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公开(公告)号：US4747973A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-31
申请号：US885374
申请日：1986-07-11
IPC分类号： C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202 , C09K11/477
CPC分类号： G01T1/2023 , C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/6455 , C09K11/7787
摘要： Rare-earth-doped, polycrystalline yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators with high density, optical clarity, uniformity, cubic structure and which are useful in the detection of x-rays, include one or more of the oxides of rare earth elements Eu, Nd, Yb, Dy, Tb, and Pr as activators. The ceramic scintillator may also include CaO, SrO, and Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3 as afterglow reducers. Sintering, sintering combined with gas hot isostatic pressing, and hot pressing methods for preparing the ceramic scintillators are also described.
摘要翻译： 具有高密度，光学透明度，均匀性，立方结构并且用于检测X射线的稀土掺杂多晶氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体包括稀土元素Eu，Nd， Yb，Dy，Tb和Pr作为活化剂。 陶瓷闪烁体还可以包括CaO，SrO和Yb2O3作为余辉减少剂。 烧结，烧结结合气体热等静压，还描述了制备陶瓷闪烁体的热压方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4421671A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-20
申请号：US389815
申请日：1982-06-18
IPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C09K11/00 , C09K11/78 , G01T1/202 , C09K11/477
CPC分类号： C04B35/6455 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023
摘要： Rare-earth-doped, polycrystalline yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators with high density, optical clarity, uniformity, cubic structure and which are useful in the detection of X-rays, include one or more of the oxides of rare-earth elements Eu, Nd, Yb, Dy, Tb, and Pr as activators. The oxides of elements Zr, Th, and Ta are included as transparency-promoting densifying agents. Any decrease in scintillator light output, due to the addition of transparency promoting additives, may be partially restored by the addition of either calcium oxide (CaO) or strontium oxide (SrO). Sintering, sintering combined with gas hot isostatic pressing, and hot pressing methods for preparing the ceramic scintillators are also described.
摘要翻译： 具有高密度，光学透明度，均匀性，立方结构并且可用于X射线检测的稀土掺杂多晶氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体包括一种或多种稀土元素氧化物Eu，Nd ，Yb，Dy，Tb和Pr作为活化剂。 元素Zr，Th和Ta的氧化物被包括作为透明促进致密化剂。 通过添加氧化钙（CaO）或氧化锶（SrO），烧结，结合气体热等静压和烧结的烧结可以部分地恢复闪烁体光输出的任何减少，由于添加透明度促进添加剂 还描述了制备陶瓷闪烁体的方法。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4518545A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-21
申请号：US389829
申请日：1982-06-18
IPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202 , C04B35/50
CPC分类号： C04B35/6455 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023 , Y10S264/91
摘要： A method for preparing high density yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators by cold-pressing multicomponent powder to form powder compacts and then sintering the compacts to form transparent-to-translucent ceramic scintillator bodies. The powder compacts are formed by either die pressing or die pressing followed by isostatic pressing to further increase green density. The powder compacts are sintered in vacuum or a reducing atmosphere at a temperatue of between 1800.degree. C. and 2100.degree. C. The preferred heating sequence includes a holding period at a temperature lower than the final sintering temperature. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare earth activator oxides. At least one of the oxides of elements Zr, Th, and Ta is included as a transparency promoting densifying agent. At least one of CaO and SrO may be included as a light output restorer.
摘要翻译： 一种通过冷压多组分粉末制备高密度氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体的方法，以形成粉末压块，然后烧结压块以形成透明至半透明的陶瓷闪烁体。 粉末压块通过模压或压模形成，然后进行等静压，以进一步提高生坯密度。 粉末压块在真空或还原气氛中在1800〜2100℃的温度下烧结。优选的加热步骤包括在低于最终烧结温度的温度下的保持时间。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，Dy2O3，Pr2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 元素Zr，Th和Ta的氧化物中的至少一种被包括作为透明促进致密化剂。 可以包括CaO和SrO中的至少一种作为光输出恢复器。
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公开(公告)号：US4525628A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US389828
申请日：1982-06-18
CPC分类号： C04B35/50 , C04B35/645 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/6581 , C04B2235/762
摘要： An improved scintillator for a solid state radiation detector useful in CT (computed tomography), DR (digital radiography), and related technologies. The scintillator, rather than being grown as a single crystal, is formed by means of hot pressing or sintering, as a polycrystalline ceramic. Rare earth oxides doped with rare earth activators are selected to yield a cubic crystal structure of high density and transmittance, which satisfies radiation detector requirements better than crystals utilized heretofore.
摘要翻译： 用于CT（计算机断层摄影），DR（数字射线照相）和相关技术的固态放射检测器的改进的闪烁体。 作为多晶陶瓷，通过热压或烧结形成闪烁体而不是单晶生长。 选择掺杂有稀土活化剂的稀土氧化物以产生高密度和透射率的立方晶体结构，其满足了迄今为止使用的晶体的辐射探测器要求。
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5.发明授权Preparation of yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators by sintering and gas hot isostatic pressing 失效通过烧结和气体热等静压制备氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体
公开(公告)号：US4518546A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-21
申请号：US608323
申请日：1984-05-08
IPC分类号： C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202
CPC分类号： G01T1/2023 , C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/6455 , C09K11/7769 , C09K11/7787 , Y10S264/91
摘要： Sintering and gas hot isostatic pressing are used to prepare polycrystalline yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillator bodies. Multi-component powder compacts, formed by cold pressing cold isostatic pressing, are sintered to the closed porosity stage. The density of the sintered compacts is then increased by gas hot isostatic pressing. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare earth activator oxides. The finished scintillator may also include at least one of SrO and CaO as afterglow reducers.
摘要翻译： 烧结和气体热等静压用于制备多晶氧化钇陶瓷闪烁体。 通过冷压冷等静压法形成的多组分粉末压块，被烧结到闭孔阶段。 然后通过气体热等静压来增加烧结体的密度。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，Dy2O3，Pr2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 完成的闪烁体还可以包括SrO和CaO中的至少一种作为余辉减少剂。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4473513A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-25
申请号：US389818
申请日：1982-06-18
IPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202 , C09K1/10
CPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/6455 , C09K11/7769 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023 , Y10S264/91
摘要： A method for preparing high density yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators includes cold-pressing a multicomponent powder to form powder compacts and then sintering the compacts to form transparent-to-translucent ceramic scintillator bodies. The powder compacts are formed by either die pressing or die pressing followed by isostatic pressing to further increase green density. The powder compacts are sintered in vacuum or a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of between 1800.degree. C. and 2100.degree. C. The preferred heating sequence includes a holding period at a temperature lower than the final sintering temperature. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare earth activator oxides. The finished scintillator may also include at least one of SrO and CaO as afterglow reducers.
摘要翻译： 制备高密度氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体的方法包括冷压多组分粉末以形成粉末压块，然后烧结压块以形成透明至半透明的陶瓷闪烁体。 粉末压块通过模压或压模形成，然后进行等静压，以进一步提高生坯密度。 粉末压块在真空或还原气氛中在1800℃至2100℃的温度下烧结。优选的加热步骤包括在低于最终烧结温度的温度下的保持期。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，Pr2O3，Dy2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 完成的闪烁体还可以包括SrO和CaO中的至少一种作为余辉减少剂。
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7.发明授权Preparation of yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators by vacuum hot pressing 失效通过真空热压制备氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体
公开(公告)号：US4466930A
公开(公告)日：1984-08-21
申请号：US389830
申请日：1982-06-18
IPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202 , C04B33/32
CPC分类号： G01T1/2023 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/6455 , C09K11/7787
摘要： Polycrystalline ceramic scintillators are prepared by a vacuum hot-pressing method. The process includes pressing a multicomponent powder at high temperature under vacuum. Following a holding period, the pressure and temperature are increased and maintained for a predetermined length of time. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare earth activator oxides. At least one of the oxides of elements Zr, Th, and Ta is included as a transparency promoting densifying agent. At least one of CaO and SrO may be included as a light output restorer.
摘要翻译： 通过真空热压法制备多晶陶瓷闪烁体。 该方法包括在真空下在高温下压制多组分粉末。 在保持期之后，增加压力和温度并保持预定的时间长度。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，Dy2O3，Pr2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 元素Zr，Th和Ta的氧化物中的至少一种被包括作为透明促进致密化剂。 可以包括CaO和SrO中的至少一种作为光输出恢复器。
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8.发明授权Preparation of yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators by vacuum hot pressing 失效通过真空热压制备氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体
公开(公告)号：US4466929A
公开(公告)日：1984-08-21
申请号：US389816
申请日：1982-06-18
IPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202 , C04B33/32
CPC分类号： G01T1/2023 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/6455 , C09K11/7769 , C09K11/7787
摘要： Polycrystalline ceramic scintillators are prepared by a vacuum hot-pressing method. The process includes pressing a multi-component powder at high temperature under vacuum. Following a holding period, the pressure and temperature are increased and maintained for a predetermined length of time. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, DY.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare earth activator oxides. The finished scintillator may also include at least one of SrO and CaO as afterglow reducers.
摘要翻译： 通过真空热压法制备多晶陶瓷闪烁体。 该方法包括在真空下在高温下压制多组分粉末。 在保持期之后，增加压力和温度并保持预定的时间长度。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，DY2O3，Pr2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 完成的闪烁体还可以包括SrO和CaO中的至少一种作为余辉减少剂。
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公开(公告)号：US4783596A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-08
申请号：US59426
申请日：1987-06-08
IPC分类号： C09K9/00 , C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C09K11/00 , C09K11/77 , C09K11/78 , G01T1/164 , G01T1/20 , G01T1/202 , G21K4/00
CPC分类号： G21K4/00 , C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C09K11/7769 , G01T1/1644
摘要： A polycrystalline ceramic scintillator is disclosed for radiographic applications which has received a controlled oxidation anneal to reduce radiation damage otherwise occuring when said scintillator is exposed to X radiation during conversion of said X radiation to the display image. The particular ceramic material treated in said manner comprises a densely sintered rare earth doped gadolinia containing metal oxide having a cubic crystal structure which has been annealed after sintering in a controlled oxygen containing atmosphere. A preferred ceramic composition comprises from about 5 mole percent up to about 50 mole percent Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, between about 0.5 mole percent and 12 mole percent of a rare earth activator oxide selected from the group consisting of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and between about 0.0001 and 0.5 mole percent of at least one afterglow reducer selected from the group consisting of Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3, and the remainder of said composition being Y.sub.2 O.sub.3. A treatment to produce said improved x-ray conversion medium is also disclosed along with radiographic imaging systems and methods employing said improved x-ray image conversion medium.
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10.发明授权Preparation of yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators by sintering and gas hot isostatic pressing 失效通过烧结和气体热等静压制备氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体
公开(公告)号：US4571312A
公开(公告)日：1986-02-18
申请号：US607993
申请日：1984-05-07
IPC分类号： B29C43/10 , C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202
CPC分类号： C04B35/645 , C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/6455 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023 , B29C43/10 , Y10S264/91
摘要： Sintering and gas hot isostatic pressing are used to prepare polycrystalline yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillator bodies. Multicomponent powder compacts, formed by cold pressing and cold isostatic pressing, are sintered to the closed porosity stage. The density of the sintered compacts is then increased by gas hot isostatic pressing. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare-earth activator oxides. At least one of the oxides of elements Zr, Th, and Ta is included as a transparency promoting densifying agent. At least one of CaO and SrO may be included as a light output restorer.
摘要翻译： 烧结和气体热等静压用于制备多晶氧化钇陶瓷闪烁体。 通过冷压和冷等静压法形成的多组分粉末压块被烧结到闭孔过程阶段。 然后通过气体热等静压来增加烧结体的密度。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，Dy2O3，Pr2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 元素Zr，Th和Ta的氧化物中的至少一种被包括作为透明促进致密化剂。 可以包括CaO和SrO中的至少一种作为光输出恢复器。
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