摘要:
In a method using a chromatographic separation apparatus consisting of plurality of unit packed beds each having a supply inlet/extraction outlet, wherein the apparatus is effectively divided into four zones; an adsorption zone, a refining zone, a desorption zone, and a concentration zone. A supply and extraction step is performed in which all of the fluid flowing out of the adsorption zone is extracted through the nonadsorbate fluid extraction outlet, and then a recycle step, in which no fluid is supplied to or extracted from the bed, is performed to move the concentration distributions in the bed to a desired position. As a result, the method requires fewer unit beds, and enables extraction of components of higher purity.
摘要:
An insulating film is formed on a semiconductor substrate, and the insulating film on that part of the semiconductor substrate where an emitter is to be formed, is removed to expose the surface of the above part. A polycrystalline or amorphous silicon film is deposited on the entire surface, and then irradiated with a laser beam to convert that portion of the polycrystalline or amorphous silicon film which is deposited on the surface of the semiconductor substrate without interposing the insulating film therebetween, into a single crystal of silicon, thereby forming a stacked emitter.