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公开(公告)号：US4990236A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-05
申请号：US485772
申请日：1990-02-21
IPC分类号： G01N27/42
CPC分类号： G01N27/423
摘要： A solid state, thin film moisture sensing element is disclosed. The sensing element is fabricated by thin film deposition of at least a pair of two layer electrodes on an insulating surface. The active surface of the element is then coated with a layer of hygroscopic material and placed in a diffusion limiting housing to complete the sensing element assembly.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种固态薄膜湿度感测元件。 感测元件通过至少一对两层电极在绝缘表面上的薄膜沉积来制造。 然后将元件的活性表面涂覆有一层吸湿材料，并放置在扩散限制壳体中以完成感测元件组件。
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公开(公告)号：US4707244A
公开(公告)日：1987-11-17
申请号：US819936
申请日：1986-01-21
CPC分类号： G01N27/423 , G01N27/42
摘要： A solid state sensing element comprising a nonporous, structurally stable, electrically insulating substrate on which is disposed spaced apart pairs of electrodes for contact with moisture. A hygroscopic electrolytic material is located in close proximity to the electrodes as by coating the electrodes with the hygroscopic material. A catalyst is deposited in close proximity to the electrodes and is electrically insulated therefom. The electrodes are connected to a source of potential and current measuring instrumentation. Moisture is trapped by the hygroscopic material and electrolyzed at the electrodes. The catalyst recombines the hydrogen and oxygen thus formed to water so there is no net consumption of water by the element and equilibrium is established at the sensor surface and the atmosphere adjacent the sensor surface. Any change in partial pressure in the atmosphere adjacent the sensor surface is reflected by the movement of water molecules to the area of least concentration which produces a change in amount of moisture being electrolyzed and an increase or decrease in the current required by the element to electrolyze water.
摘要翻译： 一种固体感测元件，包括无孔结构稳定的电绝缘衬底，其上设置有间隔开的与水分接触的电极对。 吸湿电解质材料位于靠近电极的位置，通过用吸湿材料涂覆电极。 催化剂沉积在电极附近并与之电绝缘。 电极连接到电位和电流测量仪器的源头。 水分被吸湿材料捕获并在电极处电解。 催化剂将由此形成的氢和氧气重新组合到水中，因此元素没有净消耗水分，并且在传感器表面和邻近传感器表面的大气层建立平衡。 与传感器表面相邻的大气中的分压的任何变化都反映在水分子运动到最小浓度的区域，该区域产生电解水分的变化，并且电解所需要的电流的增加或减少 水。
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公开(公告)号：US4325912A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-20
申请号：US165164
申请日：1980-07-01
CPC分类号： G01N33/004 , G01N25/28 , G01N31/005
摘要： A carbon monoxide detection apparatus and process are disclosed in which the amount of carbon monoxide is measured by oxidizing it and measuring the heat of oxidation. To accomplish this platinum oxide is used as the catalyst and an operating temperature is maintained at which oxidation of carbon monoxide occurs in the presence of platinum oxide. Various types of heat-change-responsive techniques are disclosed, including measurement of the voltage drop across forward-biased solid-state diodes, and measurement of the voltage generated by thermo-couples.
摘要翻译： 公开了一氧化碳检测装置和方法，其中一氧化碳的量通过氧化并测量氧化热来测量。 为了实现这种氧化铂用作催化剂，并且保持在氧化铂存在下发生一氧化碳氧化的工作温度。 公开了各种类型的热变化响应技术，包括测量正向偏置固态二极管上的电压降，以及由热电偶产生的电压的测量。
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公开(公告)号：US4455213A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-19
申请号：US221143
申请日：1980-12-29
CPC分类号： G01N27/404
摘要： A membrane type amperometric gas sensor is provided with a pressure equalization passage between the exterior and interior of the cell in which the electrodes are located. Cell fluids move into and out of the passage as necessary to maintain the pressure inside the cell substantially equal to the pressure outside the cell over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. A movable fluid plug or seal located in the passage protects the fluids inside of the cell from contact with the gas being sensed and from the atmosphere for all permissible values of pressure and temperature.
摘要翻译： 膜式电流计气体传感器在电极的外部和内部之间设置有压力平衡通道，电极位于其中。 根据需要，细胞液体进入和离开通道，以便在宽的压力和温度范围内将细胞内的压力基本上等于细胞外的压力。 位于通道中的可移动流体塞或密封件可保护电池内部的流体不受与感测气体和大气压力和温度的所有允许值的接触。
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公开(公告)号：US4272248A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-09
申请号：US107109
申请日：1979-12-26
申请人： Radhakrishna M. Neti
发明人： Radhakrishna M. Neti
IPC分类号： G01N21/64
CPC分类号： G01N21/64 , G01N2201/1215 , Y10T436/186 , Y10T436/25125
摘要： In a sulfur dioxide fluorescence analyzer, a method and apparatus for eliminating the fluorescence effects of nitric oxide is disclosed wherein a sample gas is mixed with a diluent which substantially quenches nitric oxide fluorescence.
摘要翻译： 在二氧化硫荧光分析仪中，公开了一种用于消除一氧化氮的荧光效应的方法和装置，其中将样品气体与基本上淬灭一氧化氮荧光的稀释剂混合。
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公开(公告)号：US4776942A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-11
申请号：US17719
申请日：1987-02-24
CPC分类号： G01N27/404
摘要： An improved sensor for dissolved oxygen measurement comprising a body having an electrolyte reservoir and electrolyte contained therein and an opening for communication between the exterior of the body and the reservoir and an anode and cathode concentrically disposed in the body adjacent the opening. A thin polymeric membrane permeable to oxygen and impermeable to the electrolyte seals the opening. The working surfaces of the anode and cathode, that is the surfaces adjacent the membrane, are spaced apart from the membrane to define an electrolyte space between the working surfaces and the membrane. A noble metal screen is disposed on the working surface of the anode. Preferably the screen completely covers the anode working surface and a portion of the screen which would normally overlie the working surface of the cathode is cut away so that the cathode working surface is unobstructed. The noble metal screen over the anode surface results in a substantial retention of electrode stability over a period of time as compared to sensors similarly constructed but which do not include the noble metal screen over the anode working surface.
摘要翻译： 一种用于溶解氧测量的改进的传感器，其包括具有电解质储存器和其中所含电解质的主体，以及用于本体外部与储存器之间连通的开口以及与该开口同心地设置在该体内的阳极和阴极。 可渗透氧气并且不透液体的薄的聚合物膜密封开口。 阳极和阴极的工作表面（即邻近膜的表面）与膜间隔开以在工作表面和膜之间限定电解质空间。 贵金属屏幕设置在阳极的工作表面上。 优选地，屏幕完全覆盖阳极工作表面，并且通常覆盖阴极的工作表面的屏幕的一部分被切除，使得阴极工作表面畅通无阻。 与阳极表面上的贵金属屏幕相比，与类似构造的传感器相比，在阳极工作表面上不包括贵金属屏幕的传感器在一段时间内导致电极稳定性的显着保持。
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公开(公告)号：US4575410A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-11
申请号：US621890
申请日：1984-06-19
申请人： Radhakrishna M. Neti
发明人： Radhakrishna M. Neti
IPC分类号： G01N27/30 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/56
CPC分类号： G01N27/4035
摘要： An improved solid state electrode system for measuring the pH of fluids at temperatures as high or even higher than that corresponding to the critical point of water (374.2.degree. C.). A stabilized metal oxide based ceramic member having a predetermined thickness is coupled to a first metallic conductor by a uniform, solid oxygen-free electrolyte to serve as a pH sensing electrode. A body of an electrochemically inert material, which preferably comprises a stabilized metal oxide based ceramic member having a lesser thickness or a greater porosity, is coupled to a second metallic conductor by a similar uniform solid electrolyte to serve as a reference electrode. Together the pH and reference electrodes form an electrode system that is suitable for use in applications in which the temperatures and/or pressures of the test solution preclude the use of conventional electrodes. A variety of configurations and compositions are disclosed which allow the electrode system to be fabricated in an improved manner.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的固态电极系统，用于在高于或高于对应于水临界点（374.2℃）的温度下测量流体的pH。 具有预定厚度的稳定的金属氧化物基陶瓷构件通过均匀的固体无氧电解质与第一金属导体耦合，以用作pH感测电极。 优选包含具有较小厚度或更大孔隙率的稳定的基于金属氧化物的陶瓷构件的电化学惰性材料体通过类似的均匀固体电解质与第二金属导体耦合，以用作参考电极。 pH和参比电极一起形成适合用于测试溶液的温度和/或压力阻止使用常规电极的应用的电极系统。 公开了允许以改进的方式制造电极系统的各种配置和组成。
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公开(公告)号：US4485001A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-27
申请号：US582111
申请日：1984-02-21
IPC分类号： G01N27/36
CPC分类号： G01N27/36
摘要： A pH electrode which is capable of withstanding repeated exposures to sterilizing temperatures. An electrode body having a pH sensing member is at least partially filled with a bed of electrochemically inert particles. After an internal reference is inserted into the particle bed, the bed is injected with a quantity of electrolyte which is sufficient to establish continuity between the sensing member and the internal reference, but which is not sufficient to produce destructive internal pressures when the electrode is subjected to sterilizing temperatures. The electrode is completed by forming a seal between the electrode body and the internal reference.
摘要翻译： 能够耐受反复暴露于灭菌温度的pH电极。 具有pH感测构件的电极体至少部分地填充有电化学惰性颗粒床。 在内部参考被插入到颗粒床中之后，床注入一定量的电解质，其足以在感测构件和内部参考之间建立连续性，但是当电极受到影响时不足以产生破坏性的内部压力 灭菌温度。 通过在电极体和内部基准之间形成密封来完成电极。
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公开(公告)号：US3934991A
公开(公告)日：1976-01-27
申请号：US119601
申请日：1971-03-01
CPC分类号： G01N1/405 , G01N31/002 , Y10T436/177692
摘要： A method of analyzing nitric oxide (NO) in a gas stream containing nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) and a scrubber apparatus for selectively removing nitrogen dioxide from a gas stream containing nitric oxide. The scrubber apparatus comprises a container having an inlet port for the gas stream and an outlet port. The scrubber material in the container includes silver carbonate whereby the scrubber has an efficiency of at least about 99% and a capacity of about 11.5 parts per million hours of 99% nitrogen dioxide removal per gram of silver carbonate. The method involves passing the gas stream through a scrubber material containing silver carbonate so as to remove nitrogen dioxide from the gas stream while passing the nitric oxide unattenuated and thereafter conveying the gas stream from the scrubber material to an analyzer for nitric oxide. The gas stream is analyzed with the analyzer to determine the nitric oxide concentration therein.
摘要翻译： 一种分析含有二氧化氮（NO2）的气流中的一氧化氮（NO）和用于从含有一氧化氮的气流中选择性除去二氧化氮的洗涤装置的方法。 洗涤器装置包括具有用于气流的入口和出口的容器。 容器中的洗涤器材料包括碳酸银，其中洗涤器具有至少约99％的效率，并且每克碳酸银除去99％二氧化氮的百万小时的容量为11.5ppm。 该方法包括使气体流通过含有碳酸银的洗涤器材料，以便在气流中除去二氧化氮，同时使一氧化氮未经衰减，然后将气流从洗涤器材料输送到一氧化氮分析器。 用分析仪分析气流，以确定其中的一氧化氮浓度。
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公开(公告)号：US5633170A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-27
申请号：US403494
申请日：1995-03-14
申请人： Radhakrishna M. Neti
发明人： Radhakrishna M. Neti
IPC分类号： G01N21/76
CPC分类号： G01N21/766 , Y10T436/176921 , Y10T436/177692 , Y10T436/178459 , Y10T436/179228
摘要： A method and apparatus for the chemiluminescent determination of NO/NO.sub.x in a sample gas is disclosed in which the NO.sub.x portion of the gas stream is catalytically converted in a preconditioned vitreous carbon bed at a relatively low temperature effective to catalytically convert NO.sub.x to NO and below 200.degree. C. The vitreous carbon is preconditioned by heating at a temperature of between 300.degree. C. and about 500.degree. C. for a sufficient period of time, on the order of two to five hours. The apparatus consists of a converter containing the preconditioned vitreous carbon in communication with a reaction cell consisting of a hollow cylindrical housing having an open end closed by an optical filter. A suitable photodetecter is disposed to detect light emitted through the optical filter. A chemiluminescent reaction between ozone and NO in the sample stream occurs in a reaction chamber defined by the interior of the housing. A reflector element may be disposed in the reaction chamber. The converter and the housing are preferably formed of low cost, easily worked materials, such as stainless steel or aluminum.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于样品气体中NO / NOx的化学发光测定的方法和装置，其中气流的NOx部分在预处理的玻璃碳床中在相对低的温度下催化转化，该温度有效地将NOx催化转化为NO并低于 200℃。玻璃碳通过在300℃至约500℃的温度下加热足够长的时间，预定时间为2-5小时。 该装置包括一个转换器，该转换器包含与反应池连通的预处理玻璃碳，反应池由具有由滤光器封闭的开口端的中空圆柱形壳体组成。 设置合适的光电探测器来检测通过滤光器发射的光。 样品流中的臭氧和NO之间的化学发光反应发生在由壳体内部限定的反应室中。 反射器元件可以设置在反应室中。 转换器和壳体优选地由低成本，易加工的材料形成，例如不锈钢或铝。
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