公开(公告)号：US4146460A

公开(公告)日：1979-03-27

申请号：US831813

申请日：1977-09-09

Applicant: Delbert D. Thomas

Inventor： Delbert D. Thomas

IPC: C10B1/08 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B49/04

CPC classification number: C10B1/08 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10G1/02

Abstract: A gravity feed inclined retort apparatus provides for a distillation process in which oil is removed from shale ore in the inclined portion of the retort, and the gaseous oil is removed to a vapor condenser/separator in which the vapor is condensed into the product oil. The retorted shale is fed onto a continuous chain stoker, or other similar conveying device, where the coke portion of the retorted shale is burned as fuel for the retort. Hot gases from the combustion zone where air is directed through the burning coke are used to preheat the shale ore above the dew point of the oil, through a heat exchange plate; and the hot gases then flow through the shale ore in the retort chamber, picking up the oil vapors from the heated shale, and carrying this oil-filled gas into a vapor condenser/separator. Some of the oil vapors are also condensed onto cooled side walls extending along the retort chamber and this condensed oil flows into oil collection gutters. The retort chamber is slightly enlarged along its length in the downward direction of shale movement to preclude clinkering and blockage of the continuous operation. The retort chamber is oriented at approximately 45.degree. from the horizontal for gravity feed; and the heat exchange plate is raised at its center and pitched at an angle of about 15.degree. relative to a line extending across its width for free shale movement down the expanding retort chamber.

Abstract translation: 重力进料倾斜的蒸煮设备提供蒸馏方法，其中在蒸馏器的倾斜部分中从页岩矿中除去油，并将气态油除去到蒸汽冷凝器/分离器，在蒸气冷凝器/分离器中蒸气冷凝成产物油。 蒸馏页岩被输送到连续的链式加料机或其他类似的输送装置上，其中蒸馏页岩的焦炭部分作为蒸馏器的燃料被燃烧。 来自燃烧区域的空气通过燃烧焦炭的热气体用于通过热交换板预热油在露点之上的页岩矿石; 并且热气体然后流过蒸煮室中的页岩矿石，从加热页岩中拾取油蒸气，并将该充满气体的气体输送到蒸气冷凝器/分离器中。 一些油蒸气也冷凝在沿蒸馏室延伸的冷却侧壁上，并且该冷凝油流入采油槽。 蒸煮室在页岩运动的向下方向上沿其长度略微扩大，以防止连续操作的熟料和堵塞。 蒸馏室与水平方向大约45°定向，用于重力进料; 并且热交换板在其中心处升高并且相对于延伸穿过其宽度的线以约15°的角度倾斜，以便在膨胀的蒸煮室下自由页岩运动。

公开(公告)号：US4501644A

公开(公告)日：1985-02-26

申请号：US425424

申请日：1982-09-28

Applicant: Delbert D. Thomas

Inventor： Delbert D. Thomas

IPC: C10B7/10 ,  C10B27/00 ,  C10B51/00 ,  C10B49/06

CPC classification number: C10B51/00 ,  C10B27/00 ,  C10B7/10

Abstract: A staged retort is provided for the retorting of certain types of carbonaceous materials such as oil shale, coal or lignite, wherein the staged retort includes a number of separate retort chambers arranged in a modular configuration, with one retort chamber above the other, and mounted transversely within the staged retort. Each retort chamber is heated to a different temperature, and carbonaceous material is moved from a given retort chamber to a retort chamber having a higher temperature, whereby heavier fractions of liquid and/or gaseous hydrocarbons are formed as the carbonaceous materials undergo pyrolysis. Arrangements such as pressure regulating valves are provided to reduce mixing of the various fractions between the individual retort chambers to nearly zero, and conduits are provided to separately withdraw the hydrocarbon gases and/or liquids from each retort chamber. The carbonaceous material leaving the last retort where the final pyrolysis reactions occur, is routed to a combustion compartment wherein it is burned to produce heat used to heat the retort chambers. The staged retort also includes arrangements for heating a predetermined portion of the gases formed in the retort chambers, to mix the heated portion with a predetermined unheated portion to arrive at a controlled temperature, and then to inject this controlled temperature gas and/or any other substances into the retort chamber interiors to control the temperatures and/or the reaction therein so that each retort chamber can be maintained at the proper temperature and conditions chosen for pyrolysis therein.

Abstract translation: 为某些类型的碳质材料（例如油页岩，煤或褐煤）进行蒸馏处理提供了一个分阶段的蒸馏器，其中分级蒸馏器包括以模块化配置布置的多个单独的蒸煮室，一个蒸馏室在另一个之上，并安装 横跨在分期的蒸馏器内。 每个蒸煮室被加热到不同的温度，并且碳质材料从给定的蒸煮室移动到具有较高温度的蒸馏室，由此当碳质材料经历热解时，形成较重馏分的液体和/或气态烃。 提供诸如压力调节阀的布置以减少各个蒸馏室之间的各种馏分的混合几乎为零，并且提供导管以从每个蒸煮室单独地抽出烃类气体和/或液体。 离开最后一个蒸馏塔的碳质材料发生最后的热解反应，被送到燃烧室，在该燃烧室中燃烧，产生用于加热蒸煮室的热量。 分级蒸馏器还包括用于加热在蒸煮室中形成的预定部分气体的装置，将加热部分与预定的未加热部分混合以达到受控温度，然后将该受控温度气体和/或任何其它 物质进入蒸馏室内部以控制温度和/或其中的反应，使得每个蒸煮室可以保持在适当的温度和选择用于其中的热解的条件。

公开(公告)号：US5363610A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-15

申请号：US36443

申请日：1993-03-24

Applicant: Delbert D. Thomas ,  Donald J. Webb

Inventor： Delbert D. Thomas ,  Donald J. Webb

IPC: E04B1/343 ,  E04H9/02 ,  E04D15/00

CPC classification number: E04B1/34347 ,  E04H9/021 ,  E04H2009/026 ,  Y10S52/11

Abstract: An anchor for stabilizing a mobile home during an earthquake or windstorm has a moving post with an attachment plate that attaches to a frame member of the mobile home. The anchor also has a base unit that includes a stationary post, which has a retention sleeve lining a portion of the interior. The moving post is positioned inside the stationary post to slide along the retention sleeve. A damping mechanism dampens any vertical motion of the moving post. The anchor may also include a mechanism to limit the range of vertical displacement. A hold-down strap may wrap around the mobile home and may be fixedly attached to a base unit at either end of the strap. The anchor may attach to rectangular tube frame members, "I"-shaped frame members, "["-shaped frame members, and a variety of other frame members.

Abstract translation: 在地震或风暴期间用于稳定移动式家庭的锚具具有移动的柱，其具有连接到移动式家庭的框架构件的附接板。 锚固件还具有包括固定柱的基座单元，该固定柱具有衬在内部的一部分上的保持套筒。 移动柱位于固定柱内部以沿着保持套滑动。 阻尼机构阻尼运动柱的任何垂直运动。 锚固件还可以包括限制垂直位移范围的机构。 压紧带可以围绕移动式家用环绕，并且可以固定地附接到带的任一端处的基座单元。 锚固件可以附接到矩形管框架构件，“I”形框架构件，“[”形框架构件和各种其他框架构件。

公开(公告)号：US4347119A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-31

申请号：US208946

申请日：1980-11-21

Applicant: Delbert D. Thomas

Inventor： Delbert D. Thomas

IPC: C10B7/00 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B47/18 ,  C10B53/06

CPC classification number: C10B7/00 ,  C10G1/02 ,  Y10S208/01

Abstract: A horizontal retorting apparatus and method designed to pyrolyze tar sands and oil shale, which are often found together in naturally occurring deposits. The retort is based on a horizontal retorting tube defining a horizontal retort zone having an upstream and a downstream end. Inlet means are provided for introducing the combined tar sands and oil shale into the upstream end of the retort. A screw conveyor horizontally conveys tar sands and oil shale from the upstream end of the retort zone to the downstream end of the retort zone while simultaneously mixing the tar sands and oil shale to insure full release of product gases. A firebox defining a heating zone surrounds the horizontal retort is provided for heating the tar sands and oil shale to pyrolysis temperatures. Spent shale and tar sands residue are passed horizontally beneath the retort tube with any carbonaceous residue thereon being combusted to provide a portion of the heat necessary for pyrolysis. Hot waste solids resulting from combustion of spent shale and tar sands residue are also passed horizontally beneath the retort tube whereby residual heat is radiated upward to provide a portion of the pyrolysis heat. Hot gas inlet holes are provided in the retort tube so that a portion of the hot gases produced in the heating zone are passed into the retort zone for contacting and directly heating the tar sands and oil shale. Auxiliary heating means are provided to supplement the heat generated from spent shale and tar sands residue combustion in order to insure adequate pyrolysis of the raw materials with varying residual carbonaceous material.

Abstract translation: 一种用于热解焦油砂和油页岩的水平蒸煮设备和方法，它们通常共同存在于天然存在的沉积物中。 蒸馏器基于定义具有上游和下游端的水平蒸煮区的水平蒸馏管。 提供入口装置用于将焦油砂和油页岩组合引入蒸馏器的上游端。 螺旋输送机将沥青砂和油页岩从蒸馏区的上游端向水平传送到蒸煮区的下游端，同时混合焦油砂和油页岩以确保产品气体的完全释放。 提供了一个限定围绕水平蒸馏器的加热区的火箱，用于将焦油砂和油页岩加热至热解温度。 废料页岩和焦油砂渣残留物在蒸煮管下面水平地通过，其上燃烧有任何含碳残余物以提供热解所需的一部分热量。 由废页岩和焦油砂渣残留物燃烧产生的热废物也在蒸煮管下方水平地通过，从而向上辐射剩余的热量以提供一部分热解热。 热蒸气入口孔设置在蒸煮管中，使得在加热区中产生的一部分热气体进入蒸馏区，用于接触和直接加热焦油砂和油页岩。 提供辅助加热装置以补充由废页岩和焦油砂渣残余物燃烧产生的热量，以便确保原料与不同残余碳质材料的充分热解。