence of an adjustable field, producing a spatial gradient in an adjustable propagation velocity in the solid material.
摘要翻译： 一类新的能量相互作用装置，特别是光能转移装置和能量引导装置，使用施加到极化结构的能量场，特别是电场来控制固体材料中的能量传播。 可以形成薄膜或体积构造的光栅的极化结构可以与波导结构组合以引导诸如光学或声波束的能量束。 施加到极化结构的电场，例如电激活光栅，控制光能的路由。 光学器件包括但不限于频率选择性可切换和可调谐可调谐的反射器，分离器，定向耦合器，频率可调开关和有效的光束组合器，以及偏振光束组合器，am和fm调制器，模式选择器，能量 传输设备，光学数据读取器，面板显示设备和波导/反射器开关阵列。 光栅中的可变反射率和可调节的可调性通过极化结构在可调节场的影响下获得，从而产生固体材料中可调传播速度的空间梯度。
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