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公开(公告)号：US4772757A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-20
申请号：US921641
申请日：1986-10-21
申请人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken , Karl-Heinz Schultz , Rudolf Hornung , Walter Bockmann , Wolfgang Larbig , Wolfgang Dietz
发明人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken , Karl-Heinz Schultz , Rudolf Hornung , Walter Bockmann , Wolfgang Larbig , Wolfgang Dietz
IPC分类号： C07C201/08 , C01B17/88 , C07C67/00 , C07C201/00 , C07C205/06 , C07C79/10
CPC分类号： C07C201/08 , C01B17/88
摘要： In the production of nitrobenzene by subjecting benzene to nitration with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, separating off the nitrobenzene formed, concentrating the sulfuric acid by evaporation and returning the concentrated sulfuric acid to the bezene nitration stage, the improvement which comprises concentrating sulfuric acid to a concentration of from 75 to 92% by evaporation in vacuo at temperatures in the range from 130.degree. to 195.degree. C. Thereby the energy per kg of water evaporated is drastically reduced compared to processes wherein the sulfuric acid is concentrated to a higher level, without a corresponding loss in efficiency or capacity.
摘要翻译： 在用硝酸和硫酸的混合物对苯进行硝化的硝基苯生产中，分离所形成的硝基苯，通过蒸发浓缩硫酸并将浓硫酸还原成氮化阶段，其改进包括浓缩硫酸 通过在130-195℃的温度下在真空中蒸发，将其酸浓度至75至92％。因此，与将硫酸浓缩至较高的方法相比，蒸发的每kg水的能量显着降低 水平，没有相应的效率或能力损失。
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公开(公告)号：US5229087A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-20
申请号：US523107
申请日：1990-05-14
IPC分类号： C01B17/90 , C01G23/053 , C22B34/12
CPC分类号： C01B17/901 , C01G23/0532 , C22B34/125 , C22B34/1259
摘要： A process for the preparation of titanium dioxide by the sulphate process in which titanium raw materials are decomposed with sulphuric acid, the resulting titanyl sulphate is hydrolyzed, the waste acid is separated from the hydrolyzate and evaporated to a concentration of 60 to 70%, sulphuric acid is separated from the solid metal sulphates, and the sulphuric acid which has been concentrated by evaporation is used again for the decomposition of the titanium raw material, the improvement wherein the 60 to 70% sulphuric acid is concentrated to 70 to 80% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 in a further evaporation stage and the concentration of a part of this sulphuric acid is raised to a concentration of 98 to 99% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 by the absorption of SO.sub.3 and then used together with the remainder of the above-mentioned 70 to 80% sulphuric acid for the decomposition of titanium raw materials.
摘要翻译： 通过硫酸盐工艺制备二氧化钛的方法，其中钛原料用硫酸分解，得到的硫酸氧钛被水解，废酸与水解产物分离并蒸发至60至70％的浓度，硫酸 酸与固体金属硫酸盐分离，通过蒸发浓缩的硫酸再次用于钛原料的分解，其中将60-70％硫酸浓缩至70-80％H 2 SO 4的改进 进一步蒸发阶段，通过吸收SO 3将该硫酸的一部分浓度提高至98至99％H 2 SO 4的浓度，然后与剩余的上述70-80％硫酸一起用于 分解钛原料。
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公开(公告)号：US4670235A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-02
申请号：US775201
申请日：1985-09-12
CPC分类号： B01D53/68 , B01D53/8609 , C01B17/775
摘要： In the desulphurizing of SO.sub.2 - and hydrogen halide-containing flue gases by catalytically oxidizing the sulphur dioxide on moist active carbon at a temperature of from 45.degree. to 70.degree. C. with the formation of 3 to 20% dilute sulphuric acid, the improvement which comprises contacting the dilute sulphuric acid with the hot flue gases to be desulphurized so as to evaporate water resulting sulphuric acid of a concentration of from 60 to 85%, and removing by evaporation the hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride dissolved in the dilute sulphuric acid. Advantageously evaporation is carried out in two scrubbing stages, the hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride being removed, by vacuum evaporation or by stripping with air or flue gas, from a mixture of the dilute sulphuric acid from the second scrubbing stage with the concentrated sulphuric acid from the first scrubbing stage, the mixture having the H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 concentration of from 40 to 70%.
摘要翻译： 在SO2-和含卤化氢的烟道气的脱硫中，通过在温度为45〜70℃的温度下在湿活性炭上催化氧化二氧化硫，形成3〜20％的稀硫酸， 包括使稀硫酸与待脱硫的热烟道气接触，以使水蒸发得到浓度为60至85％的硫酸，并通过蒸发除去溶解在稀硫酸中的氯化氢和氟化氢。 有利地，在两个洗涤阶段进行蒸发，通过真空蒸发或通过空气或烟道气从第二洗涤阶段的稀硫酸的混合物中除去氯化氢和氟化氢，使浓硫酸从 第一次洗涤阶段，该混合物的H 2 SO 4浓度为40-70％。
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公开(公告)号：US4880446A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US202861
申请日：1988-06-06
申请人： Wolfgang Dietz , Rudolf Gerken , Gunter Lailach , Peter Clasen
发明人： Wolfgang Dietz , Rudolf Gerken , Gunter Lailach , Peter Clasen
CPC分类号： B01D53/68 , B01D53/005
摘要： A process for heating up moist gases containing hydrogen halides comprising removing the hydrogen halides from the gases by partial condensation of the water vapor, separating out the condensate and heating up the resultant gas in indirect or recuperative heat exchangers.
摘要翻译： 一种用于加热含有卤化氢的潮湿气体的方法，包括通过水蒸汽的部分冷凝从气体中除去卤化氢，分离出冷凝物并在间接或再生热交换器中加热所得气体。
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公开(公告)号：US4931269A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-05
申请号：US262144
申请日：1988-10-21
申请人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken
发明人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken
CPC分类号： C01B17/60 , B01D53/507 , C01B17/74
摘要： A process for the removal of dust and sulphur dioxide from hot exhaust gases which have a low hydrogen halide content and the reheating of the purified exhaust gases, wherein(a) the hot exhaust gases are cooled to temperatures below 135.degree. C. by scrubbing with sulphuric acid,(b) sulphuric acid containing solids and dissolved metal sulphates is then separated from the exhaust gases from (a),(c) the exhaust gases from (b) are cooled to temperatures of 50.degree. to 70.degree. C. by scrubbing with 15 to 50% sulphuric acid,(d) and desulphurized with the formation of sulphuric acid,(e) and reheated to temperatures of 70.degree. to 90.degree. C. by scrubbing with 50 to 65% sulphuric acid while the sulphuric acid discharged from (c) is concentrated and(f) the sulphuric acid from stage (a) together with the solid particles contained therein is cooled with the pure sulphuric acid from (e) in heat exchangers.The process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the purification of hot exhaust gases which are at a temperature of 170.degree. to 500.degree. C.
摘要翻译： 一种从具有低卤化物含量和纯化废气再热的热废气中去除灰尘和二氧化硫的方法，其中（a）将热废气通过以下方式洗涤而被冷却至低于135℃的温度： 硫酸，（b）含硫固体和溶解的金属硫酸盐然后从（a），（c）的废气中分离，（b）的废气通过洗涤被冷却至50至70℃的温度 用15〜50％的硫酸，（d），硫酸形成硫酸脱硫，（e），再用50〜65％的硫酸洗涤再次加热至70〜90℃， （c）浓缩，（f）来自步骤（a）的硫酸与其中所含的固体颗粒一起用（e）在热交换器中的纯硫酸冷却。 根据本发明的方法特别适合于在170℃至500℃的温度下净化热废气。
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公开(公告)号：US4824655A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-25
申请号：US097241
申请日：1987-09-15
申请人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken
发明人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken
CPC分类号： C01B17/507 , C01B17/501 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A process for the preparation of sulphur dioxide by the thermal decomposition of metal sulphates in a fluidized bed reactor with sulphur-containing reducing agents and energy suppliers, characterized in that a mixture comprising the metal sulphates, the sulphur-containing reducing agents and 75 to 99% of the energy suppliers is fed into the fluidized bed reactors and the remainder of the energy suppliers is introduced separately into the fluidized layer of the fluidized bed reactor.
摘要翻译： 一种通过在含硫还原剂和能源供应商的流化床反应器中热分解金属硫酸盐来制备二氧化硫的方法，其特征在于包含金属硫酸盐，含硫还原剂和75至99 将能量供应商的百分比进料到流化床反应器中，其余能量供应商分别引入流化床反应器的流化层。
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公开(公告)号：US4663490A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US710895
申请日：1985-03-12
申请人： Rudolf Gerken , Gunter Lailach , Dieter Becher , Harro Witt
发明人： Rudolf Gerken , Gunter Lailach , Dieter Becher , Harro Witt
IPC分类号： C07C67/00 , C07C201/00 , C07C201/08 , C07C205/06 , C07C79/10
CPC分类号： C07C201/08
摘要： In the production of dinitrotoluene by a two-stage reaction of toluene with nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid, wherein toluene is nitrated to mononitrotoluene in the first stage using spent acid from the second stage, and the mononitrotoluene is nitrated to dinitrotoluene in the second stage using concentrated spent acid from the first stage, the improvement which comprises concentrating spent acid under vacuum in an indirectly-heated evaporator and feeding mononitrotoluene into the superheated vapor of the evaporator.
摘要翻译： 在硫酸存在下，通过甲苯与硝酸的两步反应制备二硝基甲苯，其中使用第二阶段的废酸在第一阶段将甲苯硝化为一硝基甲苯，并将一硝基甲苯硝化为二硝基甲苯 第二阶段使用来自第一阶段的浓缩废酸，其改进包括在间接加热的蒸发器中真空浓缩废酸，并将单硝基甲苯加入到蒸发器的过热蒸气中。
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公开(公告)号：US5271919A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-21
申请号：US730031
申请日：1991-07-12
申请人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken
发明人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken
CPC分类号： C01B17/501 , C01B17/507 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A process for the thermal decomposition of metal sulphate mixtures at temperatures from 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C. under oxidizing conditions, in which the metal sulphate mixtures are mixed with roasting residue and reacted together with fuels in the decomposition reactor to form roasting residue and SO.sub.2 -containing gases from roasting wherein the roasting residue admixed with the sulphate mixture is the finely divided fraction of the resulting roasting residue which is separated from the stream of gas in an electrostatic gas purification apparatus and returned to the decomposition reactor.This procedure has an advantageous influence on the formation of coarse roasting residue and also significantly reduces the proportion of undecomposed, water soluble sulphates in the roasting residue.
摘要翻译： 在金属硫酸盐混合物与焙烧残渣混合并与分解反应器中的燃料一起反应以形成焙烧残渣和SO 2的方法，在800至1100℃的温度下，在金属硫酸盐混合物的热分解过程中， 来自焙烧的含有气体，其中与硫酸盐混合物混合的焙烧残渣是在静电气体净化装置中与气流分离的所得焙烧残渣的细碎部分，并返回到分解反应器。 该方法对粗焙烧残渣的形成具有有利影响，并且显着降低了未分解的水溶性硫酸盐在焙烧残渣中的比例。
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公开(公告)号：US5122358A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-16
申请号：US275297
申请日：1988-11-23
申请人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken
发明人： Gunter Lailach , Rudolf Gerken
CPC分类号： C01B17/60 , B01D53/507 , B01D53/68 , C01B17/74
摘要： A process for the purification of hot exhaust gases containing dust, sulphur dioxide and/or hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen fluoride and having a water vapor partial pressure of at least 15 volume %, whereina) the hot exhaust gases are cooled to temperatures below 135.degree. C. by scrubbing with 60-75% sulphuric acid,b) the exhaust gases from a) are cooled to 60.degree.-80.degree. C. by contact with 5-20% sulphuric acid,c) the exhaust gases from b) are desulphurized in contact with moist active charcoal to form sulphuric acid,d) the sulphuric acid formed in c) is raised to a concentration of 5 to 20% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 in contact with the hot exhaust gases,e) the 5 to 20% sulphuric acid formed in d) is evaporated to a concentration of 60 to 80% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 by the heat obtained from cooling the exhaust gases of a) andf) prior to stage e) HCl and/or HF is removed from a mixture of 5 to 20% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 from d) with 60 to 80% sulphuric acid.
摘要翻译： 一种用于净化含有灰尘，二氧化硫和/或氯化氢和/或氟化氢并且具有至少15体积％的水蒸汽分压的热废气的方法，其中a）将热废气冷却至低于 135℃，用60-75％硫酸洗涤，b）a）的废气通过与5-20％的硫酸接触冷却至60〜80℃，c）来自b） 与湿活性炭接触脱硫以形成硫酸，d）将c）中形成的硫酸升高至与热废气接触的5至20％H 2 SO 4的浓度，e）5至20％的硫酸 通过从a）和f）的废气中冷却获得的热量，在d）中形成的H 2 SO 4的浓度被蒸发至60至80％的H 2 SO 4浓度。在步骤e）之前，HCl和/或HF从5至20％ 来自d）的H 2 SO 4与60〜80％的硫酸反应。
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公开(公告)号：US4663131A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US673244
申请日：1984-11-20
IPC分类号： C01G23/053 , C22B34/12 , C01G23/047
CPC分类号： C01G23/0532 , C22B34/125 , C22B34/129 , Y02P10/212
摘要： In the preparation of titanium dioxide comprising autothermically digestion a titanium-containing raw material with sulphuric acid to form a solid relatively easily soluble digestion cake containing titanyl sulphate, extracting metal sulphates from this cake by water or dilute sulphuric acid, separating the undissolved residues and, optionally after crystallization of iron sulphate heptahydrate, hydrolyzing the titanyl sulphate to produce titanium oxide hydrate, and calcining the titanium oxide hydrate to titanium dioxide, the improvement which comprises adding to the raw material a metal sulphate and effecting the autothermic decomposition with sulphuric acid of about 80 to 88% concentration. Advantageously the acid is obtained by mixing dilute acid with concentrated sulphuric acid or oleum, some of the dilute acid and metal sulphate coming from a by-product filter cake produced in the course of the process.
摘要翻译： 在二氧化钛的制备中，包括用硫酸自动消化含钛原料以形成含有硫酸氧钛的固体相对容易溶解的消化饼，用水或稀硫酸从该饼中提取金属硫酸盐，分离未溶解的残余物， 任选地在硫酸铁七水合物结晶后，水解硫酸氧钛以产生氧化钛水合物，并将氧化钛水合物煅烧成二氧化钛，其改进包括向原料中加入金属硫酸盐，并用硫酸约自发分解 80〜88％浓度。 有利地，酸是通过将稀酸与浓硫酸或发烟硫酸混合而获得的，一些稀酸和金属硫酸盐来自在该方法过程中产生的副产物滤饼。
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