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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US06075611A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-13
申请号：US74082
申请日：1998-05-07
申请人： Elizabeth B. Dussan V. , Xu Wu , Oliver C. Mullins , Richard Gaylor , Rogerio Tadeu Ramos , Kenneth Stephenson
发明人： Elizabeth B. Dussan V. , Xu Wu , Oliver C. Mullins , Richard Gaylor , Rogerio Tadeu Ramos , Kenneth Stephenson
CPC分类号： G01N21/85 , G01F1/7086 , G01F1/74 , G01N21/64
摘要： Single point optical probes for measuring three-phase characteristics of fluid flow in a hydrocarbon well and methods of processing signals generated by the probe are disclosed. A single fiber optic probe is coupled to a light source and apparatus for detecting reflectance and fluorescence. Light is delivered to the tip of the probe where it exits the probe and illuminates the liquid ambient the probe tip or is internally reflected in the probe when gas is located at the probe tip. If the fluid at the probe tip is oil, the light exits the probe, illuminates the oil, and causes the oil to fluoresce. According to one signal processing method of the invention, the reflectance signal is binarized at a threshold to provide a gas/liquid quasi-binary signal which changes over time. A time fraction of the signal values is used to calculate the gas holdup. According to other signal processing methods of the invention, the fluorescence indication signal is processed by taking its derivative (and if desired a second derivative) to determine the "corners" of the fluorescence signal over time. The derivative signal exhibits a positive and a negative peak which are separated by time. The time between the peaks is used to calculate oil holdup and the amplitude of one of the peaks is used to calculate the velocity of the oil drop.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量烃井中流体流动的三相特性的单点光学探针以及由探针产生的处理信号的方法。 单个光纤探针耦合到光源和用于检测反射率和荧光的装置。 当气体位于探针尖端时，光被传送到探头的尖端，在那里它离开探针并照亮探测尖端的液体环境或内部反射在探针中。 如果探针尖端处的液体是油，则光离开探头，照亮油，并引起油发荧光。 根据本发明的一种信号处理方法，反射信号以阈值二值化，以提供随时间变化的气/液准二值信号。 信号值的时间分数用于计算气体滞留量。 根据本发明的其他信号处理方法，通过取其衍生物（并且如果需要，二阶导数）来处理荧光指示信号，以确定荧光信号随时间的“角”。 导数信号表现出正时和负峰，它们被时间分离。 峰值之间的时间用于计算油滞留量，其中一个峰值的振幅用于计算油滴的速度。
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公开(公告)号：US5335542A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-09
申请号：US16933
申请日：1993-02-12
申请人： T. S. Ramakrishnan , David Rossi , Yogesh Dave , William Murphy , Richard Plumb , Peter Goode , Fikri Kuchuk , James Helwig , Francois M. Auzerais , Elizabeth B. Dussan V.
发明人： T. S. Ramakrishnan , David Rossi , Yogesh Dave , William Murphy , Richard Plumb , Peter Goode , Fikri Kuchuk , James Helwig , Francois M. Auzerais , Elizabeth B. Dussan V.
CPC分类号： E21B33/1246 , E21B49/008 , E21B49/088 , E21B49/10 , G01N15/0826
摘要： A borehole tool having adjacently located fluid injection/withdrawal apparatus and an electromagnetic measurement apparatus is provided. The electromagnetic measurement apparatus can be an imaging apparatus for helping set the tool in desired locations for permeability testing via fluid injection or withdrawal. In a second mode, during fluid injection or withdrawal, and if desired, before and/or after injection or withdrawal, a plurality of electromagnetic measurements (images) are made. Based on the electromagnetic and hydraulic measurements, and a model which interrelates the measurements, determinations are made as to various characteristics of the formation, including effective permeabilities. Related methods for utilizing the tool and for treating the data in an integrated fashion are also set forth.
摘要翻译： 提供具有相邻定位的流体注入/取出装置和电磁测量装置的钻孔工具。 电磁测量装置可以是用于通过流体注射或抽出帮助将工具置于所需位置进行渗透性测试的成像装置。 在第二模式中，在流体注射或抽出期间，并且如果需要，在注射或抽出之前和/或之后，进行多个电磁测量（图像）。 基于电磁和水力测量以及将测量相互关联的模型，确定地层的各种特征，包括有效的渗透性。 还阐述了利用该工具和以综合方式处理数据的相关方法。
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3.发明授权Method and apparatus for locally measuring flow parameters of a multiphase fluid 失效用于局部测量多相流体流动参数的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5661237A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-26
申请号：US473636
申请日：1995-06-07
CPC分类号： E21B47/102 , G01F1/10 , G01F1/74
摘要： A method for producing, in a hydrocarbon well, a signal indicative of a local flow parameter of a multiphase fluid, includes the steps of placing at least one local sensor in the fluid and producing a signal whose level is characteristic of the phase in which the sensor is immersed, the signal being generated at a spike whose radius of curvature is less than 100 microns. The method is applicable to determining hold-ups of different phases of the fluid.
摘要翻译： 在烃井中产生指示多相流体的局部流动参数的信号的方法包括以下步骤：将至少一个局部传感器放置在流体中并产生其水平是相位的特征的信号，其中， 传感器被浸没，该信号在曲率半径小于100微米的尖峰处产生。 该方法适用于确定流体不同相位的滞留。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5463549A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-31
申请号：US137826
申请日：1993-10-15
摘要： Characteristics of invasion profiles exhibiting effects of gravity, and particularly their manifestations on resistivity logs of a plurality of different radial depths of investigation, are used to determine formation characteristics, including vertical permeability. One embodiment includes the following steps: suspending a logging tool in the borehole; producing a plurality of resistivity measurements, having respectively different radial depths of investigation, as the logging device is moved through the borehole, to obtain a plurality of resistivity logs; determining the presence of a buoyancy marker in the resistivity logs in a formation bed invaded with filtrate from the drilling mud, and the extent of the buoyancy marker; and determining permeability of the formations as a function of the extent of the buoyancy marker.
摘要翻译： 用于显示重力影响的入侵特征的特征，特别是其对多个不同径向深度的电阻率测井的表现，用于确定包括垂直磁导率在内的地层特征。 一个实施例包括以下步骤：将测井工具悬挂在钻孔中; 产生多个电阻率测量值，当测井装置移动穿过钻孔时，分别具有不同的径向深度，以获得多个电阻率测井; 确定在钻井泥浆中用滤液侵入的地层床中的电阻率测井中存在浮力标记，以及浮力标记的程度; 并确定地层的渗透性作为浮力标记的程度的函数。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5265015A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-23
申请号：US722052
申请日：1991-06-27
CPC分类号： E21B49/008 , E21B49/10
摘要： Fluid flow measurements are made in situ using a repeat formation tester with a modified probe aperture, or on rock samples using a mini-permeameter with a modified probe aperture. The modified probe aperture has an elongate cross-section, such as elliptic or rectangular. A first flow measurement is made with the longer dimension of the probe aperture in a first orientation (e.g., horizontal or vertical) with respect to the formation bedding planes. A second flow measurement is made with the probe aperture orthogonal to the first orientation, or with a probe aperture of non-elongate (e.g., circular) cross-section. Simultaneous equations relating values of known and measured quantities are solved to obtain estimates of local horizontal and/or vertical formation permeability.
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4890487A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-02
申请号：US35563
申请日：1987-04-07
CPC分类号： E21B49/10 , E21B49/008
摘要： Pressure and flow measurements made during extraction of fluid samples from a subsurface earth formation using a borehole logging tool having a single extraction probe are analyzed to derive separate values for both horizontal and vertical formation permeability. Build-up measurements are used to derive the slope of variation of formation pressure with respect to a spherical time function, and this value is incorporated in an expression for a dimensionless variable relating pressure, flowrate, porosity, compressibility and probe radius. The resulting value of the dimensionless constant provides an index into a look-up table obtained by a new analysis of the fluid dynamics in the immediate vicinity of the probe for an anisotropic formation. The table gives values for two or more dimensionless variables from which the permeability values are derived.
摘要翻译： 分析使用具有单个提取探针的钻孔测井工具从地下地层提取液体样品时进行的压力和流量测量，以获得水平和垂直地层渗透率的单独值。 积分测量用于导出地层压力相对于球面时间函数的变化的斜率，并且该值被并入关于压力，流量，孔隙率，压缩性和探针半径的无量纲变量的表达式中。 无量纲常数的最终值提供了通过对各向异性形成的探针附近的流体动力学的新分析获得的查找表中的指数。 该表给出了导出渗透率值的两个或更多无量纲变量的值。
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公开(公告)号：US20100083748A1
公开(公告)日：2010-04-08
申请号：US12244872
申请日：2008-10-03
IPC分类号： E21B49/10
CPC分类号： E21B49/10
摘要： A formation testing probe assembly comprising an elongated packer having a surface configured to be urged by the probe assembly towards a wall of a wellbore extending through the formation. The formation testing probe assembly further comprises a plate embedded in the elongated packer and including a central structural portion extending along a centerline of a substantial length of the plate, wherein the central structural portion is substantially thicker than remaining portions of the plate.
摘要翻译： 一种地层测试探针组件，其包括细长封隔器，其具有构造成被探针组件朝向延伸穿过地层的井眼的壁推动的表面。 形成测试探针组件还包括嵌入细长封隔器中的板，并且包括沿板的相当长度的中心线延伸的中心结构部分，其中中心结构部分基本上比板的剩余部分厚。
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8.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20050039527A1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-24
申请号：US10644284
申请日：2003-08-20
申请人： Brindesh Dhruva , Elizabeth B. Dussan V. , Aaron Jacobson , Jagdish Shah , Stephane Pierre , Fredrick Jenet , Michael Supp , Jennifer Trittschuh
发明人： Brindesh Dhruva , Elizabeth B. Dussan V. , Aaron Jacobson , Jagdish Shah , Stephane Pierre , Fredrick Jenet , Michael Supp , Jennifer Trittschuh
CPC分类号： E21B49/10 , E21B49/008
摘要： A method for determining formation fluid pressure in earth formation surrounding a borehole wall uses a downhole probe coupled to a variable-volume cavity. The probe is driven into contact with formation at the borehole wall. The method includes expanding the volume of the cavity during a first period of time to establish fluid communication between tool fluid and formation fluid, by withdrawing a minimal amount of fluid from the formation. During a second period of time the tool pressure is allowed to equilibrate to formation pressure. When pressure equilibrium is established, formation fluid pressure is set equal to tool pressure. A preferred embodiment includes terminating expanding the volume of the cavity on detecting a break in the mud cake seal. An associated formation pressure tester tool includes an elongated body; a probe defining a formation fluid inflow aperture, an electromechanical assembly defining a variable-volume cavity, a pretest flow line coupling the aperture to the cavity, a pressure sensor coupled to the cavity; and downhole electronic means for controlling the expansion of the volume of the cavity.
摘要翻译： 用于确定围绕井壁的地层中的地层流体压力的方法使用连接到可变体积腔的井下探针。 探头被驱动与钻孔壁的形成接触。 该方法包括在第一时间段内膨胀空腔的体积，以通过从地层中抽取最少量的流体来建立工具流体和地层流体之间的流体连通。 在第二时间段期间，允许工具压力平衡到地层压力。 当建立压力平衡时，地层流体压力设定为等于工具压力。 优选实施例包括在检测到泥饼密封件中的断裂时终止膨胀空腔的体积。 相关联的地层压力测试仪工具包括细长体; 限定地层流体流入孔的探针，限定可变体积腔的机电组件，将孔耦合到空腔的预测流线，耦合到空腔的压力传感器; 以及井下电子装置，用于控制空腔体积的膨胀。
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9.发明授权Apparatus for determining horizontal and/or vertical permeability of an earth formation 失效用于确定地层的水平和/或垂直渗透率的装置
公开(公告)号：US5279153A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-18
申请号：US752724
申请日：1991-08-30
CPC分类号： E21B49/10 , E21B49/008
摘要： Apparatus for obtaining horizontal and/or vertical permeability measurements through a probe having an elongate aperture. The invention uses the elongate aperture in the probe to orient fluid flow in an earth formation horizontally or vertically. The elongate aperture is approximated through the use of a single elongate opening or through the use of a group of aligned openings of varying shapes. Measurements can be taken at different orientations by including additional probe openings along more than one axis.
摘要翻译： 用于通过具有细长孔的探头获得水平和/或垂直磁导率测量的装置。 本发明使用探针中的细长孔来水平或垂直地定向地层中的流体流动。 通过使用单个细长开口或通过使用一组不同形状的对齐的开口来近似伸长的孔。 通过在多于一个轴上包括额外的探针开口可以在不同的取向进行测量。
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